scholarly journals Nocturnal Enuresis in Primary Schools Children (6-12 Years) of Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Omaima Tawfiq Alomani ◽  
Tahani Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Regardless of the significance and the disturbing magnitudes of NE, this problem remains under-reported in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia and comprehensive studies in this regard are considerably lacking in that region. This study aimed to discuss the prevalence and associated risk factors of NE among children in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross sectional study design was adopted in Tabuk, KSA using a self-administered questionnaire for data collection distributed online on social media sites to be filled out personally. All data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The study included 431 participants. (37.4%) of children aged between six and seven years old, (32.7%) between eight and nine years old, and (17.2%) between ten and twelve years old. (58.9%) of children were males and (41.1%) females. Average frequency various from (53.8%) one time to two times per week, (31.3%) three times to four times per week, (14.8% five times to seven times per week. Enuresis was at night only in (77.5%) while (22.5%) at day or night. (64.5%) don’t seek to medical advice, while (35.5%) getting medical advice. (48.5%) of children getting behavioral therapy to treat this condition, (15.8%) exercise to strengthen bladder muscles, (14.6%) getting medical treatment, (10%) getting urination alarm, (0.5%) doing surgical intervention. There was a significant relationship between frequency per week of enuresis with mother educational level, number of family member, age of child (6-7) years old, sex of child (female), family history of nocturnal enuresis and delayed growth. Also, there was a significant relation between timing of enuresis during night or day and night with parents suffering from nocturnal enuresis, father’s education level, mother’s education level, and caring of parents to awaken the child. Conclusion: Nocturnal enuresis associated factors and parenteral knowledge of definition and causes of it were among universal reported figures. Referral to a pediatric urologist can be indicated for children with primary enuresis refractory to standard and combination therapies, and for children with some secondary causes of enuresis, including urinary tract malformations, recurrent urinary tract infections, or neurologic disorders.

scholarly journals The Causative Organism of Urinary Tract Infections UTI: a Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Hospital In Saudi Arabia

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alwaladali ◽  
Maya Talal Soufan ◽  
Bandar Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common disease with a high burden on the healthcare industry. A systematic exploration is necessary of the organisms that cause UTIs, to improve empirical management of patients with acute illness before culture results are obtained. The prevalence of these organisms, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in Saudi Arabia, needs further clarification. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis reviewing the charts of patients visiting the emergency department of, and those admitted to, a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia during the month of July-August 2021. RESULT: The total number of participants was 199, with a mean age of 55.8 years (SD=20.02), ranging from 14 to 97 years. 61.8% of patients were immunocompromised, and one-third were from the oncology wards. 40.7% (n=81) were diabetics and 8.54% (n=17) had CKD/ESRD. Females were 25% more likely than males to acquire Candida infections, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 26.7% more prevalent in males. Nevertheless, mixed gram-negative bacteria caused the most UTIs, in 40.20% (n=80) of cases, followed by Candida, 16.1% (n=32), and then mixed gram-positive bacteria, in 14.57% (n=29). This was also observed among immunocompromised patients and the subsegment of oncology patients on active chemotherapy, although with variable percentages. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that patients’ immune status is the main determinant of the causative organism of UTIs. The treatment threshold for Candida in diabetic patients and those with CKD/ESRD should be lower, especially when they require admission.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection Specimens at a Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Md. Afzal Hossain ◽  
Shirin Mohal ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is very important information before prescribing to the urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the sensitivity pattern of the Gram-Negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infection to various antibiotics as well as to know the prevalence rate of Ciprofloxacin resistance. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in a specialized hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January’2006 to June’2006 for over a period of six months. The Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were isolated from clinical specimens of UTIs and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Isolates with resistance or with a decreased susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin (20 mm) were than screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using the E-test. Results: Out of 510 GNB, 97(19%) isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin. The MIC of these isolates ranged from 4 to 32µg/ml. Most of the Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were from urinary tract infections (UTI) of hospital patients both (indoor & outdoor). The Ciprofloxacin resistance was also closely associated with multi-drug resistance, thus limiting the treatment options. Conclusion: The considerably high MIC values for Ciprofloxacin in this study reflected the extent of the treatment problems for these resistant isolates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v11i1.19395

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms causing Urinary Tract Infections in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Wael Mansy ◽  
Sultan AlGhadeer ◽  
Abdulrahman Alnuaim ◽  
Abdullah Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is one of the most common infections worldwide. UTIs remain a challenge to the healthcare system because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study is to report the most common UTI-causative organisms associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: a retrospective cross sectional study of 1918 positive urine culture samples of both gender collected over 9 months (May 2015 to February 2016) from a major tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: the median age of individuals involved in the study was 43 years, with males constituting 27.7% only of the population. Among cases deemed complicated (81.1%), common causes were diabetes, pregnancy, and immunocompromization, comprising 24.7%, 11.9%, and 10.8%, respectively.  Escherichia coli (52%) was the most common uropathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%) Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) (7%), and Enterococcus faecalis (5%). Overall sensitivity studies showed the most highly resistant uropathogen was Escherichia coli (60%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%) Enterococcus faecalis (3%), and Enterobacter cloacae (2%). Concerning the first defense antibiotics prescribed for UTI, E. coli was most frequently resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (47%) followed by ciprofloxacin (34%). K. pneumoniae was most frequently resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (35%) followed by cefuroxime (30%), while P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin (13%). Conclusion: Because of a high level of antimicrobial resistance amongst uropathogens in Saudi Arabia, the development of regional and national UTI guidelines is recommended.

scholarly journals Patterns of infections and antimicrobial drugs’ prescribing among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Baraka ◽  
Lina Hussain AlLehaibi ◽  
Hind Nasser AlSuwaidan ◽  
Duaa Alsulaiman ◽  
Md. Ashraful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Categorization System ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Antimicrobial agents are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in pregnancy due to the increased susceptibility to infections during pregnancy. Antimicrobials can contribute to different maternal complications. Therefore, it is important to study their patterns in prescription and utilization. The data regarding this issue is scarce in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to generate data on the antimicrobial agents that are most commonly prescribed during pregnancy as well as their indications and safety. Methods This is a retrospective study focusing on pregnant women with a known antimicrobial use at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH). The sample included 344 pregnant women with a total of 688 antimicrobial agents prescribed. Data was collected on the proportion of pregnant women who received antimicrobial agents and on the drug safety during pregnancy using the risk categorization system of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Results The results showed that urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most reported (59%) infectious diseases. Around 48% of pregnant women received antimicrobial medications at some point during pregnancy. The top two antimicrobial agents based on prescription frequency were B-lactams (44.6%) and azole anti-fungals (30%). The prescribed drugs in the study were found to be from classes B, C and D under the FDA risk classification system. Conclusion The study revealed a high proportion of antimicrobials prescribed during pregnancy that might pose risks to mothers and their fetuses. Future multicenter studies are warranted to evaluate the rational prescription of antimicrobial medications during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Adherence to guideline recommendations for urinary tract infections in adult women: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian Lelie- van der Zande ◽  
Marcel Bouvy ◽  
Martina Teichert
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Febrile Uti ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Aim: To study whether changes in drug preferences in the Dutch guideline for the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) for General Practitioners (GPs) in 2013, resulted in corresponding changes in antibiotic dispensing. Background: For the treatment of uncomplicated UTI, nitrofurantoin remained the first choice, while fosfomycin became the second choice and changed ranks with trimethoprim. For a subsequent febrile UTI, ciprofloxacin became the first choice and changed ranks with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, co-trimoxazole remained the third choice. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, routinely collected dispensing data from the Dutch Foundation of Pharmaceutical Statistics from 2012 to 2017 were used. The number of women 18 years and older, treated with one of the guideline antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI were analysed annually. Proportions were calculated. Data were stratified for age categories. Failure of uncomplicated UTI treatment was defined as the dispensing of an antibiotic for febrile UTI within 14 days after the dispensing of an antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI. Findings: Data were available from 81% of all pharmacies in 2012 to 89% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed nitrofurantoin were relatively stable with 87.4% in 2012 and 84.4% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 5.4% in 2012 to 21.8% in 2017, whereas percentages of women dispensed trimethoprim decreased from 17.8% to 8.0%. Within age categories, the percentage of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 12.4% in women 18–30 years old to 36.7% in women above 80 years old. Percentages of women dispensed antibiotics for febrile UTI remained stable at 5% annually. Percentages of women receiving ciprofloxacin increased from 1.9% in 2012 to 3.3% in 2017, while those receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased from 2.9% to 1.8%. New guideline recommendations resulted in corresponding changes in dispensed antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI. Drug choices differed for age categories.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽  
Shreejeet Shrestha ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Anita Thapa ◽  
Parbati Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females.  The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

scholarly journals Identifying women’s preferences for treatment of urinary tract infection: a discrete choice experiment

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e049916
Author(s):  
Henk van der Worp ◽  
Daan Brandenbarg ◽  
Pieter A Boek ◽  
Jort H W Braams ◽  
Leon J F Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Symptom Resolution ◽  
Tract Infections

ObjectiveTo identify the preferences of women regarding management of urinary tract infections (UTIs).DesignA discrete choice experiment of the preferences for certain treatment attributes was conducted by survey. Attributes included treatment duration, time to complaint resolution, complication risk, side effect risk and contribution to antimicrobial resistance.SettingGeneral population in the Netherlands, recruited via social media.ParticipantsWomen aged 18 years or older.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the relative importance of the attributes for treatment choice, using a conditional logit model. The secondary outcome was the heterogeneity in these preferences.ResultsThe discrete choice experiment was completed by 833 women. Most attributes were important to decisions for UTI treatment. Women were willing to accept management with, for example, a higher chance of complications or longer time to resolution, if it could help avoid antimicrobial resistance. However, there was heterogeneity in the preferences. Women who had one previous UTI had a stronger preference for faster symptom resolution compared with those who had no previous UTI. Younger women also preferred faster symptom resolution. Finally, women with a low or middle education level gave less importance to preventing antimicrobial resistance than women with a high education level.ConclusionsThe current study indicated that a considerable part of women valued alternatives to antimicrobial treatment and were prepared to tolerate management that was less optimal in certain respects to avoid antimicrobial treatment.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among Patients attending Kam Medical Consult Clinic, Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gerald Turyatunga
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: A urinary tract infection (UTIs) is a common type of infection caused by bacteria that travel up the urethra to the bladder. Globally, it is reported that 150 million people are diagnosed with a UTI annually, costing the world economy over 6 million US dollars in treatment and work loss. Studies conducted in the in-patients pediatric ward of Muhimbili Hospital in Tanzania and Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between five to ten years reported the prevalence of UTI to be 16.8% and 14.6% respectively. On average at Kam Medical Consult Clinic, patients who turn up in the laboratory are about 20%, and 50% of patients present with recurring UTIs clinically. Therefore,  there is a need to establish and investigate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens associated with UTI and multiple pathogens that are not known. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out at Kam medical consult clinic (KMCC) located in Kafeero zone Mulago II Kawempe division. The study population was adults and children presenting with symptoms of urinary tract infection. 120 Midstream urine Samples were collected from patients presenting clinical signs of UTI. The diagnosis was done through macroscopy dry chemistry, microscopy, and culture. Results Among the sampled population, 33% of males had urinary tract infections while 67% of females had urinary tract infections.  88.5% were outpatients while 11.5 % were in-patients The overall prevalence of UTI among patients was 63.3% with children aged (1-10) having a prevalence of 5.8 %. Conclusion and recommendation: E.coli is an etiological agent causing UTIs in male and female patients presenting UTI at Kam Medical Consult Clinic. Other etiological agents included Klebsiella, Coliform, Enterococcus species, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas species, and candida species. There is a need to monitor the profile of etiological bacteria of UTI through culture and sensitivity regularly. 

scholarly journals Clinical, Epidemiological and Bacteriological Profile of Culture Positive Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Children – A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 522-526
Author(s):  
Bhavani Shankar Rokkam ◽  
Chowdary Babu Menni ◽  
Ramu Pedada ◽  
Deepak Kumar Alikana
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI) constitute a common cause of morbidity in infants and children. When associated with abnormalities of urinary tract, they may lead to long-term complications including renal scarring, loss of function and hypertension. Most urinary tract infections remain undiagnosed if investigations are not routinely performed to detect them. Prompt detection and treatment of urinary tract infections and any complicating factors are important. The objective of the study is to know the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile (i.e. clinical signs and symptoms, age, sex, family history, associated urinary tract abnormalities, & causative organisms) of urinary tract infections in febrile children with culture positive urinary tract infection. METHODS This descriptive, cross sectional observational study was conducted at outpatient clinics of our “child health clinics” between May 2016 and April 2017 (one year). All children aged 0 to 12 years with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile. RESULTS A total of 69 children with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study. Out of 69 children included in this study, 36 (52.2 %) were females and 33 (47.8 %) were males. Overall female preponderance was seen and the M: F ratio was 0.9:1. But during first year of life in our study group we had more boys (10, 14.49 %) affected with urinary tract infection than girls. 49.3 % of urinary tract infections in the present study belonged to lower socio-economic status. Most common organism causing urinary tract infection in our group was E. coli (56.5 %). Fever (100 %), anorexia or refusal of feeds (52.2 %), dysuria (46.4 %), vomiting (46.4 %) and abdominal pain (39.1 %) were the predominant clinical manifestations observed in our study. CONCLUSIONS Urinary tract infection is a common medical problem in children and it should be considered as a potential cause of fever in children. As febrile children with urinary tract infection usually present with non-specific signs and symptoms, urine culture should be considered as a part of diagnostic evaluation. KEYWORDS Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Febrile Children, Bacteriological Profile, Urine Culture

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