scholarly journals Case Report on Mucormycotic Osteomyelitis of Maxilla

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Paras R. Nasare ◽  
Archana Teltumde
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Fungal Osteomyelitis

Introduction: The upper jaw is formed by the maxilla, one of the basic bones of the face. It is a crucial viscerocranium structure that aids in the creation of the palate, nose, and orbit. The upper teeth are held in place by the alveolar process of the maxilla, which is vital for mastication and speaking. Because of its substantial vascular supply, maxillary necrosis is uncommon compared to mandible necrosis [1]. Maxillary necrosis can be caused by bacterial infections like osteomyelitis, viral infections like herpes zoster, or fungal infections like mucormycosis, as well as trauma, radiation, and other factors [2]. Long-term use of antibiotics or corticosteroids, on the other hand, may result in an opportunistic infection. Mucormycosis is a fungal infection that mostly affects immunocompromised persons. These fungi are widespread in many people, although the symptoms have been linked to a weakened immune system. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening illness that frequently affects immunocompromised individuals due to diabetic ketoacidosis, neutropenia, organ transplantation, and elevated blood iron levels. Clinical Findings: The patient have a complaint of discomfort in the upper left side of the jaw was rapid in start, dull hurting, intermittent in character, and worse on mastication. A radiating headache on the left side is also a complaint. Diagnostic Evaluation: CRP - 12.48 m/ L, Calcium 8.1 mg/dl, KFT-Ser (urea – 29 mg/dl, Creatinine 0.4 mg/dl, Sodium 138 mmol/L, Potassium -4.3 mmol/L, Albumin 2.6 g/dl,) Urine exam routine Pus cells 1-2 cells, urine albumin nil, Crystal 3-4 calcium oxalate Crystal, 2D echo was done on dated 31/5/21, MRI was done,  Cardiac call was done. Therapeutic Intervention: If not recognised and treated early, fungal osteomyelitis is more invasive than bacterial osteomyelitis. Treatment is given to the patient as a follow-up. Debridement of necrotic tissue on a local level. Antibiotics - Tab Augmentine 625 mg, Tab paracetamols 500 mg, Inj T. T 0.5 ml in a single dosage, Antifungal treatment, and Betadine gargle twice a day. Conclusion: On 04/06/2021, a 58-year-old male was hospitalised to AVBR Hospital's Oral Surgery Ward 35 after being diagnosed with Mucormycotic Osteomyelitis of the Maxilla. The patient is being counselled on how to proceed with his treatment.

Skin Infections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan V. Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Fournier Gangrene ◽  
Tinea Versicolor

The skin can become infected by viruses, fungi, and bacteria, including some that ordinarily are harmless colonizing organisms. The most common fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, which can involve the hair, nails, and skin. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations of specimens from affected areas typically demonstrate hyphae, and either topical or systemic antifungal therapy usually cures or controls the process. The most common bacterial pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci, which, alone or together, can cause a wide variety of disorders, including impetigo, ecthyma, and cellulitis. Topical antibiotics may suffice for impetigo, but ecthyma and cellulitis require systemic treatment. S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, can also cause furuncles, carbuncles, and cutaneous abscesses. For these infections, incision and drainage without antibiotics are usually curative. Warts are the most common cutaneous viral infection, and eradication can be difficult, especially where the skin is thick, such as the palms and soles, or the patient is immunocompromised. Most therapies consist of trying to destroy the viruses by mechanical, chemical, or immune mechanisms. This review covers dermatophyte infections, yeast infections, bacterial infections, and viral infections of the skin. Figures show the classic annular lesion of tinea corporis, a typical kerion presenting as a zoophilic Microsporum canis infection of the scalp (tinea capitis), tinea corporis, tinea barbae, tinea pedis between and under the toes and on the plantar surface, inflammatory tinea pedis, tinea unguium, tinea manuum, angular cheilitis, prominent satellite lesions of discrete vesicles associated with candidiasis, facial candidiasis, Candida paronychia, tinea versicolor, nonbullous impetigo, bullous impetigo, ecthyma, leg cellulitis, erythema and edema on the cheeks, eyelids, and nose, furuncle, carbuncle, nasal folliculitis, pitted keratolysis, trichomycosis axillaris, necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier gangrene, folliculitis, plantar wart, condyloma acuminatum, and benign lesions of bowenoid papulosis. Tables list dermatophyte species, terminology of dermatophyte infections, topical agents for dermatophyte infections, treatment options for impetigo (adult doses), and treatment options for erythrasma.   This review contains 28 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 33 references

High IL-15 Serum Levels on Day 7 After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Are Associated with a Low Likelihood of Graft-Vs-Host Disease and a High Likelihood of Infections

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 1271-1271
Author(s):  
Laura M Hagel ◽  
Yiping Liu ◽  
Alejandra Ugarte-Torres ◽  
Tyler S Williamson ◽  
James A Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Abstract Abstract 1271 Background: High levels of soluble IL-2 receptor alpha, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, soluble TNF alpha receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor have been associated with a high likelihood of GVHD. The levels were typically measured during or shortly before the development of GVHD. As preemptive therapy of GVHD would likely be efficacious if started early posttransplant, we set out to determine whether the levels of the above cytokines/cytokine receptors (hereafter referred to as “cytokines”) on day 7 are associated with subsequent development of GVHD and, if yes, whether the levels are also associated with relapse or infections. Patients and Methods: In a cohort of 153 consecutive allogeneic transplant recipients in Calgary who gave consent we determined serum levels of the above cytokines. All patients were adults, received myeloablative conditioning including rabbit antithymocyte globulin and typically filgrastim-mobilized blood mononuclear cells from HLA-matched unrelated donors or siblings, typically for hematologic malignancy. Cytokine levels were measured using sandwich ELISA (R&D). For each cytokine, levels in patients with versus without aGVHD (grade 2–4), cGVHD (needing systemic therapy) or relapse were compared using Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, and correlation between the cytokine level and infection rates (number of infections per number of days at risk) was evaluated using Spearman rank correlation test. For each cytokine for which the levels appeared to be significantly associated with aGVHD, cGVHD, relapse or an infection rate, multivariate analyses were performed (using log-binomial regression for aGVHD, cGVHD or relapse, and Poisson regression for infection rates) adjusting for recipient age (continuous), donor type (HLA-matched sibling versus other), donor/recipient sex (M/M versus other), stem cell source (marrow versus blood stem cells) and, for relapse, also disease/disease stage (good vs poor risk) and, for infections, also engraftment day (continuous) and aGVHD or cGVHD (yes/no) using days at risk as the offset. Results: In univariate analyses, the only cytokine levels significantly associated with subsequent development of aGVHD or cGVHD were IL-15 levels (median 29 vs 40 pg/mL in patients with vs without aGVHD, p=.02, and median 25 vs 40 pg/mL in patients with vs without cGVHD, p=.02). IL-15 levels were similar in patients who did vs did not develop relapse (30 vs 39 pg/mL, p=0.60). There was a significant or near-significant positive correlation between IL-15 levels and the rates of definite (microbiologically documented) infections (p=.008), total (definite or presumed) infections (p=.008), viral infections (p=.06), bacterial infections (p=.06) and fungal infections (p=0.03) occurring between day 7 and 83. In multivariate analyses, IL-15 levels above31.0 pg/mL were associated with a 0.38-fold risk of aGVHD (p=0.005), and levels above 31.3 pg/mL with a 0.35-fold risk of cGVHD (p<.008). For a unit increase of IL-15 level (change of 1 pg/mL), the rate of infections increased 1.02-fold (p<.001) for definite infections, 1.03-fold for total infections (p<.001), 1.03-fold for viral infections (p<.001), 1.02-fold for bacterial infections (p<.001) and 1.03-fold for fungal infections (p=.06). Conclusion: Unexpectedly, high IL-15 levels were associated with a low likelihood of GVHD. For this we do not have an explanation. High IL-15 levels were also associated with a high likelihood of infections. This may reflect the fact that the most lymphopenic patients (at the highest risk of infections) may have had the highest levels of IL-15, a homeostatic growth factor for CD8 T cells and NK cells. Consistent with that, post-hoc analyses showed negative correlations between day 7 IL-15 levels and day 28 counts of CD8 T cells (p=.0002), NK cells (p=.06) and total lymphocytes (p=.03). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Dermatological manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an observational study among HAART naive patients from an ART centre of excellence

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Lalremruati Sailo ◽  
Th Bijayanti Devi ◽  
Th Bhimo Singh ◽  
Bishurul N. A. Hafi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hairy Leukoplakia ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Rare Endemic

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">Dermatological manifestations can be a window to the clinical and immunological status of patients with HIV infection. Introduction of HAART has dramatically shifted the pattern of HIV associated dermatoses. The present study has been carried out to find out the same among HIV infected patients not started on HAART therapy</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Two hundred (200) HIV-positive, HAART-naïve patients attending ART centre of excellence were examined between November 2005 to July 2007, for the presence of mucocutaneous manifestations, correlation with CD4 count and analyzed using SPSS software</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Out of the 200 patients examined, 64.5% (n=129) were found to have mucocutaneous manifestations. Out of those 129 patients 70 (54.3%) were male and 59 (45.7%) were females. Age of the patients ranged from 5 to 62 years with a mean±S.D of 32.08±11.48 yrs. Fungal infections (n=67, 51.9%) were the most common infectious dermatoses, followed by viral infections (n=35, 27.1%), scabies infestations (n=17, 13.2%) and bacterial infections (n=2, 1.6%). Of all the fungal infections, candidiasis (43.28%) was the commonest. Majority (64.5%) of the mucocutaneous manifestations were seen in patients with CD4 count &lt;200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and difference in CD4 count was significantly associated with cutaneous penicilliosis and oral hairy leukoplakia (p&lt;0.044). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Infectious dermatoses remain as the far most common skin manifestations in HAART naïve patients. Lower the CD4 higher will be the incidence. Rare endemic infections like penicilliosis should be considered in differentials of umbulicated lesions in this part of the country.</span></p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of paediatric lymphadenopathy at a rural tertiary care centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Mamatha Pakala ◽  
Shreya Tanneru ◽  
Prasada Thanda ◽  
Prabhakar Vuppala
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Gold Standard Method

Background: The aim and objectives of the present study was to determine the various etiologies of lymphadenopathy in children in our region and its associated clinical findings and prevalence of malignancy in children presented with significant lymphadenopathy.Methods: Sixty-five patients with significant lymphadenopathy charts were reviewed retrospectively from department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery during the period of September 2018-2020. Patient’s records were evaluated in terms of age, gender, complaints, and characteristics of lymph nodes in terms of site, consistency, discharge, sinus and clinical course of a patient. Physical findings of all the cases were noted. Hematological and serological tests were done to know the source of infection. Clinical findings and laboratory results were corroborated with pathological diagnostic tests like FNAC and Excision biopsies in children with significant lymphadenopathyResults: The etiology was confirmed in 94% children and couldn’t be diagnosed in 6% children presented with significant lymphadenopathy. On evaluation commonest etiology was infection with reactive hyperplasia in 58% of children secondary to bacterial or viral infections, Kawasaki disease, suppurative lymphadenitis in 17%, tuberculous lymphadenitis in 14%, and malignancy in 11%. Majority of children presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. An unusual presentation of Non Hodgkin lymphoma as intestinal obstruction with no significant mass per abdomen, a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presented as torticollis due to massive unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy were diagnosedConclusions: The most widely encountered cause of lymphadenopathy in children was infection. Most of them are secondary to non specific viral or bacterial infections. The most important concern in children presenting with complaints of lymphadenopathy is the detection of underlying malignant disease. There was significant malignancy rate in our study in children with lymphadenopathy with few atypical presentations. Excisional biopsy is the gold standard method to confirm the diagnosis.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD SKIN DISORDERS ATTENDING AT OUTPATIENT PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
NANDINI THUMMANAPALLY ◽  
KAVITHA LAWDYAVATH ◽  
CHARANDAS GURUVA ◽  
DEEPTHI ENUMULA ◽  
SASTRY PVK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Prior Approval ◽  
Bacterial Skin Infections

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of various skin diseases in pediatric population. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at private children’s outpatient clinic in Warangal from March to August 2018 with the prior approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee BIPS/IEC/2018/P8. A total of 200 patients with various skin diseases of age group <17 years were included in the study. Results: Out of 200 pediatric skin disorders, male children 138 (69%) outnumbered female children 62 (31%). The mean age of the study population was found to be 5.85±4.11 years. About 64% of the patients are from rural area and 36% are from urban. The percentage of skin disorders is allergic infections (26%), bacterial infections (23%), viral infections (11%), fungal infections (7.5%), parasitic infections (6%), autoimmune disorders (4%), and skin adnexa (2.5%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the prevalence of allergic and bacterial skin infections was found to be common among male children from rural area

scholarly journals Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Acquired Maxillary Defects Secondary to Mucormycosis: Clinical Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal J Shah ◽  
Preeti Agarwal Katyayan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Maxillary Defects ◽  
Clinical Cases

ABSTRACT Maxillary necrosis can occur due to bacterial infections such as osteomyelitis, viral infections, such as herpes zoster or fungal infections, such as mucormycosis, aspergillosis etc. Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection, which mainly infects immunocompromised patients. Once the maxilla is involved, surgical resection and debridement of the necrosed areas can result in extensive maxillary defects. The clinician is to face many a challenge in order to replace not only the missing teeth, but also the lost soft tissues and bone, including hard palate and alveolar ridges. The prosthesis (Obturator) lacks a bony base and the lost structures of the posterior palatal seal area compromise retention of the prosthesis. Furthermore, the post surgical soft tissues are scarred and tense, which exert strong dislodging forces. The present article describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillary necrosis secondary to mucormycosis in two cases, one completely edentulous and the other partially edentulous. How to cite this article Shah RJ, Katyayan MK, Katyayan PA, Chauhan V. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Acquired Maxillary Defects Secondary to Mucormycosis: Clinical Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):242-249.

scholarly journals Susceptibility for Some Infectious Diseases in Patients With Diabetes: The Key Role of Glycemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Chávez-Reyes ◽  
Carlos E. Escárcega-González ◽  
Erika Chavira-Suárez ◽  
Angel León-Buitimea ◽  
Priscila Vázquez-León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Uncontrolled diabetes results in several metabolic alterations including hyperglycemia. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that this condition may induce susceptibility and the development of more aggressive infectious diseases, especially those caused by some bacteria (including Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, among others) and viruses [such as coronavirus 2 (CoV2), Influenza A virus, Hepatitis B, etc.]. Although the precise mechanisms that link glycemia to the exacerbated infections remain elusive, hyperglycemia is known to induce a wide array of changes in the immune system activity, including alterations in: (i) the microenvironment of immune cells (e.g., pH, blood viscosity and other biochemical parameters); (ii) the supply of energy to infectious bacteria; (iii) the inflammatory response; and (iv) oxidative stress as a result of bacterial proliferative metabolism. Consistent with this evidence, some bacterial infections are typical (and/or have a worse prognosis) in patients with hypercaloric diets and a stressful lifestyle (conditions that promote hyperglycemic episodes). On this basis, the present review is particularly focused on: (i) the role of diabetes in the development of some bacterial and viral infections by analyzing preclinical and clinical findings; (ii) discussing the possible mechanisms by which hyperglycemia may increase the susceptibility for developing infections; and (iii) further understanding the impact of hyperglycemia on the immune system.

Skin and eyes

2018 ◽  
pp. 423-446
Author(s):  
Tim Raine ◽  
George Collins ◽  
Catriona Hall ◽  
Nina Hjelde ◽  
James Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Leg Ulcers ◽  
Red Eye ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Breast Lumps ◽  
Visual Disturbances

This chapter discusses disorders of the skin and eyes, including rash and rash emergency, bacterial infections causing a rash, viral infections causing a rash, fungal infections causing a rash, infestations causing a rash, chronic inflammatory rashes, other causes of rash, skin lumps, skin cancers, breast lumps, leg ulcers, acute red eye emergency, sudden visual loss, gradual visual loss, and other visual disturbances.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Manifestations in HIV Infected Libyan Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Aljehawi ◽  
Omran O. Bugrein ◽  
Azza Grew ◽  
Gamal Ahmed Duweb
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Parenteral Transmission ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease may result from HIV infection itself, or from opportunistic disorders secondary to the declined immunocompetence due to the disease. A total of 220 HIV positive patients, treated in the Benghazi Center of Infectious Diseases and Immunology over a period of 14 years (January 2003 to November 2016), were included in a retrospective study. The patients' age ranged from 7 to 46 years. The study was conducted by reviewing the patients' records using the management information system (MIS). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by the t-test and Chi square test. Among the studied patients, 119 (54.1%) were males and 101 (45.9%) were females, and most of them (78.6%) were 10 – 19 years of age. The predominant mode of transmission was parenteral transmission, in 95% of patients, and positive family history was observed in 12% of patients. Among the total number of visits to dermatologists, 93% of patients had a single disease. Of the total number of skin diseases diagnosed during the visits, parasitic infestations were seen in 92 patients (21.0%), eczematous and related disorders in 78 patients (17.8%), viral infections in 71 patients (16.2%), bacterial infections in 41 patients (9.3%), and fungal infections in 35 patients (7.9%). Dermatophyte infections were the most common fungal infections recorded in 19 patients (4.3%), followed by Candida infection in 11 patients (2.5%). Warts were found in 5.9% of viral infections, followed by herpes zoster (4.1%). HIV positive patients should be examined for skin disorders, because early diagnosis and management of such problems improves the quality of life in these patients.

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