scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Gastroprotective Potential of Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) and Caryota Urens(L.) on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Manasa Chiduruppa ◽  
P. Pandian ◽  
Sorabh Kumar Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The present study was carried out to find out the gastroprotective effects of the leaves extracts of Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.)  and Caryota Urens (L.)   in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared from the leaves of Dypsis lutescens and Caryota Urens and were used for this study. All procured animals were divided into seven groups. Each group contain n = 6, all groups except the normal control treated with aspirin 150 mg/kg oral. Group, I served as the normal control group which received normal saline, group II served as negative control and group III as standard group receiving 20 mg/kg omeprazole and 4th to 7th groups treated with leaves extracts of Dypsis lutescens and Caryota urens respectively. Treatment was given to group II to group VII rats in every 24 h for seven days. After 24 h fasting, on the 8th-day stomach contents were aspirated under anaesthetic condition to check free and total acidity. Stomachs were opened in all sacrificed animals along the greater curvature to estimate ulcer index, percentage protection and histopathology studies. The results of the present study revealed that the severity of aspirin-induced ulceration was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in Dypsis lutescens extracts treated groups in comparison with the control and Caryota urens treated groups.  It was observed that the free and total acidity significantly decreased in the aqueous extract of Dypsis lutescens treated group when compared with the negative control and Caryota urens treated groups.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Artemisia vulgaris L. sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada sel-sel Hati Tikus yang Diinduksi Niasin

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Laily Rahmawati ◽  
Erma Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Rosita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

  The niacin in energy drinks has metabolic product that cause oxidative stress and liver damage, while the liver damage can be prevented by hepatoprotective agents. Scoparone in Artemisia vulgaris L. can act as a hepatoprotector by its antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract as a hepatoprotector in wistar hepatocytes induced by niacin. This study used 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups: normal, the negative control, the positive control, the treatment group I, and II. Treatment was conducted for 28 days. The samples were terminated and the hepatocyte were prepared for histological examination. Histological appearance was catagorized as mild, moderate, and severe damage with or without inflamatory cells activity. The data analysis by Kruskal Wallis showed significant difference (p<0,001). Further analysis by Mann Whitney revealed significantly difference (p<0,05) between normal group and all groups, negative control group and positive control group, and positive control group and treatment group I, but not significantly difference between negative control group and treatment group I, negative control group and treatment group II, positive control group and treatment group II, and between treatment groups. The study concluded that the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract has not been proven as a hepatoprotector but further study is needed to draw a definite conclusion.   Keywords: energy drink, niacin, Artemisia vulgaris L., hepatoprotector  

scholarly journals Effects of Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Sprague Dawley Rats: a Histological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Qaraghuli AMS ◽  
Abdel Wahab EMN ◽  
Al-Ani IM ◽  
Faisal GG
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan (XSYWW) is a Chinese traditional medicine that is used for gastrointestinal disorders, specifically gastric ulcer in many countries of South-East Asia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effects of XSYWW on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by means of histological Study. On a similar basis of treatment, ranitidine, a conventional medication was used as gold standard. Methods: Fifty five male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 gm) were divided into four groups. Group I (ethanol treated group) was the control group and gastric ulcers were induced by administering 100% ethanol (1 ml/200 g). Group II (Pre-treatment group) was divided into two subgroups; they were orally fed with 1.0 gm/kg and 2.0 gm/kg respectively of XSYWW solution. Thirty minutes later they were administered with absolute ethanol as in group I. Group III, was given an oral dose of 2gm/kg of XSYWW solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Group IV was given an oral dose of 200mg/kg ranitidine solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Five rats from groups I, III and IV were sacrificed on day 1, 2 and 3 while the animals of group II were sacrificed one hour after ethanol administration. Results: Histological study of the stomachs from ethanol treated rats showed multiple ulcers of various depths that reached the muscularis and the serosa. Conclusion: Pre or post-treated rats with XSYWW showed that XSYWW has protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion. However, there was a faster and more complete healing process in the ranitidine treated group when compared to the XSYWW treated subjects.

scholarly journals Methyl Gallate Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Akheruz Zaman Ahmed ◽  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Prakashchandra Shetty ◽  
Melanie Rose D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of methyl gallate; an active polyphenolic nutraceutical, against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control (group I), doxorubicin control (group II), test-A (group III), and test-B (group IV). Group III and group IV animals were prophylactically treated with methyl gallate 150 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day orally, respectively, for seven days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered through an intraperitoneal route to group II, III, and IV animals on the seventh day to induce acute cardiotoxicity. On the 8th day, besides ECG analysis, serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA, and GSH were assayed. Following gross examination of isolated hearts, histopathological evaluation was performed by light microscopy. A significant ( p  < 0.05) cardiac injury, as well as oxidative stress, was observed in doxorubicin control rats in comparison to normal control rats. Methyl gallate at both the doses significantly ( p  < 0.05) reduced doxorubicin-induced ECG changes, dyslipidaemia, and elevation of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and increased GSH level. Methyl gallate reversed the doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes in the heart. The present study revealed that methyl gallate exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats by suppressing oxidative stress. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies for consideration of methyl gallate as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) Ethanolic Extract Anti Platelet Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 969-978
Author(s):  
Perdina Nursidika
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. CVDs are responsible for 37% of deaths in Indonesia. Thrombosis is the main factor causing blood vessel clost in CVDs. Blood vessel clots then affect narrowed blood vessel. This causes strokes. The aim of this study is to determine the antithrombotic effect of water hyacinth ethanolic extract, the effective dose, and the potential to become anticoagulant agent. The water hyacinth was extracted by ethanol 96%. The extract was tested on five groups of mice, each group containing five mice. Each group was tested for fourteen days. Group I and II are fed by extract suspension with varied dose 1 mg/BW and 2 mg/BW. Group III is fed by warfarin as standard. Group IV and V are the positive and negative group, the mice were fed by NaCMC. On the 7th and 14th days, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were conducted. The plasma of group 1-IV mixed with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as inducer, except plasma of group V used for negative control, did not mixed with ADP. Data analysed by ANOVA and LSD to obtain effective dose. The results showed the difference between PTT and aPTT among the tested groups. Group I and II showed prolonged PT which is 22 and 32 seconds respectively. The control positive showed PT 9.48 seconds on day 7th and 8.22 seconds on day 14th. LSD analysis showed that there is the significant difference between positive control and the other groups. It showed platelet aggregation performed due to the addition of ADP as inducer. There was a significant difference between dose 2 and the negative control group, and there is no significant difference of dose 1. In conclusion, water hyacinth has the antithrombotic activity, the effective dose is 1 mg/BW, and it potential to further developed as anticoagulant agent.   Keywords: antiplatelet, cardiovascular diseases, water hyacinth.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide on Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Iman G.Al-Rakhat ◽  
Nada N.Al-Shawi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor utilized for the treatment of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections; and is now one of the most widely used antiretroviral drug. However, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate can induce nephrotoxicity, which may be attributed to the interaction between such drug and the organic anion transporters (hOAT1, and OAT3) with consequent changes in levels of some parameters that may have a role in nephrotoxicity. Thiazide diuretics have high to intermediate potency of inhibition of OAT1s and OAT3; thus, it may possess nephroprotective effects. This study was designed to investigate whether hydrochlorthiazide has nephroprotective effects on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty eight healthy adult male albino rats weighing 180-200g were utilized in this study for duration of 5weeks (35 days) treatment. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (7animals each). Group I: Negative control (orally given distilled water) by gavage tube; Group II: Rats orally received 600 mg/kg/day tenofovir disoproxil fumarate by gavage tube; Group III: Rats orally administered hydrochlorothiazide alone at a dose (10 mg/kg/day) by gavage tube, and Group IV: Rats orally administered hydrochlorothiazide at a dose (10 mg/kg/day) plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 600 mg/kg/day by gavage tube. On day 36 of the study, after euthanization of each animal by diethyl ether, 3-5ml of blood samples were collected from each rat by an intra-cardiac puncture, then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain serum, which was then transferred into suitable plain tubes and preserved at -20 °C; and it was utilized for the estimation of cystatin C and IL-10 level. Rats administered tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for 5 weeks (group II) produced a significant -elevation (P<0.05) in serum cystatin C level and –reduction in serum IL-10 levels compared to negative control group (group I); similarly,  administration of hydrochlorothiazide alone to rats (group III) produced a significant -elevation (P<0.05) in serum cystatin C level and –reduction in serum IL-10 levels compared to negative control group (group I); also, rats administered combination of hydrochlorothiazide plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to rats for 5 weeks (group IV) produced significant elevation (P<0.05) in serum level of cystatin C, and a significant reduction (P<0.05) in IL-10 serum level in treated rats compared to the corresponding levels of negative control animals (group I); beside that in (group IV) rats there were significant reduction (P<0.05) in serum level of both cystatin C, and IL-10 in treated rats compared to the corresponding levels compared to TDF-treated (group II). In conclusion, treatment with hydrochlorthiazide plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in an attempt to prevent nephrotoxicity induced by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is not attained.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective and Hematological Effects of Solanum melongena (Garden Egg), Solannum lycopersicum (Tomato) and Daucus carrots Subsp. Sativus (Carrot) Extracts against Lead Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Dennis Amaechi ◽  
I. P. Ekpe ◽  
E. D. Edet ◽  
M. C. Madu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background of the Study: Lead effects were assessed by analyzing the impacts of the extract on the liver enzyme concentrations and hematology parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty five male wistar rats weighing 85-110 g were distributed into five groups consisting of seven rats each. Group I served as control group, group II served as the test group, groups III, IV and V served as treatment groups. Lead acetate solution was given to the rats orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg of fruit extracts for 14 days. On day 15, biochemical analysis were carried out. Results: Effects of extracts showed that ALT,AST and ALP concentration in group II was observed to be significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control and treatment groups with values. The hematology results showed that lead did not cause a significant reduction in the packed cell volume, white blood cell and red blood cell counts. However, the group treated with carrot and garden egg showed slight increase in RBC and WBC count when compared with the positive and negative control groups. Conclusion: From the results above, it showed that the fruits extract have hematopoietic potentials and hence aid in the hepatoprotection of the liver of lead induced Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Effects on Liver Profile due to Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Somina on Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Aisha Azmat ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Limited research studies are reported regarding the toxicological effect of different herbal medicine already used in different countries. Objective: This research study was planned to examine the changes in liver (biochemical and histological) associated with oral administration of somina (acute and sub-acute) in rats. Methodology: Group– I served as control (saline), while other groups (II, III) were daily treated with somina at different doses of 0.285g/kg (group – II), 10g/kg/day (group – III), for 14 (set I), 21 (set II), and 30 (set III) consecutive days.  Each group contains 12 rats. During the study period, signs and behavioral changes, mortality, were observed. At the end of study period, blood sample was drawn directly from heart, for the estimation of liver enzymes: Bilirubin (BIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic pyruvic transferase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), Albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). The liver was carefully dichotomized, weighed, and further processed for histopathological analysis. Results: Herbal drug somina was claimed to be practically non-toxic as in rats no mortality was recorded after the oral administration of somina (14, 21 and 30 consecutive days). Liver profile showed non-significant changes in treated group- II and III (P > 0.05), as compared to the control (group- I). The histopathological examination did not reveal any deteriorative effect. Conclusion: It was concluded that oral administration of somina did not produce any significant detrimental effects on rat liver (biochemical and histopathological parameters), even at doses of 10g/kg/day indicating its safe use.

scholarly journals The effect of meniran herbs extract (Phyllantus niruri) to triglycerides blood level in wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
JUDO YUSTANTO KAHONO ◽  
KISRINI KISRINI ◽  
YUL MARIYAH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group Ii

Kahono JY, Kisrini, Mariyah Y. 2012. The effect of meniran herbs (Phyllantus niruri) extract to blood triglyceride level in rats. Biofarmasi 10: 23-27. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of meniran herbs (Phyllantus niruri L.) extract to blood triglycerides level in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This experiment was a laboratory experiment with pre and post-test with a control group design. The samples were 30 male Wistar rats with ±200 gram of body weight and ±2 months old. The samples were divided into five groups by using a purposive random sampling technique and each group consisted of six rats. Group I as a negative control, group II as a positive control, and groups III, IV and V as meniran herbs extract groups with first dose, second dose, and third dose. All rats were simultaneously given with hyperlipemic feed. Group II was simultaneously administered with Cholvastin 0.5 mg/200 grams body weight/day. Groups III, IV and V were simultaneously treated with meniran herbs extract at dose of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/200 grams body weight/day. The total period of this experiment was 21 days. At the day 1st and 21st, blood was collected from rat orbital venous plexus. Serum was analyzed for their pre and post-test blood triglycerides. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc test. The value of p=0.002 (p<0.05) showed there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in delta means of blood triglycerides level among groups. Meniran herbs extract had a significant triglycerides lowering effect against blood triglycerides level of Wistar rats. The most potential of meniran herbs extract dose was 100 mg/200 gram body weight/day.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SAUCE OF L. LEUCOCEPHALA SEEDS (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA [LAM.] DE WIT) ON LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE IN HYPERGLYCEMIC MICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Sarah Zaidan ◽  
Ria Debby Bp ◽  
Syamsudin Abdillah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

 Objective: The research to investigate that the source of Leucaena leucocephala can lower blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice.Methods: In this study, 42 mice were divided into 7 groups each consisted of 6 mice: Normal Group I, Group II (metformin positive control), Group III (negative control), Group IV (sauce of L. leucocephala at a dose of 0.1 ml), Group V (sauce of L. leucocephala at a dose of 0.2 ml), Group VI (sauce of L. leucocephala with doses of 0.4 ml), and Group VII (sauce of L. leucocephala at a dose of 0.8 ml). The dosage of Group II, IV, V, VI, and VII was orally administered. Blood glucose levels in mice were observed during normal conditions and after administration of 200 mg/kg bw alloxan intraperitoneally (alloxan-induced mice). On day 0, 3, 7, and 14, blood was taken from the tail and glucose levels were measured with a glucometer.Results: Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by LSD test. Based on the results, the sauce at a dose of 0.8 ml was able to lower the blood glucose levels up to normal blood glucose levels.Conclusion: There was not significantly different between the groups given sauce of L. leucocephala at a dose of 0.8 ml with the group given metformin (positive control).

scholarly journals Diffusion of calcium hydroxide through dentinal tubules of retreated root canals: An in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustafa ◽  
Wafa Hassan Alaajam ◽  
Ahmed Abdul Azeim ◽  
Najla Aedh Alfayi ◽  
Rahaif Misfer Alqobty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACTObjective: Studies about the dispersion of hydroxyl ions through dentin of endodontically retreated teeth are scarce. The present study aims at examining the diffusion of calcium hydroxide in vitro by recording the pH changes of retreated root canal using two types of calcium hydroxide preparations. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 recently extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars were collected and cleaned from calculus and remains of periodontal tissue. The teeth so collected were stored in thymol 10% solution till use. During collection, teeth with cracks, open apices, and restorations were excluded. Root canal preparations were performed using Protaper rotary system files, till #F3 file. All canals were obturated using cold lateral condensation and zinc oxide-based sealer. After 7 days, all gutta-percha were removed and the canals were irrigated with normal saline. The teeth were then randomly distributed into three groups. Canals in Group I were kept empty without any dressing to serve as a negative control group, Canals in Group II were filled with a freshly prepared mixture of calcium hydroxide powder with normal saline solution, and Group III was filled with Metapex. Periodically, the calcium hydroxide material was removed and the pH was measured using pH meter at 7, 10, 14, and 30 days. Results: The pH values of Group II and III ranged between 9.2 and 11.2. This was found to be highly significant against the negative control group. After 7 and 10 days, freshly mixed Ca(OH)2 showed the higher pH than the creamy Metapex, and statistically the difference was highly significant after 10 days (P<0.001). After 14 days, Metapex group pH was higher than freshly mixed Ca(OH)2, but it was not statistically significant as they reached nearly the same pH after 30 days (P>0.05). Conclusion: All Ca(OH)2 preparations had high pH around the roots after 7 and 10 days. Metapex continued to have higher pH after 14 days.

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