scholarly journals Elimination of Intermetallic Coverage Over-etching on Aluminum Pad

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Jonalyn Jaylo-Sia ◽  
Jonathan Pulido ◽  
Frederick Ray Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ball Bond ◽  
Intermetallic Growth

Intermetallic coverage (IMC) is one of the critical wirebond output responses that is usually checked to ensure the ball to pad integrity. The success of wirebonding relies on the formation of an interfacial intermetallic growth of ball bond to ensure it can withstand reliability stresses. The challenging approach in IMC analysis detect as over-etching around IMC area that leads to inaccurate IMC data collection. To address the over-etching, we generate a new method which is backside polishing that results to a reliable IMC data collection and help reduced the cycle time of IMC data gathering.

scholarly journals The Learning Pathways Grid

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160940691879160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stuart Lane ◽  
Chris Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
High Fidelity Simulation ◽  
Cognitive Frames ◽  
Open Disclosure ◽  
Learning Pathways ◽  
Social Constructivist Approach ◽  
Insight Into

The interview is an important data-gathering tool in qualitative research, since it allows researchers to gain insight into a person’s knowledge, understandings, perceptions, interpretations, and experiences. There are many definitions of reflexivity in qualitative research, one such definition being “Reflexivity is an attitude of attending systematically to the context of knowledge construction, especially to the effect of the researcher, at every step of the research processes.” The learning pathways grid (LPG) is a visual template used to assist analysis and interpretation of conversations, allowing educators, learners, and researchers, to discover links from cognition to action, usually in a retrospective manner. It is often used in simulation educational research, with a focus on understanding how learners access their cognitive frames and underlying beliefs. In this article, we describe the use of the LPG as a prospective adjunct to data collection for interviews and focus groups. We contextualize it within a study among medical interns and medical students who were engaged in high-fidelity simulation exploring open disclosure after a medication error. The LPG allowed future optimization of data collection and interpretation by ensuring reflexivity within the researchers, a vital part of research conduct. We conclude by suggesting the use of the LPG has a reasonable fit when taking a social constructivist approach and using qualitative analysis methods that make reflexivity explicit and visible, therefore ensuring it is truly considered, understood, and demonstrated by researchers.

scholarly journals Mask-Making and Drawing as Method: Arts-Based Approaches to Data Collection With War-Affected Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 160940691983247
Author(s):  
Amber Green ◽  
Myriam Denov
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Mask Making ◽  
In Captivity

Globally, the numbers of children living in conflict zones and displaced by war have risen dramatically over the past two decades, and with this, scholarly attention to the impacts of war on children. More recently, researchers have examined how war-affected children are being studied, revealing important shortcomings. These limitations relate to the lack of child participation in research, the need for researchers to engage children in the research process as “active agents” rather than “passive objects” under study, as well as the need for researchers to pay closer attention to ethical dilemmas associated with researching war-affected children. To address these realities, innovative research methods that can be adapted across diverse sociocultural contexts are warranted. In light of these shortcomings, our research team integrated two arts-based methods: mask-making and drawing, alongside traditional qualitative data collection methods with a particularly marginalized population of young people: children born in captivity within the Lord’s Resistance Army in northern Uganda. In this article, we provide information on the context of northern Uganda. We describe how the use of mask-making and drawing was used as data gathering tools and the ways in which these arts-based methods had important benefits for the research participants, researchers, and impacted on the validity of the research as a whole. We propose that the use of these participatory visual methods enriched the themes elicited through more traditional methods. The article describes how these arts-based mediums fostered community building among children typically excluded from their communities and were successful as a tool to build trust between participants and the research team when exploring sensitive topics. The article concludes with implications for future research with war-affected children.

Decolonizing Cultural Probes in Ethnographic Research: Perspective of African Scholars

2021 ◽  
pp. 002193472110210
Author(s):  
Akpovire Oduaran ◽  
Okechukwu S. Chukwudeh
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Conceptual Paper

The epistemological positioning that frequently validates the application of cultural probes in eliciting detailed exploration of phenomenon has not been sufficiently interrogated. Yet the epistemological assumptions behind the value of cultural probes continue to be drummed up and foisted on Africa’s emerging ethnographic researchers who actually need to be a bit more critical in its adoption and application. This conceptual paper explores the extant literature on data collection based essentially on cultural probes as espoused in habitus. It is proposed that profound amounts of decolonization of the spirit, content, and process of data gathering is urgent and critical at this stage. Until this is done objectively, African ethnographic researchers should “look at the gift horse in the mouth” before they can properly configure what is right or wrong for the people of Africa who should be in the hot pursuit of the ownership, production and utilization of relevant and sacrosanct knowledge aimed at rapid socio-economic and political development of the continent.

scholarly journals Ex post damage assessment: an Italian experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Molinari ◽  
S. Menoni ◽  
G. T. Aronica ◽  
F. Ballio ◽  
N. Berni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. In recent years, awareness of a need for more effective disaster data collection, storage, and sharing of analyses has developed in many parts of the world. In line with this advance, Italian local authorities have expressed the need for enhanced methods and procedures for post-event damage assessment in order to obtain data that can serve numerous purposes: to create a reliable and consistent database on the basis of which damage models can be defined or validated; and to supply a comprehensive scenario of flooding impacts according to which priorities can be identified during the emergency and recovery phase, and the compensation due to citizens from insurers or local authorities can be established. This paper studies this context, and describes ongoing activities in the Umbria and Sicily regions of Italy intended to identifying new tools and procedures for flood damage data surveys and storage in the aftermath of floods. In the first part of the paper, the current procedures for data gathering in Italy are analysed. The analysis shows that the available knowledge does not enable the definition or validation of damage curves, as information is poor, fragmented, and inconsistent. A new procedure for data collection and storage is therefore proposed. The entire analysis was carried out at a local level for the residential and commercial sectors only. The objective of the next steps for the research in the short term will be (i) to extend the procedure to other types of damage, and (ii) to make the procedure operational with the Italian Civil Protection system. The long-term aim is to develop specific depth–damage curves for Italian contexts.

scholarly journals Central Park Squirrel Census Maps

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Garnett Slaughter IV
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
Census Report

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In October of 2018, the first official squirrel census of New York City’s Central Park was conducted. Throughout the project’s 30-month duration, maps were a critical tool &amp;ndash; from logistical planning and data gathering, to data analysis and presentation of census results. Of these project phases, two in particular generated important cartographical work, not only to the success of the census project, but within the historical lineage of Central Park maps: the Tally Map, which was used for squirrel and park data collection, and the series of maps to be used to present the census findings in the Official Central Park Squirrel Census Report.</p>

scholarly journals Desafios da inserção dos egressos e egressas da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo no trabalho docente

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Eugencia Janata ◽  
Antony Josue Correa ◽  
Katila Thaiana Stefanes
Keyword(s):  
Rural Education ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Graduation Project ◽  
Future Horizon

In this study, we made reflections of the challenges from inserting graduates into the teaching profession of the aforementioned course at the Universidade Federal Santa Catarina. We developed bibliographic research on the teaching work and the graduation project of this degree, document analysis, data collection with field research, of an exploratory nature, and the data gathering using a questionnaire. The results, still partial, indicate as limiting aspects: the non-inclusion of the qualification of a Licentiate Degree in Educação do Campo (Rural Education) in qualifying processes, the refusal of the graduate by the educational council and/or institutions, or being hired as non-qualified. Some situations were reversed by dialogue and appeals to public notices, an aspect considered as an enhancement. As a contradictory and emerging element to the debate, there is a restriction of the diploma and the job duties being valid only for rural schools. Advancing on the discussions about the degree and insertion in the teaching profession, we pointed out the relevance of the collective organization of the graduates through the movements that fights for Rural Education. Necessary improvements for the transformation of schools and for the future horizon.

Conduct a Scout Survey (Step 6)

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Edmund M. Ricci ◽  
Ernesto A. Pretto ◽  
Knut Ole Sundnes
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Data Collection Period ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Disaster Event

We strongly recommend that a ‘scout survey’ of the disaster site be implemented prior to the initiation of the principal study, in order to obtain the types of detailed information required to prepare a research plan and a plan for working with a full research team during the data collection period. The scout survey step requires that one or two researchers go to the disaster site within two or three weeks following the disaster to prepare for a larger team visit, which would initiate work within two to three months post disaster. ‘Scout team’ visits are an essential mechanism for developing and/or revising the data collection instruments, for securing collaboration of local officials who will facilitate the study, for identifying key informants and members of the stakeholder group, and for obtaining background information needed for the sample design. We believe it is essential that the initial data collection be completed as soon as possible after the disaster event ends, in order to minimize memory loss. It is also of great importance that the primary data collection phase be conducted efficiently, within a period of approximately seven to ten days, although additional data may be added subsequent to the primary data collection period as the need for it becomes apparent. It is also likely that a data gathering effort, such as a survey involving large numbers of individuals, may continue after the main data collection team members have returned to their home institutions. The amount of thorough and detailed planning required to achieve the 7–10 day goal virtually mandates a pre-visit by a scout team.

scholarly journals Reflection tomography of time-lapse GPR data for studying dynamic unsaturated flow phenomena

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Mangel ◽  
Stephen M. J. Moysey ◽  
John Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
New Method ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Reflection Tomography

Abstract. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection tomography algorithms allow non-invasive monitoring of water content changes resulting from flow in the vadose zone. The approach requires multi-offset GPR data that are traditionally slow to collect. We automate GPR data collection to reduce the survey time significantly, thereby making this approach to hydrologic monitoring feasible. The method was evaluated using numerical simulations and laboratory experiments that suggest reflection tomography can provide water content estimates to within 5 % vol vol−1–10 % vol vol−1 for the synthetic studies, whereas the empirical estimates were typically within 5 %–15 % of measurements from in situ probes. Both studies show larger observed errors in water content near the periphery of the wetting front, beyond which additional reflectors were not present to provide data coverage. Overall, coupling automated GPR data collection with reflection tomography provides a new method for informing models of subsurface hydrologic processes and a new method for determining transient 2-D soil moisture distributions.

Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks Using UAV and Compressive Data Gathering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariush Ebrahimi ◽  
Sanaa Sharafeddine ◽  
Pin-Han Ho ◽  
Chadi Assi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Wireless Sensor
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