scholarly journals The Role of Hyperhomocysteinemia in the Pathogenesis of Thromboocclusive Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Ibragim Abdulganievich Yusupov ◽  
Mubarik Dziyaudinovna Akaeva ◽  
Natalia Yurievna Stepanova ◽  
Nikita Vladimirovich Slysarenko ◽  
Omar Ruslanovich Gaidarbekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Proteinogenic Amino Acid ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid that is an intermediate product of methionine metabolism. With excessive accumulation of homocysteine in the body, a state of hyperhomocysteinemia occurs, which has attracted the attention of doctors since the middle of the last century and received a serious impetus for research after the publication of data on the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of thromboocclusive diseases. To date, there are more than 7.5 thousand scientific papers devoted to the study of hyperhomocysteinemia, monothematic international conferences on clinical and therapeutic aspects of hypermonocysteinemia are held every year. In the Russian Federation, a detailed study of the role of homocysteine and its side effects in excess is of particular interest due to the prevalence of cardiovascular pathologies (according to statistics of the Ministry of Health of Russia-49.27% of deaths of Russians fall on this cohort of diseases). This is an important fact in Russian medicine, which deserves close attention from researchers and scientists.

Recent Advances in Obesity: The Role of Turmeric Tuber and Its Metabolites in the Prophylaxis and Therapeutical Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4837-4853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jarząb ◽  
Wirginia Kukula-Koch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Important Health ◽  
High Concern

Background: Obesity in the 21st century society became an important health problem, alarming both the scientists and medicine doctors around the world. That is why, the search for new drug candidates capable to reduce the body weight is of high concern. Objective: This contribution tends to collect current findings on the biochemistry of obesity and on the application of plants and in particular turmeric tuber – a commonly used spice - as an anti-obesity agent. Methods: Following an introduction on the biochemical characteristics of obesity, the description of Curcuma secondary metabolites, their pharmacological applications and a study on the plants’ regulatory properties in obesity was summarized. Particular attention was paid to curcumin – the major metabolite present in the extracts of Curcuma spp., which is known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions. Also, the characteristics of some semisynthetic analogues of this ferulic acid derivative, characterized by a higher polarity and better bioavailability will be discussed. Results: Numerous scientific papers treat on the influence of turmeric on weight loss. Additionally, some of them describe its anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusions: This important spice tends to fight the 21st century plague, which is an excessive weight gain, related to the development of metabolic syndrome, to the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and diabetes, and, in consequence, leading to a significant shortening of life span. As herein proven, the extracts of turmeric play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions which are evoked in the overweight patients, helping them reduce the excess body weight.

Autoprobiotics for personalized nutrition of school children

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
V.I. Ganina
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
Impaired Health ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect

According to the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, the health status of children and adolescents in the Russian Federation is characterized by the following indicators: more than half of school-age children have impaired health; two-thirds of children under 14 have chronic diseases; only 10-15 percent of graduates of general education institutions can be classified as healthy. In recent decades, with the development of nutrigenomics, the world community of scientists has come to understand the importance of the role of the microbiota in the human body and its relation with nutrition. Normal intestinal microbiota is involved in a variety of physiological functions of the body of school-age children: protective, digestive, detoxifying and anticarcinogenic, synthetic, genetic, immunogenic, metabolic, and others. Probiotic bacteria are one of the functional ingredients that have proven to have a positive effect on children's bodies. Methods of normoflora correction are proposed, aimed not only at restoring evolutionarily conditioned microbial populations, but also providing an effective impact on the individual organism.

scholarly journals Establishing the system of higher energetics education and science of Russian in domestic historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Arsen Rustemovich Pavlenko ◽  
Rakhimian Galimianovich Iusupov
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Energy Education ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article is devoted to the contemporary historiography of higher school for energetics in USSR and the Russian federation. The subject of this research is comprised of formation of modern scientific perceptions on emergence and development of Russian system of training energy personnel. The object of this research is the body of 1990s-2000s publications of historic and multidisciplinary profile on the contemporary history of higher energy education and university energetics in Russia. The goal of this research is to determine the main problematic vectors and theoretical approaches forming in the process of scientific research of this topic, as well as understanding of the results and further prospects of its development. The novelty of this research consists in determining, systematizing and analyzing the content of the body of historiographical sources on history of Russian energetics and education during XX and XXI centuries. The authors conclude that within the framework of this historiographical branch, there is a current scientific base that allows transitioning to a new level of discovery and theoretical generalization of materials. It seems relevant to transition from “milestone stories” of universities and departments to study of the role of higher education and academic science in the process of implementation of state energy policy in Russia, as well as development of international energy dialogue.

scholarly journals The Controversial Role of Homocysteine in Neurology: From Labs to Clinical Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Moretti ◽  
Paola Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is generated during methionine metabolism. Physiologic Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake and vitamin status. Elevated plasma levels of Hcy can be caused by deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folate. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) can be responsible of different systemic and neurological disease. Actually, HHcy has been considered as a risk factor for systemic atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and HHcy has been reported in many neurologic disorders including cognitive impairment and stroke, independent of long-recognized factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. HHcy is typically defined as levels >15 micromol/L. Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia with folic acid and B vitamins seems to be effective in the prevention of the development of atherosclerosis, CVD, and strokes. However, data from literature show controversial results regarding the significance of homocysteine as a risk factor for CVD and stroke and whether patients should be routinely screened for homocysteine. HHcy-induced oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases including atherosclerosis and stroke. The aim of our research is to review the possible role of HHcy in neurodegenerative disease and stroke and to understand its pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Russia — Strasbourg: 25 Years Later

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Valery Dmitrievich Zorkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Agreements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
European Court ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article summarizes the first results of interaction between Russia and the Council of Europe for 25 years and gives an assessment of their historical significance for the legal development of the country. The author convincingly shows that the Constitutional Court is a guide for the approaches of the Council of Europe bodies to human rights. It is especially noted that the legal positions of the European Court are based on the values generally accepted and shared in the countries of the Council of Europe, to the understanding of which the Russian Federation also contributes. The role of the transparent, predictable model for resolving legal conflicts that may arise between the norms of the Constitution and the interpretation of international agreements given by the body of supranational justice, enshrined in the new version of the Constitution, is separately emphasized.

scholarly journals The “Dialogue” Between Central and Peripheral Immunity After Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Spleen

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchen Yu ◽  
Yichen Cai ◽  
Aiqin Zhong ◽  
Yunsha Zhang ◽  
Junping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Intervention ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Immune Organ ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Peripheral Immune Response ◽  
The Brain

The immune response generated by the body after the incidence of ischemic stroke, runs through the comprehensive process of aftermath. During this process of ischemic stroke, the central neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response seriously affect the prognosis of patients, which has been the focus of research in recent years. As this research scenario progressed, the “dialogue” between central nervous inflammation and peripheral immune response after ischemic stroke has become more closely related. It’s worth noting that the spleen, as an important peripheral immune organ, plays a pivotal role in this dialogue. Multiple mechanisms have previously been reported for brain-spleen crosstalk after ischemic stroke. Further, neuroinflammation in the brain can affect the peripheral immune state by activating/inhibiting spleen function. However, the activation of the peripheral immune inflammatory response can work reversibly in the spleen. It further affects intracerebral neuroinflammation through the injured blood-brain barrier. Therefore, paying close attention to the role of spleen as the pivot between central and peripheral immunity in ischemic stroke may help to provide a new target for immune intervention in the treatment of ischemic stroke. In the present review, we reviewed the important role of spleen in central neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response after ischemic stroke. We summarized the relevant studies and reports on spleen as the target of immune intervention which can provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D in selected autoimmune diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wiśniewska ◽  
Alicja Szypowska
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The authors of recently published scientific papers are focusing increasingly often on the effect of vitamin D on immune processes. In the case of deficiencies of this vitamin, an imbalance in the immune system is observed, which is associated with the intensification of the inflammatory reaction in the body and the increased possibility of an autoimmune reaction. Therefore, due to the growing interest of scientists in the relationship between the effects of vitamin D and the development of autoimmune diseases, this paper considers the use of Vitamin D in autoimmune therapies. However, the mechanism of vitamin D on individual autoimmune diseases has not been elucidated so far, therefore there is a need for further research. The importance of maintaining normal plasma vitamin D levels to reduce the risk of developing autoimmune diseases has been demonstrated by the authors of other studies. They showed that vitamin D levels influenced the course, severity of symptoms and frequency of relapses of autoimmune thyroid disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Role of methionine in the correction of oxidative stress with increased physical exertion

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
A. Khisamova ◽  
O. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Methionine is an indispensable sulfur-containing amino acid that is involved in processes unique to the body: initiation of protein synthesis; methylation process, an adenosine residue is attached to methionine and S-adenosylmethionine is formed; as a result of metabolic reactions, this methyl group is transferred to a number of substrates. In this case, adrenaline, melatonin, creatine, and other amino acids are formed. This article contains a literature review of articles that prove the antioxidant properties of methionine on the cell and the body as a whole. A large amount of literature and databases, such as Pubmed, Google.Scholar, Embase, have been worked out to search for information.

scholarly journals The History of parliamentarism as viewed by contemporary researchers. Review of Tauride Readings 2019. The current problems of parliamentarism: history and modernity. International scientific conference, St Petersburg, the Tauride Palace, December 5–6, 2019: collected scientific papers: 2 pts., edited by A.B. Nikolaev. St Petersburg: Asterion, 2020.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-986
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Ivanov ◽  
Yaroslav O. Bol'shakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Cis Countries

The review analyzes the collected materials from the 13th International Scientific Conference “The Current Problems of Parliamentarism: History and Modernity” (Tauride Readings 2019). Most of the papers in the collection cover various aspects of the activities of the parliament of the Russian Empire. Some of the materials touch on the issues of the current situation in the people’s representation in the Russian Federation and the CIS countries as well as important aspects of the history of foreign parliamentarism. The review considers the key articles of the collection and notes the role of the published proceedings of the conference discussion platforms. It is concluded that the collection under review is of great relevance for studying history, theory, and practice of Russian and foreign parliamentarism.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

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