scholarly journals Comparative Intraocular Pressure Study among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Asadullah Jatoi ◽  
Noman Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Mona Liza Mahesar
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
The Difference

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health issues in the world. Its microvascular complications contribute to ocular complications including increased intraocular pressure (IOP) which is a risk factor of glaucoma. Identification of factors responsible for glaucoma is a mainstay in the early detection and prevention of blindness. Aim and Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare IOP among diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to assess the correlation between age and IOP. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed on 104 participants. Patients were divided into two groups based on diabetes (case, n = 52) and non-diabetes (control, n = 52). The detailed history and routine clinical investigations were performed. Three consecutive readings of IOP of the left and right eye were recorded separately using Goldmann applanation tonometer. Wilcox sign-rank test and Spearman-correlation test was used to find the difference between the IOP and correlation between age and IOP, respectively. Results: A significantly higher IOP was observed in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. (0.0001). There was no sex difference in IOP was observed in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Age of the patient was not correlated with IOP (r = –0.02197219, P = 0.824). Conclusion: Diabetic patients are prone to higher IOP; therefore, diabetic patients should be regularly assessed for IOP for diagnosis glaucoma.

scholarly journals Study of Thyroid Function Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Kamrunnahar Alo ◽  
Shyamal Chandra Banik ◽  
Safayet Ahammed ◽  
Ayesha Yasmin ◽  
Tania Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Thyroid dysfunction specially hypothyroidism may occur in type 2 diabetic patients. Objective: To observe thyroid function status in type 2 diabetic patients Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017. Total 60 subjects including male and female, age ranged from 40 to 60 years were included in this study, among them 30 were non-diabetic subjects and 30 were type 2 diabetic patients. Results: In this study, mean serum TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher and serum FT4 level was significantly (p<0.01) lower in diabetic patients than that of apparently healthy non-diabetic subjects. Serum FT3 level was lower in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison to that of non-diabetic subjects but the difference was not statistically significant. However, among the diabetic patients 10% were subclinical hypothyroid and 6.67% were hypothyroid Conclusion: The present study reveals that hypothyroidism occurs in type 2 diabetic patients. So type 2 diabetic patients should measure thyroid hormone levels routinely to detect thyroid dysfunction. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-2, July 2019, Page 95-98

The Correlation Between the Vitamin D Level and Glycemic Control Status Among Diabetic Patients - A Clinical Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Alqahtani ◽  
Eisa Ghazwani ◽  
Awad Alqahtani ◽  
Mohammed Helaly
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Hba1c ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and coexisted with diabetes. However, the relation between Vitamin D level and glycemic control is not yet fully understood. This study examines the correlation between vitamin D level and glycemia indicators and diabetic microvascular complications.Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study, had been done at the outpatient department in Najran university hospital, Saudi Arabia from May 2019 to February 2020. 220 patients recruited by simple random sampling.Results: 60% of diabetes (n-130) had been using oral anti-glycemic medications, though most of them had uncontrolled glycemic status and had got microvascular complications. It is notable that among diabetes having a low vitamin D level; 55.5% had high FBS, 45.6% had high RBS and 65% had high HBA1C. Besides,17% have retinopathy, 16.6% have nephropathy, 26.2% have peripheral neuropathy and 1.9% have a diabetic foot.Conclusion: The clinical and laboratory assessments are essential to control the glycemic state in diabetes. The study noted that an inverse relationship between the level of vitamin D with blood sugar levels and diabetic microvascular complications. To assure the feasibility of the prediction of vitamin D level in assessing the progress of diabetes further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Level of VEGF-A and interleukin 6 in lacrimal fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-673
Author(s):  
Christelle Domngang ◽  
Armelle Lowe Noutchie ◽  
Pascal Djamen Chuisseu ◽  
Freddy Nemg Simo ◽  
Borris Tietche Galani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular manifestation characterized by microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and two lacrimal angiogenic cytokines, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). A cross-sectional study was conducted at Yaoundé Central Hospital from February,1 to June, 15, 2019. Twenty-six diabetic patients with retinopathy and 55 diabetics without retinopathy were enrolled. Tears were collected with Schirmer strips. The concentrations of VEGF-A and Il-6 were determined by the ELISA test. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Data version 7.1.5.2. and GraphPad 5.0. The mean VEGF-A concentration was 163.4 ± 45.1 and 149± 81.8 pg/ml in patients with and without DR respectively (p= 0.292) while tear Il-6 level was 118.5±103 and 119±79.43 pg/ml in patients with and without DR respectively (p= 0.497). The mean tear VEGF level was 165.2 ± 76.10 and 153.50 ± 57.94 pg/mL in patients with and without diabetic maculopathy (DM) respectively (p=0.343) while tear Il-6 level was significantly lower in DM (54.92±32.68) compared to patients without DM (159.10±89.78) (p=0.047). Tear Il-6 level was significantly low in patients with DM. There was no association between the 2 lacrimal biomarkers and diabetic retinopathy. Further analysis is needed for this type of screening in diabetic patients.Keywords: eye, retina, tear, diabetes, biomarker; cytokine.

scholarly journals Comparative study of intraocular pressure (IP) in Bangladeshi individuals by contact and non contact technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Sayed Abdul Wadud ◽  
Md. Sharfuddin Ahmad ◽  
Muntasir Bin Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most important parameters in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Glaucoma has been established as the second leading cause of blindness. The treatment of glaucoma focuses mainly on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). The target IOP is often set to a level 20% to 30% of IOP reduction, and consequent large IOP reduction beyond 30% or even 40% in cases of advanced glaucoma The different methods of tonometery are: Goldman Applanation tonometery, Noncontact (air-puff) tonometery, Perkins tonometery, Tonopen tonometery, Transpalpebral tonometery.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the frequency of accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by non-contact (air puff) tonometer compared with Goldmann applanation tonometer.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a non-interventional, cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre of Dhaka, Bangladesh. consecutive subjects attending the BSMMU eye OPD were included in the study. IOP was measured by non-contact (air puff) tonometer and a slit lamp mounted GAT in all the subjects. The study samples were selected by convenience sampling who presented for check-up in the Eye Department of community ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Bangladesh. Results:A total of 120 eyes in 60 patients were studied. The mean age of the patients was 41.60 year. study population consisted of 24 (40 %) men and 36 (60 %) women. The mean intraocular pressure was 13.52 &amp;13.72 mmHg for GAT, and 16.64 &amp; 17.44 mmHg for Air puff respectively. The range of measurements by GAT was from 10 to 23 mmHg and by Air puff was 12 to 28mmHg. The difference between IOP measured by two instruments were statistically significant (p=0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Airpuff tonometer is quick, a non-contact method to measure intraocular pressure and is useful for screening purposes and postoperative case but the measurements should be confirmed with Goldmann applanation tonometer for accurate labelling of intraocular pressure.</p>

scholarly journals Nonadherence and Contributing Factors among Ambulatory Patients with Antidiabetic Medications in Adama Referral Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belayneh Kefale Gelaw ◽  
Abdela Mohammed ◽  
Gobezie Temesgen Tegegne ◽  
Amsalu Degu Defersha ◽  
Muluneh Fromsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of nonadherence and its contributing factors among diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic in Adama Hospital.Methods.This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes mellitus clinic of Adama Referral Hospital. Every other patient was selected and data regarding their medication adherence was collected using a structured interview. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-16.Result.The response rate from this study was 98.3%. A total of 270 patients were interviewed; 51.5% were males. A total of 68.1% of the patients included in the study were married. 14% were younger than 40 years, and 50% were between 40 and 60 years. 21.8% of the participants ascribed their nonadherence to forgetting to take their medications. Patients with duration of diabetes≤5 years (82.07%) were more compliant to their medication than those with>5 years (60.8%), which was found to be statistically significant(P=0.003). Insulin, 47%, and glibenclamide plus metformin, 43.7%, were the most commonly prescribed mono- and combination therapies, respectively. Common comorbid conditions include hypertension, 148 (54.82%), and visual impairment, 89 (32.96%). The proportion of male patients adherent to their antidiabetic medications was found to be lower than 69.78% compared to the female patients (74.81%), but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion.Most diabetic patients are currently being managed with the most effective available drugs. However the result from this study indicates that the desired blood sugar level could not be controlled and maintained adequately. This was because of poor adherence to the prescribed drug regimen and poor knowledge and practice of successful self-management.

scholarly journals Systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, a harbinger of microvascular complications: A cross-sectional study from North India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 147916412094413
Author(s):  
Shankar Roy ◽  
Ravi Kant ◽  
Barun Kumar ◽  
Meenakshi Khapre ◽  
Mukesh Bairwa
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Strain Echocardiography

Objective: The primary objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of sub-clinical left ventricular dysfunction among asymptomatic diabetic patients, while the secondary objectives were to determine its association with microvascular complications and to find correlation with the baseline clinical and demographic parameters. Material and methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 226 type 2 diabetic patients who did not have any diagnosed cardiac disease, baseline ECG abnormality or cardiac symptoms. Two-dimensional strain echocardiography was performed to estimate the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction by measuring global longitudinal strain rate (cutoff < 18). Its association with microvascular complications was analysed with SPSS 23 software. Other baseline clinical parameters and demographic profile were also analysed. Result: Among 226 patients (151 males, 75 females), cardiac abnormality was found in 29.2% patients. Diabetic microvascular complications (e.g. neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy) were strongly associated with it (each with p < 0.0001) in addition to dyslipidaemia, history of hypertension, higher body mass index and poor glycaemic parameters. Among them, proteinuria showed a linear inverse relationship without any specific cutoff value. Conclusion: It was found that sub-clinical left ventricular dysfunction was found in significantly high proportion among patients with microvascular complications. Hence, routine screening of all diabetics for such complications and subsequently high-risk patients undergoing strain echocardiography can be a very cost-effective diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic modality.

scholarly journals Cross sectional study of microalbuminuria, C-peptide and fundal changes in pre-diabetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Prasanna Venkatesh ◽  
Jayasingh K. ◽  
Srikanth K. ◽  
Siva R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Written Informed Consent ◽  
Delay Progression

Background: Pre-diabetes is a mounting health problem occurring worldwide. Microvascular complications are prone to occur during this stage. Early diagnosis and treatment delay progression to diabetes mellitus and microvascular complications. Aims and objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria, c-peptide and fundal changes in pre-diabetics.Methods: 125 pre-diabetic patients those who visited MGMCRI General Medicine OPD and admitted in wards were taken into the study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria and after obtaining written informed consent. All those study patient’s urine and blood sample were sent for analysis of microalbuminuria and C-peptide respectively. Fundus was examined for retinopathic changes.Results: Among 125 prediabetic participants, prevalence of microalbuminuria was 12.8%, c-peptide levels was elevated in 46.4 %, but none of the study participants had fundal diabetic retinopathy changes.Conclusions: The microvascular complications like microalbuminuria starts in the pre-diabetic stage itself. Prevalence of increased c-peptide levels and microalbuminuria was more in individuals who had both IFG and IGT. Elevated C peptide level and microalbuminuria were found to appear much earlier than retinopathy in prediabetes. Hence its use can enhance for early diagnosis of prediabetes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fetal Nuchal Fold Thickness Measurements by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography (3DXI Multislice View)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo da Silva Valladão de Freitas ◽  
Fernanda Silveira de Bello Barros ◽  
Rômulo Negrini ◽  
Luiz Cláudio de Silva Bussamra ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
3D Ultrasonography ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Purpose. To compare the measurements of fetal nuchal fold (NF) thickness by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography using the three-dimensional extended imaging (3DXI).Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed with 60 healthy pregnant women with a gestational age between 16 and 20 weeks and 6 days. The 2D-NF measurements were made as the distance from the outer skull bone to the outer skin surface in the transverse axial image in the suboccipital-bregmatic plane of the head. For the 3D we employed the 3DXI multislice view software, in which3×2tomographic planes was displayed on the screen and the distance between the tomographic slices was 0.5 mm. Maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation were calculated for 2D and 3D ultrasonography, as well the maximum and minimum, mean, and standard deviation for the difference between both methods. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the two different techniques.Results. 2D-NF showed a mean of thickness of3.52±0.95 mm (1.69–7.14). The mean of 3D-NF was3.90±1.02 mm (2.13–7.72). The mean difference between the methods was 0.38 mm, with a maximum difference of 3.12 mm.Conclusion. The NF thickness measurements obtained by 3D ultrasonography were significantly larger than those detected with 2D ultrasonography.

Empirical Study Outcome of Augmented Reality Technology for Solving Engineering Problems in UNITEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-193
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology ◽  
The Difference

In this chapter, the preferences of UNITEN students in using augmented reality technology user interface applications to solve selected engineering problems are compared. Cross sectional study design and Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test approach were adopted to analyze the difference in the rankings of the engineering applications. Within a controlled environment, this research further applies “trials within the same session but with breaks between tasks,” an affirmed reliable method in measuring learnability that has been rarely explored by any related works locally. The results were captured through descriptive statistical analysis. The findings provided reliable evidences that multiple function user interface (MFIT) is more effective than the tangible user interface (TUI) for engineering students. Simultaneously, this research also presents evidences that MFIT is better than TUI in the engineering problem solving statistically.

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