scholarly journals Analysis of Antimicrobial Properties of Some Ethnomedicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Abha Vashistha ◽  
Soni Chaubey
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Plant Parts

The world is suffering through large number of diseases which are primarily caused by the microbes, though it is bacteria, fungi, viruses or protozoans. The inappropriate, prolonged use of antibiotics and loss of biodiversity and climate change is leading to the invasion of microbes in the human population, because of which every individual on the earth is suffering from diseases caused by microorganisms. In current scenario it is the prerequisite to screen the effective, safe, cheap, and available therapeutics from plants and natural products. Plant parts of sixteen medicinal plant species such as Aegle marmelos, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Cassia fistula, Catharanths roseus, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus, Mentha piperita,   Nerium oleander, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera and Zingiber officinale  with high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and fungus Aspergillus niger were extracted with aqueous, ethanol and acetone and with the help of well diffusion method minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined. Out of three solvent phases, ethanol extract showed the highest inhibition against the microbes, where as the efficacy of most of the aqueous and acetone plant extracts were also confirmed as antimicrobial agent and their use as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-Microbial Activities of Turmeric and Ginger on Bacterial Isolates of Normal Skin Flora

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Barisi Samuel-Penu ◽  
Sordum Catherine Baridakara
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis

The antimicrobial activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric) was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. Different bacterial genera (Staphylococcus Epidermis and Bacillus Sp) which were isolated from the human skin were used as the test isolates. Ginger and turmeric extracted in two different solvents, ethanol and water. Different concentrations of the extracts were prepared and directly applied against bacterial genera to reveal their antimicrobial activity. Ethanol extracts of ginger and turmeric showed greater inhibitory effect against selected Staphylococcus epidermis and Bacillus sp followed by the water extract which had the least inhibitory property. Among the two extracts, ethanol extract of ginger made higher zone of inhibition than turmeric. The overuse of this herbs should be discouraged as they could reduce the microflora of the skin thereby exposing the skin to colonization by pathogens.

scholarly journals Antifungal activities of the rhizome extract of five member Zingiberaceae against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Evy Prastiyanto ◽  
NI’MATUR ROHMAH ◽  
LESITA EFENDI ◽  
RAHMATIA ARIFIN ◽  
FANDHI ADI WARDOYO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Rohmah N, Efendi L, Arifin R, Wardoyo FA, Wilson W, Mukaromah AH, Dewi SS, Darmawati S. 2021. Antifungal activities of the rhizome extract of five member Zingiberaceae against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Biodiversitas 22: 1509-1513. Fungal infections have now become serious health issues. One of the strategies to avoid the problems of fungal infections is by using natural product from plants that are effective against many human pathogenic fungi. The study portrayed the use of the extracts of plant rhizomes as the alternatives to fight against number of human pathogenic fungi. This research aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of crude ethanol extract of five member of the family Zingiberaceae (Curcuma longa, Alpinia galanga Zingiber officinale. var. rubrum, Zingiber officinale var. officinarum and Zingiber officinale var. amarum), which are widely used as folk medicines against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Crude ethanol extracts of five members of Zingiberaceae were evaluated for their antifungal activities and the results were calculated based on the zones of inhibition using the diffusion method. The extract showed antifungal activity against Candida. albicans in the agar well diffusion assay (10.2-27.1 mm inhibition diameter) and against T. rubrum (27.3-44.3 mm inhibition diameter). The data have revealed that all rhizomes have the potential to be developed as antifungal agents, particularly against C. albicans and T. rubrum. Studies on the antifungal activity against yeast-like (C. albicans) and filamentous (T. rubrum) can provide new information about the benefits of members Zingiberaceae as a source of natural antifungal. Researchers can select the type of rhizome that has more potential for further extraction to obtain pure compounds that can be used as antifungals.

scholarly journals WS-5 Extract of Curcuma longa, Chaenomeles sinensis, and Zingiber officinale Contains Anti-AChE Compounds and Improves β-Amyloid-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Eun Kim ◽  
Abinash Chandra Shrestha ◽  
Hyo Shin Kim ◽  
Ha Neul Ham ◽  
Jun Hyeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Chaenomeles Sinensis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to an extensive neuron loss via accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) as senile plaques associated with reactive astrocytes and microglial activation in the brain. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect of WS-5 ethanol extract in vitro and in vivo against Aβ-induced AD in mice and to identify the extract’s active constituents. In the present study, WS-5 exerted a significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that WS-5 prevented Aβ oligomerization via inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation. Evaluation of antioxidant activities using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) demonstrated that WS-5 possessed a high antioxidant activity, which was confirmed by measuring the total antioxidant status (TAS). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of WS-5 were examined using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. WS-5 significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide–induced production of nitric oxide and two proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. The memory impairment in mice with Aβ-induced AD was studied using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Immunohistochemistry was performed to monitor pathological changes in the hippocampus and cortex region of the mouse brain. The animal study showed that WS-5 (250 mg/kg) treatment improved learning and suppressed memory impairment as well as reduced Aβ plaque accumulation in Aβ-induced AD. HPLC analysis identified the extract’s active compounds that exert anti-AChE activity. In summary, our findings suggest that WS-5 could be applied as a natural product therapy with a focus on neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma longa L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Lia Fikayuniar ◽  
Neni Sri Gunarti ◽  
Mellya Apriliani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Disk

ABSTRAK Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang termasuk dalam keluarga Zingiberaceae. Senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) mampu bekerja sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara refluks menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi paper disk dengan masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% b/v. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Ciprofloxacin sedangkan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin dan terpenoid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan konsentrasi 40% merupakan konsentrasi yang memberikan diameter zona hambat terbesar terhadap kedua bakteri uji yaitu 8,63 mm dan 7,8 mm. Kata Kunci : aktivitas antibakteri, Curcuma longa L., Staphylococcus aureus,    ABSTRACT Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one type of medicinal plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The active compounds contained in the Curcuma longa L. rhizome can work as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Curcuma longa L. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the paper disk diffusion method with each extract concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%. The positive control used was Ciprofloxacin while the negative control used was DMSO. The results of phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizome contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and terpenoids. Based on the results of the study, the ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 40% concentrations which give the largest inhibition zone diameter of the two test bacteria which is 8.63 mm and 7.8 mm. Keywords: antibacterial activity, Curcuma longa L., Staphylococcus aureus,  

scholarly journals Elucidating Anti-Acne Properties of a Novel Herbal Moisturizer

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafeez ◽  
Shmmon Ahmad ◽  
Anmar Al- Taie
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Dermatological Condition

Acne vulgaris is most common dermatological condition that affects more than 70% of teenagers and more than 10% of adults. The moisture content of human skin makes it appear young and primary function of moisturizer is to avoid the dehydration by preventing the moisture loss. Natural therapies are more suitable and they are more reliable with less or no side effects. The current research focused on the use of herbs for treating acne vulgaris as a moisturizer. This research focused on the use of Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, and Ocimum sanctum to prepare the formulation, Azadiracta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa possessed the significant capability for inhibiting acne. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium by disc diffusion method. Prepared formulations were tested for physical parameters such as pH, spreadability, viscosity and color. Formulation studies was found to optimum for all parameters. The study showed the anti-acne moisturizer was significantly effective in controlling the bacteria which cause acne, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium. From this research, can be inferred that formulated herbal anti-acne moisturizer was related with a substantial decrease in the growth of microbes that causes acne.

scholarly journals In vitro control of Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum the causative agent of brinjal wilt

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Bashar ◽  
Mina Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Efficient Inhibitor ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

Seven soil fungi viz. Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride associated with the rhizosphere, non?rhizosphere and rhizoplane of brinjal plants were selected to observe their antagonistic potential against the test fungi Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani . Out of seven soil fungi T. harzianum was found most effective to control the growth of both the test fungi. Plant parts extract of Allium sativum, Asparagus racemosus, Azadirachta indica, Cassia alata, Ocimum sanctum, Zingiber officinale and Datura metel were evaluated for their in vitro efficacy at 5, 10 and 20% concentration against the test fungi. Datura metel, and C. alata and A. indica was found most efficient inhibitor of F. solani and F. oxysporum, respectively. Five fungicides viz., agridazim 50 wp, cozeb 80 wp, newban 50 wp, sunvit 50 wp and vitavax 200 B were evaluated for their in vitro efficacy at 500 ppm concentration against F. solani and F. oxysporum. Vitavax 200B was found most efficient inhibitor of both the test fungi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i1.19826 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(1): 53-60, 2014

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitr

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Novia Ariani ◽  
Dwi Rizki Febrianti ◽  
Rakhmadhan Niah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Extract Concentration

ABSTRAK Tanaman kemangi banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk pengobatan infeksi khususnya bagian daun. Hal ini dikarenakan daun kemangi memiliki senyawa aktif seperti minyak atsiri, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, tannin dan fenol yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya aktivitas, mengetahui diameter zona hambat dan mengetahui klasifikasi kekuatan aktivitas daya hambat antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun kemangi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan metode difusi lubang sumuran dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling.  Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, sedangkan untuk kontrol positif digunakan klindamisin 30µg, dan kontrol negatif yang digunakan etanol 96%. Hasil diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk diukur dengan jangka sorong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kemangi memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan diameter rata-rata yang didapat dari setiap perlakuan yaitu 100% (10,08 mm), 80% (8,10 mm), 60% (6,49 mm), 40% (4,29 mm), 20% (2,26 mm), dan sebagai klasifikasi kekuatan aktivitas daya hambat antibakteri yaitu pada konsentrasi 100% kuat, 80%-60% sedang dan 40%-20% lemah. Kata Kunci : Daun kemangi, Ekstrak, Difusi, Staphylooccus aureus  ABSTRACT Part of the basil plant (Ocimum sanctum L.) that widely used by people for treatment of infections is basil leaves. This is because basil leaves have active compounds such as essential oils, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, tannins and phenols which can inhibit bacterial growth. This research aimed to find out the presence or absence of activity, to determine the diameter of the inhibitory zone and the classification of antibacterial mention against what the name of bacterial is activity of ethanol extract of basil leaves. The type of this research is experimental research with a well diffusion method with sampling technique is purposive sampling. The concentration of extracts used were concentrations of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, while as positive control is  clindamycin 30µg, and the negative control used 96% ethanol. The resulting diameter of the inhibition zone is measured by the calipers.  The results showed that the ethanol extract of basil leaves had an activity in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an average diameter obtained from each treatment that was 100% (10,08mm); 80% (8,10mm); 60% (6,49mm); 40% (4,29mm); 20% (2,26mm), and as the antibacterial activity classification, that were strong in 100% of extract concentration, medium in 60-80% of extract concentration, and weak in 20-40% of extract concentration. Keywords : Basil leaf, Extract, Diffusion, Staphylooccus aureus

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Banana Cultivars Against Important Human Pathogens, Including Candida Biofilm

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Saleh Jouneghani ◽  
Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro ◽  
Sujogya Kumar Panda ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Walter Luyten
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Spectrum Activity

Ten banana (Musa spp.) cultivars were studied for their antimicrobial properties. Three plant parts (corm, pseudostem and leaves) were collected separately and extracted with different solvents, viz., hexane, acetone, ethanol and water. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay. Eight human bacterial and one fungal pathogen were tested. Acetone and ethanol extract(s) often exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, while hexane extracts were less active. Aqueous extracts often showed microbial growth, possibly by endophytes. Leaf extracts were most active, followed by pseudostem, and corm was least active. All the tested banana cultivars were found to contain antimicrobials, as demonstrated by inhibition of selected human pathogens. However, cultivars such as Dole, Saba, Fougamou, Namwah Khom, Pelipita and Mbwazirume showed a broad-spectrum activity, inhibiting all tested pathogens. Other cultivars such as Petit Naine and Kluai Tiparot showed a narrow-spectrum activity, including antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans. Our results support the use of different parts of banana plants in traditional human medicine for infections, including diarrhea and dysentery, and some sexually transmitted diseases, as well as for packaging spoilable materials like food.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of methanolic extracts of selected Zingiberaceae taxa from Peren district, Nagaland, Northeast India

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Kizukala Jamir ◽  
Seshagirirao Kottapalli
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract The methanolic extract of ten Zingiberaceae taxa were evaluated for their phytochemical constituents, total phenolic and flavonoid contents along with in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Among the extracts, Kaempferia parviflora and Zingiber montanum were the most potent reducing agents, while Zingiber officinale exhibited strong free radical-scavenging activity. The high phenolic content observed in Z. montanum, Z. officinale and Curcuma longa may be attributed to the strong antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the extracts of C. longa, K. parviflora and Z. montanum effectively inhibite the growth of test pathogenic microbes. This study suggest that the ginger species are promising source of natural of antioxidant with strong antimicrobial properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Crude Plant Extracts on Mushroom Mite,Luciaphorussp. (Acari: Pygmephoridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prapassorn Bussaman ◽  
Chirayu Sa-uth ◽  
Paweena Rattanasena ◽  
Angsumarn Chandrapatya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Mite Mortality

The use of plant extracts for controlling agricultural pests has become increasingly popular in the recent years. Mushroom mite,Luciaphorussp., is a destructive pest of several mushroom species and has been reported to cause severe loss of mushroom cultivation in many settings. The efficacies of 23 rhizome and leaf extracts were evaluated against female adults ofLuciaphorussp. At 3 days after treatment, the rhizome extracts derived fromCurcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb. andZingiber montanum(Koenig) Link ex Dietr. were found to have very strong acaricidal activities, resulting in 100% mite mortality, followed byCurcuma longaLinn. (98.89%),Zingiber zerumbet(L.) Smith. (97.78%),Kaempferia parvifloraWall. Ex Baker (88.89%), andZingiber officinaleRoscoe. (84.44%). The leaf extracts ofOcimum sanctumLinn. andMelissa officinalisL. also resulted in 100% mite mortality 3 days after treatment, while the other leaf extracts induced mite mortality only below 70%. The results suggested that rhizome extracts ofC. xanthorrhizaandZ. montanumand leaf extracts ofO. sanctumandM. officinalishave a great potential for future development as natural acaricides for controllingLuciaphorussp.

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