scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TIDE LEVEL ON THE TSUNAMI RESPONSE OF COASTAL HARBORS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiin-Jen Lee ◽  
Ziyi Huang ◽  
Zhiqing Kou ◽  
Xiuying Xing
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Crescent City ◽  
Dimensionless Wave Number ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Tidal Cycles ◽  
Significant Difference

The tsunamis generated by the February 27, 2010 Chilean earthquake and the great Japan Tohoku earthquake on March 11, 2011 arrived at several Pacific Coast harbors when the tide levels were at low tides and persisted for several tidal cycles. Despite the significant difference in the recorded wave amplitude observed at Crescent City harbor between these two events, the energy spectrum as a function of frequency has been found to contain several spikes corresponding to the frequency range of 3×〖10〗^(-4)~10×〖10〗^(-4) Hz. This pattern in spectral density is different from several prior tsunamis observed and analyzed for Crescent City Harbor as presented by Lee, Xing and Magoon (2008). In the present study we present the reasons behind the differences in the response behavior associated with these two events. We prove that they are due to the effect of tide levels. We also show that in order to correctly decipher the resonant response characteristics to incident wave the response curves should be expressed as a function of the dimensionless wave number. The tsunami waves recorded at tide gauge station in San Diego Harbor (Southern California) are also analyzed and discussed.

OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jacob Koed ◽  
Christian Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Comparison of the dose-response curves for LH of ovine origin (NIH-LH-S8) and of human origin (IRP-HMG-2) using the OAAD test showed a small, though statistically significant difference, the dose-response curve for LH of human origin being a little flatter. Two standard curves for ovine LH obtained with 14 months' interval, were parallel but at different levels of ovarian ascorbic acid. When the mean ascorbic acid depletions were calculated as percentages of the control levels, the two curves for NIH-LH-S8 were identical. The use of standards of human origin in the OAAD test for LH activity of human preparations is recommended.

STUDIES ON SULFATION FACTOR (SF) ACTIVITY OF HUMAN SERUM

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (III) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dose Levels

ABSTRACT The sulfation factor (SF) activity of human sera has been estimated using a modification of the method of Daughaday et al. (1959). Each assay was statistically evaluated. The method had a mean precision of 0.14 and, used as an assay of GH of human serum, a sensitivity in three pituitary dwarfs of 0.1 to 0.6 μg of HGH/ml of serum. SF activity was found at all ages between 1 month and 75 years. There was a significantly lower mean SF activity below the age of half a year. Three cases of pituitary dwarfism had significantly low SF activities of sera. There was no significant difference between the SF activities of sera from untreated pituitary dwarfs and the sera from normal children below half a year of age. Dose-response curves with large volumes of sera from pituitary dwarfs and small volumes of sera from normal humans had the same slopes. Four mg of HGH prepared according to the method of Li & Papkoff (1956) resulted in a normal serum SF activity in each of the three dwarfs. A significant (P < 0.01) linear relationship was found between the concentration of SF activity of sera from these subjects and the logarithm of the dose of HGH given with dose levels of 1, 2 and 4 mg daily for three days. The decline of serum SF activity to the pre-treatment level following HGH in one dwarf suggested a half life not different from that indicated by others for growth hormone.

Additive Interactions between Propofol and Ketamine When Used for Anesthesia Induction in Female Patients 

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Hui ◽  
T. G. Short ◽  
W. Hong ◽  
T. Suen ◽  
T. Gin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Verbal Command ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Loss Of Response ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Propofol and ketamine may be paired for anesthesia induction and for total intravenous anesthesia. The nature of any sedative interactions occurring between propofol and ketamine are unknown. The combination when used for anesthesia induction in female patients was studied. Methods Quantal dose-response curves were determined in 180 female patients to whom the drugs were administered individually and in combination. Two minutes after administering the drugs, two endpoints were assessed. First, loss of response to verbal command (hypnosis) and then, in those who failed to respond to this endpoint, loss of response to a 5-s transcutaneous tetanus (anesthesia). Interactions were analyzed by fitting the data to a mathematical model in which response was analyzed in terms of the doses of the two drugs and an additional term included to describe nonadditive interactions. The incidences of apnea, arterial pressure, and heart rate changes during the first 5 min were recorded. Results At the hypnotic endpoint, the ED50s were 1.10 mg/kg propofol (95% CIs 0.93-1.27), 0.39 mg/kg ketamine (95% CIs 0.27-0.46), and the combination of 0.63 mg/kg propofol and 0.21 mg/kg ketamine (95% CIs 0.53/0.18-0.73/0.24). At the anesthetic endpoint, the ED50s were 1.85 mg/kg propofol (95% CIs 1.58-2.36) 0.66 mg/kg ketamine (95% CIs 0.58-0.77), and the combination of 1.05 mg/kg propofol and 0.35 mg/kg ketamine (95% CIs 0.88/0.29-1.27/0.42). The effects were additive at both endpoints; there was no evidence of an interaction. The ED50s for apnea were 1.61 mg/kg propofol (95% CIs 1.39-1.94), greater than 0.85 mg/kg ketamine and for the combination 1.50 mg/kg propofol and 0.50 mg/kg ketamine (95% CIs 1.15/0.38-3.09/1.03). The addition of ketamine did not significantly alter the ED50 for apnea of propofol. There was a significant difference in the arterial pressures among the three groups (P &lt; 0.001). Using the combination, the cardiostimulant effects of ketamine balanced the cardiodepressant effects of propofol. There was no change in arterial pressure or heart rate after the noxious stimulus. Conclusions When using the combination, doses were additive at hypnotic and anesthetic endpoints. Ketamine had no influence on the incidence of apnea after propofol, and the net hemodynamic effects were minimal.

A Dynamical Model for Studying the Stability of Thermo-Solutal Convection Under the Effect of Vertical Vibration

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Razi ◽  
M. Mojtabi ◽  
K. Maliwan ◽  
M. C. Charrier-Mojtabi ◽  
A. Mojtabi
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Lewis Number ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Dimensionless Wave Number ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
The Stability

This paper concerns the thermal stability analysis of porous layer saturated by a binary fluid under the influence of mechanical vibration. The linear stability analysis of this thermal system leads us to study the following damped coupled Mathieu equations: BH¨+B(π2+k2)+1H˙+(π2+k2)−k2k2+π2RaT(1+Rsinω*t*)H=k2k2+π2(NRaT)(1+Rsinω*t*)Fε*BF¨+Bπ2+k2Le+ε*F˙+π2+k2Le−k2k2+π2NRaT(1+Rsinω*t*)F=k2k2+π2RaT(1+Rsinω*t*)H where RaT is thermal Rayleigh number, R is acceleration ratio (bω2/g), Le is the Lewis number, k is the dimensionless wave-number, ε* is normalized porosity and N is the buoyancy ratio (H and F are perturbations of temperature and concentration fields). In the follow up, the non-linear behavior of the problem is studied via a generalization of the Lorenz model (five coupled non-linear differential equations with periodic coefficients). In the presence or absence of gravity, the stability limit for the onset of stationary as well as Hopf bifurcations is determined.

scholarly journals Multi-method observation and analysis of an impulse wave and tsunami caused by glacier calving

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 6471-6493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Lüthi ◽  
A. Vieli
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Impulse Wave ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Impulse Waves ◽  
Run Up

Abstract. Glacier calving can cause violent impulse waves which, upon landfall, can lead to destructive tsunami-like waves. Here we present data acquired during a calving event from Eqip Sermia, an ocean-terminating glacier in West Greenland. During an exceptionally well documented event, the collapse of 9 × 105 m3 ice from a 200 m high ice cliff caused an impulse wave of 50 m height, traveling at a speed of 25–30 m s-1. This wave was filmed from a tour boat in 800 m distance from the calving face, and simultaneously measured with a terrestrial radar interferometer and a tide gauge. Tsunami wave run-up height on the steep opposite shore in 4 km distance was 10–15 m, destroying infrastructure and eroding old vegetation. These observations indicate that such high tsunami waves are a recent phenomenon in the history of this glacier. Analysis of the data shows that only moderately bigger tsunami waves are to be expected in the future, even under rather extreme scenarios.

scholarly journals CO2 and O2 Detection by Electric Field Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Santonico ◽  
Alessandro Zompanti ◽  
Anna Sabatini ◽  
Luca Vollero ◽  
Simone Grasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Sensing Material ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Avr Microcontroller

In this work an array of chemical sensors for gas detection has been developed, starting with a commercial sensor platform developed by Microchip (GestIC), which is normally used to detect, trace, and classify hand movements in space. The system is based on electric field changes, and in this work, it has been used as mechanism revealing the adsorption of chemical species CO2 and O2. The system is composed of five electrodes, and their responses were obtained by interfacing the sensors with an acquisition board based on an ATMEGA 328 microprocessor (Atmel MEGA AVR microcontroller). A dedicated measurement chamber was designed and prototyped in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using an Ultimaker3 3D printer. The measurement cell size is 120 × 85 mm. Anthocyanins (red rose) were used as a sensing material in order to functionalize the sensor surface. The sensor was calibrated using different concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide, ranging from 5% to 25%, mixed with water vapor in the range from 50% to 90%. The sensor exhibits good repeatability for CO2 concentrations. To better understand the sensor response characteristics, sensitivity and resolution were calculated from the response curves at different working points. The sensitivity is in the order of magnitude of tens to hundreds of µV/% for CO2, and of µV/% in the case of O2. The resolution is in the range of 10−1%–10−3% for CO2, and it is around 10−1% for O2. The system could be specialized for different fields, for environmental, medical, and food applications.

The Effect of IVIG on Fcγ Receptor-Dependent Monocyte Phagocytosis and FcγR Gene Expression.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3829-3829
Author(s):  
Howard H.W. Chan ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Brenda B. Su ◽  
Gregory A. Denomme
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Ivig Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract BACKGROUND The mechanism(s) of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) towards inhibition of monocyte phagocytic activity involves the function and/or the expression of inhibitory FcγRIIb in a murine model. To confirm these findings in human monocytes, we used a human monocyte phagocytic model in vitro to study the effects of IVIG on the phagocytic activity and the expression of FcγR genes. METHODS Part A: Monolayer Monocyte Phagocytosis Assay Normal volunteer’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from heparin anticoagulated blood by Ficoll-Hypaque (Pharmacia Biotech) density separation. The PBMCs were washed and the monocytes were purified using a magnetic bead-positive selection method with anti-CD14 antibody (Miltenyl Biotec). 105 monocytes were incubated in a microtiter plate at 37°C for 1 hour before exposed to IVIG 0.5 g/L. Anti-D (WinRho) sensitized Rh positive (R2R2) red cells were added to the monocytes at 0.5 hour and 18 hour post-IVIG treatment. After 1 hour incubation with sensitized RBC, monocytes phagocytic activity is measured by chemiluminescence detection with a LumiCount (Packard). The readings were normalized with maximal chemiluminescence signal achieved by the monocytes without prior exposure to IVIG (positive control). Part B: RT-PCR of FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb After 18 hours of exposure to two different concentrations of IVIG (0.5 and 5 gm/L), monocytes were collected and total RNA was isolated with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen). 1 μg of RNA was used to generate first strand cDNA using Superscript II RT kit (Invitrogen). FcγRIIa and IIb were amplified with AmpliTaq Gold DNA polymerase system (Applied Biosystems). The PCR products were evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoriesis. RESULTS Part A: Dose-response curves were generated by plotting normalized chemiluminescence against the concentration of anti-D used to sensitize the red cells. Anti-D sensitized red cells were phagocytosed by monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. There is a time-dependent inhibition of monocyte phagocytosis when monocytes were incubated with IVIG at 0.5 gm/L. (Fig. 1) Part B: There is no significant difference in the gene expression of FcRγIIb and FcγRIIa in the adherent monocytes after incubating with either low dose (0.5 gm/L) or high dose (5 gm/L) of IVIG for 18 hours. (Fig 2) CONCLUSION Delayed inhibition of phagocytic activity with18-hour exposure to IVIG is not directly mediated via the modulation of FcγRIIb gene expression in human monocytes. Other mechanisms, such as intracellular signalling or receptor coupling, might be involved in the delayed inhibitory effects of IVIG. Figure Figure Figure Figure

CEP701 and PKC412 Predictably and Reliably Inhibit FLT3 Phosphorylation in Primary AML Blasts but Their Induction of a Cytotoxic Response Appears to Be Much More Variable.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 95-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Knapper ◽  
Alan K. Burnett ◽  
Amanda F. Gilkes ◽  
Kenneth I. Mills ◽  
Val Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Allele Ratio ◽  
Cytotoxic Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flt3 Expression

Abstract Activating mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are present in approximately one-third of AML cases and are associated with an adverse prognosis. FLT3 is expressed in over 90% of cases of AML and many non-mutants show evidence of FLT3 activation, which may play a significant signalling role in leukaemogenesis, making FLT3 an attractive therapeutic target. CEP701 (Cephalon) and PKC412 (Novartis) are orally-bioavailable indolocarbazole derivatives that potently inhibit FLT3 phosphorylation. We studied the relationship between in vitro inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation and induction of cytotoxicity in primary AML blasts from 12 patients. 7 of the cases were FLT3 mutants (6 ITDs and 1 D835 point mutant), the amount of mutant RNA varying between 7% and 84% of total FLT3 RNA expressed. The blasts were exposed for 1 hour to a range of concentrations of CEP701 and PKC412, lysed and immunoprecipitated with an anti-FLT3 antibody. After sequential immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine and anti-FLT3 antibodies, inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation was measured by densitometry. Both drugs inhibited FLT3 phosphorylation in all samples with lower concentrations required in FLT3 mutants. CEP701 inhibited FLT3 phosphorylation with median IC50s of 3.7nM and 11.9nM in mutant and wild type (WT) cases respectively (p=0.0006). IC50s for PKC412 were 7.7nM and 59.8nM in mutant and WT cases (p=0.0268). Induction of cytotoxicity was assessed by MTS assay following 72-hour exposure of blasts to a range of concentrations of CEP701 and PKC412. Cytotoxic responses to both drugs were greater in FLT3 mutants than WT cases at each dose studied and in terms of IC50 dose (median IC50s in mutant and WT cases: 95nM and 231nM with CEP701, 1.24 μM and 1.61μM with PKC412) although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Annexin V binding apoptosis assay produced similar dose response curves. Both agents showed greater inter-case variability in cytotoxic response than in sensitivity to inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation. A lack of cytotoxic response to FLT3 inhibition with CEP701 was seen in the ITD mutant with the lowest ratio of mutant to WT FLT3 RNA (0.08) and several WT samples displayed resistance to in vitro induction of cytotoxicity despite almost complete inhibition of FLT3. Induction of cytotoxicity with PKC412 in both mutant and WT cases generally required doses well in excess of those required to fully inhibit FLT3 phosphorylation. Cases were further stratified by flow cytometric measurement of surface FLT3 expression, and by immunoblotting to measure STAT5 dephosphorylation in response to both drugs. No significant difference in overall FLT3 expression was seen between mutant and WT cases. Interestingly the highest FLT3 expression level was seen in a wild type case that was highly sensitive to CEP701. Inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation appeared closely linked to FLT3 inhibition, although in some cases a good cytotoxic response was achieved despite failure to inhibit STAT5, suggesting involvment of other signalling pathways. In summary, although both CEP701 and PKC412 predictably and reliably inhibit FLT3 phosphorylation in primary AML blasts, their induction of cytotoxicity appears to be much more variable. A number of factors may influence this including variations in level of dependency on FLT3 signalling for blast survival, mutant to WT allele ratio and overall FLT3 expression level. Effects on targets other than FLT3 also need to be considered.

Paper 8: The Dynamic Performance of Tractor–Implement Combinations

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
M. J. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Significant Difference

The dynamic performance of tractor-implement combinations is considered theoretically in terms of the changes in load, weight transfer, and forward speed arising from variations in implement working depth. Two tractors, one having a top-link sensing control system and the other having a lower-link sensing control system, were modified so that the driving wheels ran eccentrically, imparting a sinusoidal variation in working depth to mounted implements and field tests were carried out using mouldboard and chisel ploughs. The draught and vertical forces between the tractors and implements were recorded continuously during the test runs, together with implement working depth, tractor engine speed, and forward speed. Measured variations in draught correlated well with the variations predicted from laboratory measurements of the tractor implement-control system characteristics. It is concluded, therefore, that field performance can be predicted from standard test data if such measurements are incorporated. The theoretical analysis is used to suggest optimum parameters for implement-control systems. With fully-mounted implements, no significant difference was found between top- and lower-link sensing systems which were otherwise similar. Chisel ploughs were shown to be more difficult to control than mouldboard ploughs. Higher sensititivies would be required to retain control at higher working speeds and also for operating semi-mounted implements with lower-link sensing systems. Semi-mounted chisel ploughs are likely to be more easily controlled than fully mounted ones, but semi-mounted mouldboard ploughs would be slightly more difficult to control than fully mounted ones. A small dead-band in the response characteristics of implement-control systems is shown to have negligible effect on performance, and current maximum rates of lift are likely to be adequate for control purposes.

scholarly journals Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and Spectral Integration in the Inferior Colliculus by Reducing GABAergic Inhibition

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1656-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Hurley ◽  
Jo Anne Tracy ◽  
Alexander Bohorquez
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Spectral Integration ◽  
Serotonin 1B Receptor

The selectivity of sensory neurons for stimuli is often shaped by a balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs, making this balance an effective target for regulation. In the inferior colliculus (IC), an auditory midbrain nucleus, the amplitude and selectivity of frequency response curves are altered by the neuromodulator serotonin, but the changes in excitatory-inhibitory balance that mediate this plasticity are not well understood. Previous findings suggest that the presynaptic 5-HT1B receptor may act to decrease the release of GABA onto IC neurons. Here, in vivo extracellular recording and iontophoresis of the selective 5-HT1B agonist CP93129 were used to characterize inhibition within and surrounding frequency response curves using two-tone protocols to indirectly measure inhibition as a decrease in spikes relative to an excitatory tone alone. The 5-HT1B agonist attenuated such two-tone spike reduction in a varied pattern among neurons, suggesting that the function of 5-HT1B modulation also varies. The hypothesis that the 5-HT1B receptor reduces inhibition was tested by comparing the effects of CP93129 and the GABAA antagonists bicuculline and gabazine in the same neurons. The effects of GABAA antagonists on spike count, tuning bandwidth, two-tone ratio, and temporal response characteristics mimicked those of CP93129 across the neuron population. GABAA antagonists also blocked or reduced the facilitation of evoked responses by CP93129. These results are all consistent with the reduction of GABAA-mediated inhibition by 5-HT1B receptors in the IC, resulting in an increase in the level of evoked responses in some neurons, and a decrease in spectral selectivity in others.

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