Identity and the theme of belonging in Seamus Heaney's Selected Poems

The heritage and history of the ancestors and the country are important parts of the history and culture of peoples. It is the vessel which their faith, traditions, authentic values, language, ideas, and way of life derived from. It also shapes their personality by culture, national identity, and creates the bridge of communication between generations. The identity and the sense of belonging can be traced in the early poems of Seamus Heaney: Digging (1966), Gravities (1966), Traditions (1972) and Anahorish (1972). Many critics consider this as only self-revelation or as a result of feeling guilty for leaving his family, land, and career. This study aims at proving that in spite of the fact that Heaney had left his place of birth and his parent’s tradition for choosing to be a writer, he presented poems that carry out the continuity of searching for the past and roots. The study concludes with that the sense of belonging has appeared through Heaneys early poems, reflecting his desire to plant the spirit of devotion to family, tradition, and Ireland.

The image of the Russian peasantry in A. Platonov’s the stories and plays during the Great Patriotic War

Fiction embodies the diverse cultural and historical memory of society and offers its own answers about the impact of war on a person, the long-term humanitarian consequences of the war. In his military stories and plays A. Platonov presented a wide panorama of images of the fighting people, among which the image of peasantry occupies a central place. Memory is considered as the leading concept of the writers creativity. Features of perception of war, life and death, good and evil by ordinary soldiers are revealed. A. Platonovs military stories are very significant for the cultural memory of Russian society. Focusing on the peasant roots of the fighting people, the writer warned of the danger of forgetting this. Platonovs constant interest in the memorial aspects of culture is realized in his military prose largely from the point of view of the world picture of Russian peasants. Village and its inhabitants, faith and family, land, bread, labor-symbols of the Motherland in Platonov, the embodiment of historical continuity. These aspects were reflected later in popular memories of the war, in the peasant perception of the war as sacrificial heroism.

SAR AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON BIODIVE RESOURCES CONSERVATION IN WASUR NATIONAL PARK AREA, PAPUA

The landscape ethnoecological study approach also explores the significance of local systems in understanding ecological sustainability, including its implementation in biocultural conservation education. In this view, a study has been carried out on the traditions of the indigenous people of Wasur Village in Wasur National Park, regarding the practice of sar rituals and their relationship with education in Wasur National Park for biodiversity conservation to obtain an initial view from a biological perspective. This study uses an ethnological study approach with data collection through free interview techniques to key informants, library surveys, and free lists. The results of interviews with key informants revealed that the sar tradition is a ritual of respecting relatives who have died through a prohibition on the use of all forms of resources on family land that was left behind for a thousand days of mourning. Based on the literature survey, it was found that the period of a thousand days can support the regeneration of several specific macropod species in the Trans Fly area such as Dorcopsis spp, Macropus agile, and Thylogale spp. Sar is an example of a sasi system known by several tribes on the north coast of Papua which is promoted as culture-based conservation

The Role of Informal Land Dispute Settlement Mechanisms on Family Land Ownership in Tanzania: A Case Study of Mbeya District, Mbeya Region

Informal land disputes settlement mechanisms epitomize a classic example of valuable and useful indigenous knowledge, which Africans have acquired for ages but is not being recognized and sometimes not fully utilized in contemporary African societies. The study aimed to assess the role of informal land dispute settlement mechanisms on family land ownership in Tanzania: A case of Mbeya district. The specific objectives of the study were to identify nature and causes of informal land dispute settlement mechanisms on family land ownership in Mbeya district and to examine the effectiveness of informal land dispute settlement mechanisms on family land ownership in Mbeya district. The study adopted case study research design, target population of the study was 446 respondents, and sample size of the study was 128 respondents. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative research approach data collection tools used was questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion. The study findings indicated that causes of disputes on family land ownership and effectiveness of informal dispute settlement mechanism significantly lead to family land ownership conflicts in Mbeya district as well as in Tanzania. The study concluded that informal land dispute settlement mechanisms help people within the community to attain land ownership through chiefs and community elders because this mechanism can strengthen solidarity, ethnics discipline in the community and recommended that the government should formulate policy and law governing informal land dispute settlement mechanisms on family land ownership to be accommodated in the local system to facilitate quickly land matters rather than depending on western system.

17. Informal trusts of land

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. The trust law that applies to family land might not be applicable to other types of land. Resulting trusts present a particular challenge in this regard. Although the doctrines of resulting trust have long been settled in the law of trusts, they have recently been questioned in the context of the family home. This chapter focuses on informal trusts of land and the social reasons why they are recognised, first looking at the problem of informality before turning to the different kinds of informal trusts of land. It also examines whether facts give rise to a resulting trust or a constructive trust, the practical significance of the distinction between constructive and resulting trusts of land, the relationship between proprietary estoppel and constructive trust, express agreement plus detrimental reliance, and the decision of the House of Lords in Stack v Dowden. The chapter concludes by considering some of the problems addressed by, and caused by, the operation of informal trusts in the context of cohabitation.

Introduction

This introduction introduces the basic predicament being faced by rice farmers in post-reform China: the conflicting pressures to both migrate into cities and yet preserve their family land resources in the countryside. It posits that paddy fields play a crucial role in shaping farmers’ migration strategies. More generally, it proposes that socio-technical resources and related skills are key factors in understanding migration flows and migrant-home relations. Furthermore, the chapter proposes a socio-technical approach to investigating this paddy field predicament and explains how this approach contributes to existing literature at the intersection of the literature on agriculture, migration, and skill. Finally, it introduces the main field site, a rice-farming village in southern China, and briefly discusses the data and sources.

The Hauntings and Heart of a Place

This autoethnographic research presents personal stories from the author, connecting family, land, and music. He recounts stories his Ojibwe grandmother shared about her time in Franz, a small railroad village in northeastern Ontario that is now a ghost town. The connection to Franz is established through memories from his grandmother. Inspired to write a song, the author aimed to reconnect to Franz itself. The study follows the author's personal journey to visit his grandmother's land for the first time, making new connections and stories along the way. The research utilizes Indigenous autoethnography, Indigenous storytelling, and arts-based methods, such as a/r/tography, to link his stories to those of his grandmother, resulting in a reflection of storytelling, community history, and (re)connection to land, woven together by stories from the family matriarch.

magistyka społeczno-kulturowa w średniowiecznej Serbii, czyli o strategii budowania wizerunku serbskich panujących

In the article, a phenomenon of promotion and marketing in the medieval Serbia was discussed, as well as the strategies of creating a specific, desired and functional image of the ruling dynasties. Due to this, the basic communication practices were recalled that is, a management of impression, building the so-called brand (social, political, cultural property of the dynasty, its family pattern), and also specifically conceived branding itself (that is, a management of consciousness and value of the dynastic brand), what ultimately proved that the lineage of social-cultural usage of images, along with the models and devices serving the politics of public relations is deeply rooted in the middle ages. The phenomenon of promotion and marketing in the medieval Serbia was presented on the basis of the medieval Serbian literature, hagiography, hymnography, historiography, and iconographic implementations were also included. The article presents images of rulers and dynasties prevailing in the historical, religious and ideological context, the phenomenon of promotion and marketing in the context of characteristic ideological structures, such as state and church tradition, imperial-monastic tradition, charismatic dynasty, sanctity of the ruling family, land and the Serbian nation e.t.c. The timeless phenomenon of promotion and marketing has been presented as a lasting component of shaping the culture model of the medieval Serbia.

Gender Inequality and Symbolic Violence in Women’s Access to Family Land in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

We set out to unveil gender inequality with respect to women’s access to family land following the surge in tree-planting in selected villages in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Specifically, the study describes land-transaction procedures at the household level and shows how the lack of women’s involvement in such land transactions affect their access to and control over family lands. Gender inequality is portrayed in a variety of social and economic activities, with women being deprived of access to, control over, and ownership of land. Although the current land laws address gender inequalities pertaining to women’s access to, ownership of, and control over land, the impact of such reforms has been minimal. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence, we reveal how women suffer symbolic violence through traditional practices of land management and administration. Societies in the studied villages are strongly patriarchal, with men being dominant and women subordinate. In such a patriarchal system, women’s empowerment is urgent. Women require knowledge and awareness of the laws and regulations that affirm their rights not only to family lands, but also to participation in decision-making processes regarding family assets. We recommend non-oppressive approaches to natural-resource management. As such, we call for existing authorities at the village and district levels, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and legal bodies to promote gender equality in land-management practices. We also advocate dialectical communication between women and men in order to reveal and heal practices of symbolic violence, and enhance gender equality in respect of access to land and its control and ownership in villages in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Effective implementation of existing land laws and regulations that address gender inequality and associated violence is unavoidable.