Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Banana Cultivars Against Important Human Pathogens, Including Candida Biofilm

Ten banana (Musa spp.) cultivars were studied for their antimicrobial properties. Three plant parts (corm, pseudostem and leaves) were collected separately and extracted with different solvents, viz., hexane, acetone, ethanol and water. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay. Eight human bacterial and one fungal pathogen were tested. Acetone and ethanol extract(s) often exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, while hexane extracts were less active. Aqueous extracts often showed microbial growth, possibly by endophytes. Leaf extracts were most active, followed by pseudostem, and corm was least active. All the tested banana cultivars were found to contain antimicrobials, as demonstrated by inhibition of selected human pathogens. However, cultivars such as Dole, Saba, Fougamou, Namwah Khom, Pelipita and Mbwazirume showed a broad-spectrum activity, inhibiting all tested pathogens. Other cultivars such as Petit Naine and Kluai Tiparot showed a narrow-spectrum activity, including antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans. Our results support the use of different parts of banana plants in traditional human medicine for infections, including diarrhea and dysentery, and some sexually transmitted diseases, as well as for packaging spoilable materials like food.

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Antibiofilm forming, antimicrobial activity and some biochemical properties of Vaccinium vitis idaea leaf and berry extracts on Staphylococcus aureus

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/012031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 238-242

Author(s):

M. V. Kryvtsova ◽

I. Salamon ◽

J. Koscova ◽

M. Y. Spivak

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Berry Extracts ◽

Promising Source

Infections caused by Staphylococcus genus bacteria remain a relevant problem due to the high percentage of antibiotic-resistant biofilm-forming strains of isolates of this genus. Herbs are a promising source for many biologically active compounds with antimicrobial properties. The aim of the research was to study the antimicrobial and antibiofilm formation activity of berry and leaf extracts of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. upon clinical isolates of S. aureus, and the main biochemical properties of these extracts. For the purpose of analysis, we used S. aureus isolated from the mouth cavities and pharynx of human patients suffering from inflammatory diseases. The plants for the study were gathered in Pylypets, Mizhhiria rayon, Zakarpatska oblast (Transcarpathia). From Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., leaf and berry extracts were produced. To determine the chemical properties of the extracts, the following constituents were investigated: total tannin, flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins (by spectrophotometric method), and the total amount of vitamin C in berry extract (chromatographically). The antimicrobial activity was studied by diffusion-into-agar method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. The antibiofilm activity of the extracts was tested in standard 96-well microtitration plates. The main chemical composition of ethyl extracts of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. berries and leaves was identified. The level of tannins in leaf extracts was established to be higher than in fruit extracts (3.50% and 0.26% per 100 g of extract, respectively). It was shown that extracts of V. vitis-idaea berries and leaves demonstrate high antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of S. aureus. Further it was established that leaf extracts had high ability to destroy the bacterial biofilm of S. aureus. Leaf extracts were also able to destroy the formed biofilm. Even in the 0.01% concentration, leaf extract inhibited the formation of the biofilm by 69.9% and caused the destruction of the formed biofilm by 62.5%. Thereby, the obtained results show good prospects for the use of V. vitis-idaea leaf extracts as an anti-staphylococcal remedy with antibiofilm forming properties.

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Modulatory antimicrobial activity of piper arboreum extracts

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.2478/botcro-2013-0026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 303-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Saulo R. Tintino ◽

Celestina E. S. Souza ◽

Gláucia M. M. Guedes ◽

Jaqueline I. V. Costa ◽

Francisco M. Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Natural Products ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Antibiotic Drugs ◽

Pharmacological Targets ◽

Microbial Infections

AbstractThe side effects of certain antibiotics have been a recent dilemma in the medical arena. Due this fact, the necessity of natural product discovery could provide important indications against several pharmacological targets and combat many infectious agents. Piper arboreum Aub. (Piperaceae) has been used by Brazilian traditional communities against several illnesses including rheumatism, bronchitis, sexually transmitted diseases and complaints of the urinary tract. Medicinal plants are a source of several remedies used in clinical practice to combat microbial infections. In this study, ethanol extract and fractions of Piper arboreum leaves were used to assay antimicrobial and modulatory activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microdilution method of ethanol extract and fractions from the leaves of P. arboreum ranging between 8 and 1024 μg mL-1. The capacity of these natural products to enhance the activity of antibiotic and antifungal drugs was also assayed. In these tests, natural products were combined with drugs. The natural products assayed did not demonstrate any clinically relevant antimicrobial activity (MIC ≥ 1024 μg mL-1). However, the modulation of antibiotic activity assay observed a synergistic activity of natural products combined with antifungal (such as nystatin and amphotericin B) and antibiotic drugs (such as amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin). According to these results, these natural products can be an interesting alternative not only to combat infectious diseases caused by bacteria or fungi, but also to combat enhanced resistance of microorganisms to antibiotic and antifungal drugs.

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Anthocyanins as Antimicrobial Agents of Natural Plant Origin

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600136 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Agnieszka Cisowska ◽

Dorota Wojnicz ◽

Andrzej B. Hendrich

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Food Ingredients

Anthocyanins are particularly abundant in different fruits, especially in berries. The beneficial effects of these compounds for human health have been known from at least the 16th century. Despite the great number of papers devoted to the different biological effects exerted by anthocyanins only a limited number of studies is focused on the antimicrobial activity of these compounds. Anthocyanin content of berry fruits varies from 7.5 mg/100 mg fresh fruit in redcurrant ( Ribes rubum) up to 460 mg/100 g fresh fruit in chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa). After consumption, anthocyanins are intensively metabolized, mainly in the intestines and liver. Glucorination, methylation and sulfation are the most typical metabolic reactions. Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of plant phenolic compounds against human pathogens has been intensively studied to characterize and develop new healthy food ingredients as well as medical and pharmaceutical products. However, there is very little information available about the antimicrobial activity of the pure anthocyanins. In the last part of this review we present the collection of papers describing the anthocyanin profiles of different fruits (mainly berries) and the antimicrobial properties of the identified compounds. Generally, anthocyanins are active against different microbes, however Gram-positive bacteria usually are more susceptible to the anthocyanin action than Gram-negative ones. Mechanisms underlying anthocyanin activity include both membrane and intracellular interactions of these compounds. Antimicrobial activity of berries and other anthocyanin-containing fruits is likely to be caused by multiple mechanisms and synergies because they contain various compounds including anthocyanins, weak organic acids, phenolic acids, and their mixtures of different chemical forms. Therefore, the antimicrobial effect of chemically complex compounds has to be critically analyzed.

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Antimicrobial activity of rosemary leaf extracts and efficacy of ethanol extract against testicular damage caused by 50-Hz electromagnetic field in albino rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-08111-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (13) ◽

pp. 15798-15805

Author(s):

Hanaa S. S. Gazwi ◽

Magda E. Mahmoud ◽

Moaz M. Hamed

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Testicular Damage ◽

Leaf Extracts

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Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Essential Oils against Human Pathogens and Their Mode of Action: An Updated Review

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/3012462 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 183

Author(s):

Mallappa Kumara Swamy ◽

Mohd Sayeed Akhtar ◽

Uma Rani Sinniah

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pathogenic Microbes

A wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been explored for their essential oils in the past few decades. Essential oils are complex volatile compounds, synthesized naturally in different plant parts during the process of secondary metabolism. Essential oils have great potential in the field of biomedicine as they effectively destroy several bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The presence of different types of aldehydes, phenolics, terpenes, and other antimicrobial compounds means that the essential oils are effective against a diverse range of pathogens. The reactivity of essential oil depends upon the nature, composition, and orientation of its functional groups. The aim of this article is to review the antimicrobial potential of essential oils secreted from MAPs and their possible mechanisms of action against human pathogens. This comprehensive review will benefit researchers who wish to explore the potential of essential oils in the development of novel broad-spectrum key molecules against a broad range of drug-resistant pathogenic microbes.

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Антимікробні властивості Tanacetum balsamita L. (Asteraceae) за інтродукції в Поліссі України

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/20176 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 52-57

Author(s):

I. V. Ivashchenko

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Test Cultures

The paper studies antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Tanacetum balsamita L. from the family Asteraceae, tribus Anthemideae, the plant being medicinally and pharmaceutically promising. Antimicrobial properties of Tanacetum balsamita were studied on test-cultures, collected from the Ukrainian Collection of Microorganisms (UCM, Institute of microbiology and virology SAS Ukraine), the test-cultures being of Escherichia coli (coliform bacillius) UCM B-906 (ATCC 25922); Staphilococcus aureus (golden staphylococcus) UCM B-904 (ATCC 25923); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (blue pus bacillus) UCM B-900 (ATCC 9027); Candida albicans UCM Y-1918 (ATCC 885-653). The above microorganisms are test strains used to determine antimicrobial properties of medicines. The antimicrobial effect of the investigated substances was studied by the method of successive dilutions which determines minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The extract has demonstrated selective antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria strains of Staphylococcus aureus. In comparison with the solvent, MIC and MBC values showed an 8-times increase. T. balsamita extract revealed no bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal/fugicidal effect against gram-negative bacteria stains of Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa and fungus C. albicans. The antimicrobial activity of the extract against S. aureus may be attributed to the presence of essential oil and phenolic compounds. The major compounds in the essential oil are epoxylynaloolacetate (60.13 %) and b-thujone (29.7 %). The following phenolic compounds have been determined with the high-performance liquid chromatography method: flavonoids – luteolin, apigenin, diosmetin, acacetin, apigenin-7-bioside, acacetin-7-bioside, apigenin-7-glycoside, luteolin-7-glycoside, diosmetin-7-bioside, diosmetin-7-glycoside, diosmetin-7-rhamnoside, and hydroxycinnamic acids – n-coumaric, caffeic, chlorogenic, isochlorogenic. The dominant compound is isochlorogenic acid (35 % of the total phenolic compounds detected). The experimental data obtained gives evidence that further research and application of T. balsamita is promising for creation of new anti-staphylococcus drugs.

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Comparative Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Two Cultivars of Catharanthus roseus L. {G.} Don on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans

Archives of Ecotoxicology ◽

10.36547/ae.2021.3.2.44-48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

David Mutisya Musyimi ◽

Marble Namarobe Namnabah

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Synthetic Drugs

Medicinal plants have served as sources of medicine to treat and suppress the diseases, because many pathogens are gaining resistance to the current synthetic drugs. In addition, high cost and adverse side effects are commonly associated with popular Synthetic drugs. Therefore, there is need for continuous search for new drugs in order to overcome this emerging resistance. Plants synthesize bioactive compounds which are of great potential in agriculture, antimicrobial and anti-insect activity. The concentration of bioactive compounds in each plant species depends on the environmental conditions, age of the plant, relative humidity of harvested materials and method of extraction. Little is known on the phytochemical and antimicrobial potential of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus ethanol extracts. The leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars were investigated for their phytochemical and antimicrobial properties. The study was conducted at Maseno University, Kenya. Plant Leaves were collected around Maseno University. Leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were air-dried in the shade, thereafter crushed into powder and ethanol extraction done using the Rotary evaporator. Antimicrobial activity of the pathogenic microorganisms was Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. Disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial tests. concentrations of ethanol leaf extracts consisted of 2.5, 5and 7.5 mg/mL with three replications. Data on growth inhibition were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) . Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and phenols except steroids and glycosides. The ethanol leaf extracts were active against Candida albicans and and Escherichia coli. Alba leaves extracts showed higher inhibitory zones compared to Rosea leaves. The observed differences in antimicrobial activity could be due to differences in cell wall synthesis, structure and composition. The results of present study further confirm the use of these plants traditionally for the treatment of different ailments.

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Analysis of Antimicrobial Properties of Some Ethnomedicinal Plants

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i57a33988 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 206-213

Author(s):

Abha Vashistha ◽

Soni Chaubey

Keyword(s):

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Nerium Oleander ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Plant Parts

The world is suffering through large number of diseases which are primarily caused by the microbes, though it is bacteria, fungi, viruses or protozoans. The inappropriate, prolonged use of antibiotics and loss of biodiversity and climate change is leading to the invasion of microbes in the human population, because of which every individual on the earth is suffering from diseases caused by microorganisms. In current scenario it is the prerequisite to screen the effective, safe, cheap, and available therapeutics from plants and natural products. Plant parts of sixteen medicinal plant species such as Aegle marmelos, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Cassia fistula, Catharanths roseus, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus, Mentha piperita, Nerium oleander, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera and Zingiber officinale with high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and fungus Aspergillus niger were extracted with aqueous, ethanol and acetone and with the help of well diffusion method minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined. Out of three solvent phases, ethanol extract showed the highest inhibition against the microbes, where as the efficacy of most of the aqueous and acetone plant extracts were also confirmed as antimicrobial agent and their use as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of various diseases.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Necklace Orchids is Phylogenetically Clustered and can be Predicted With a Biological Response Method

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.586345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Richa Kusuma Wati ◽

Esmée F. de Graaf ◽

Diego Bogarín ◽

Reinout Heijungs ◽

Rogier van Vugt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Biological Response ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Classification Method ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Experimental Proof ◽

Response Method ◽

Response Classification

Necklace orchids (Coelogyninae, Epidendroideae) have been used in traditional medicine practices for centuries. Previous studies on a subset of unrelated orchid species utilized in these traditional practices revealed they possessed antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activity, providing experimental proof for their medicinal properties. To date however none of these species have been investigated ethno-botanically in a phylogenetic context. This study carried out comparative bioprospecting for a group of wild orchids using EBDCS (the Economic Botany Data Collection Standards) organ targeted and biological response methods. The traditional medicinal use of necklace orchids was recorded from books and journals published between 1984 and 2016. Two orchids, Coelogyne cristata and Coelogyne fimbriata, were selected, cultivated both indoors and outdoors, and the antimicrobial properties on extracts from their leaves and pseudobulbs tested against a selection of human pathogens. A molecular phylogeny of Coelogyninae based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK DNA sequences obtained from 148 species was reconstructed with Maximum Likelihood (ML) using RAxML, Maximum Parsimony (MP) using PAUP and Bayesian Inference using MrBayes. Bioprospecting comparison of EBDCS and biological response was carried out using customized R scripts. Ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of C. fimbriata inhibited growth of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia enterocolitica, confirming the antimicrobial properties of these extracts. Leaf extracts were found to have slightly stronger antimicrobial properties for plants cultivated outdoors than indoors. These differences were not found to be statistically significant though. Three hot nodes with high potency for antimicrobial activities were detected with the EBDCS organ targeted classification method, and eight hot nodes were detected with the biological response classification method. The biological response classification method is thus a more effective tool in finding hot nodes amongst clades of species with high medicinal potential.

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Phytochemical investigation GC-MS analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Coleus forskohlii

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i4.24406 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 924 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krishnamoorthy Rajkumar ◽

Ramaswamy Malathi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Coleus Forskohlii ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Investigation

The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and antimicrobial activity of Coleus forskohlii. The different solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, acetone and aqueous extracts were identified pharmacologically as important bioactive compounds and their antimicrobial properties were studied. In the phytochemical investigation almost all the ethanol extract of leaf, stem and root having secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids. The active constituents of the ethanol extract of C. forskohlii root was studied by GC-MS analysis. According to the antimicrobial results ethanol extract of C. froshkolii root showed highest antibacterial activity compared with stem and leaf. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumonia (19 mm) and Candida albicans (16 mm) in ethanol extract of root. Among the above extracts of leaf, stem and root, ethanol extract of root having antimicrobial activities due to the presence of phytoconstituents.

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