Comparative analysis of T and I Shaped Rectangular Mircostrip Patch Antenna for Wireless communication Applications

The following is an abstract of the paper, the mirror image design parameters and effective results for an antenna with a rectangular microstrip overlay using IE3D software is described that outcomes of the simulations and designs are displayed. The probe feed approach was used to generate the microstrip patch pattern. Such patch antennas have been investigated due to their large bandwidth and gain. This antenna is fabricated on an FR-4 epoxy substrate. This antenna’s performance and results are also matched to a standard rectangular patch antenna. Variables are utilized to improve the antenna’s simulation results are as position, space, length, and width of different mirror images T and I shaped antenna slots. The measured results from the simulated design show that the designed construction resonates at various closely separated frequencies that are within the frequency band allotment for wireless applications. At resonance frequencies of 2GHz to 3GHz, the bandwidth and return loss are significantly enhanced.

Polyurethane-urea-amide-based triblock copolymer contains functionalized polystyrene: Synthesis, characterization and solvent resistivity study

Synthesized polystyrene (PSt) with a molecular weight of 2100 g/mol, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), 6-hexylamino benzamide (6B), and N1-(6-aminohexyl)-N4-(6-benzoylaminohexyl)terephthalamide (6T6B) are used to make a copolymer of thermoplastic elastomers. The prepared polymers’ inherent viscosity results (0.4–1.1 dL/g) support the polymer’s high mass. The presence of a monodentate urea group in the polymer chain is confirmed by FT-IR tests. The temperature dependence of FT-IR confirms that the synthesized copolymer has a space length dependent reversible crystallinity. Data from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also shows that the hard segment crystallization is strong and reversible in nature. The XRD results show that the polymer is semi-crystalline. The TGA analysis confirmed that the synthesized copolymers are thermally stable up to 290°C. The presence of hydrogen bonds in polymer chains is thermally reversible. The polymer’s solvent resistivity is excellent due to its high crystallinity.

The Structure, Morphology, and Complex Permittivity of Epoxy Nanodielectrics with In Situ Synthesized Surface-Functionalized SiO2

Epoxy nanocomposites have demonstrated promising properties for high-voltage insulation applications. An in situ approach to the synthesis of epoxy-SiO2 nanocomposites was employed, where surface-functionalized SiO2 (up to 5 wt.%) is synthesized directly in the epoxy. The dispersion of SiO2 was found to be affected by both the pH and the coupling agent used in the synthesis. Hierarchical clusters of SiO2 (10-60 nm) formed with free-space lengths of 53–105 nm (increasing with pH or SiO2 content), exhibiting both mass and surface-fractal structures. Reducing the amount of coupling agent resulted in an increase in the cluster size (~110 nm) and the free-space length (205 nm). At room temperature, nanocomposites prepared at pH 7 exhibited up to a 4% increase in the real relative permittivity with increasing SiO2 content, whereas those prepared at pH 11 showed up to a 5% decrease with increasing SiO2 content. Above the glass transition, all the materials exhibited low-frequency dispersion effect resulting in electrode polarization, which was amplified in the nanocomposites. Improvements in the dielectric properties were found to be not only dependent on the state of dispersion, but also the structure and morphology of the inorganic nanoparticles.

Algorithms for selecting the outlines of objects images in intellectual video surveillance systems

Intensive development of means of receiving and transmitting digital images creates the problem of processing huge amounts of video information flows. There is a wide range of tasks in which images are considered as a source of information on the basis of which it is necessary to make a decision. Important tasks to be solved by intelligent video surveillance systems are: identification of objects and determination of their trajectories; measuring the speed of objects; detection of alarming events in the tasks of object-territorial protection in real time. One of the main operations in intelligent video surveillance systems in image processing for further analysis is the selection of contours of images of objects, because the contour contains all the necessary information to recognize objects by their shape. This approach allows you to not consider the internal points of the image and, thus, significantly reduce the amount of information processed. This makes it possible to analyze images in real time. Contour analysis is a set of methods for selecting, describing and processing image contours that allows you to describe, store, compare and search for objects presented in the form of their external contours, as well as effectively solve the main problems of pattern recognition — transfer, rotate and zoom image of the object. In this case, the contour means a space-length gap, difference or abrupt change in brightness values. The purpose of the publication is to consider the algorithms for selecting the contours of images of objects in the problems of detecting alarming events by intelligent video surveillance systems. The problem of selection of contours of images of objects in problems of detection of disturbing events by intelligent systems of video surveillance is considered. In order to improve the basic characteristics of intelligent video surveillance systems, algorithms for contouring images of objects are proposed to ensure the detection of four types of alarming events: the appearance and presence of the object in the surveillance zone, moving the object in the forbidden direction, leaving the object and overturning the object.

Simulative Study of Simple Ring Resonator Based Brewster Plate for Power System operation Stability

<span>This study has outlined the simulative study of simple ring resonator based Brewster plate in the air. The obtained results are achieved with the variations of space length, curvature radius and phase angle of the </span><span>spherical mirror</span><span>. Beam radius criterion and stability parameters are measured with the variations of </span><span>refractive index</span><span> and thickness of Brewster plate in the air. The negative and positive effects of increasing operating parameters are observed on the performance of ring resonator system efficiency. </span>

Morphological and genetic variation of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in carriers in Thailand, Lao PDR and Myanmar: evaluation using Giemsa-stained thick blood films

There is geographical variation in the morphology and genetics of Wuchereria bancrofti, the major cause of human lymphatic filariasis. This study aims to compare morphological and genetic variation of W. bancrofti microfilariae recovered from carriers in Lao PDR, Myanmar and Thailand. Six morphological parameters (body length, cephalic space length and width, length of head to nerve ring, body width at nerve ring, Innenkȍrper length and number of column nuclei between the cephalic space and nerve ring) were evaluated from microfilariae in Giemsa-stained thick blood films. A portion of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced and analysed. Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae showed a wide variation in their morphology and morphometry among three countries. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all microfilariae belonged to W. bancrofti. Higher mutation frequencies were observed in samples from Myanmar, relative to Thailand and Lao PDR. This study highlights the morphological disparities of microfilariae and genetic variability within W. bancrofti among three geographical locations. We found that reported morphometric differences between localities were less clear-cut than previously thought. Further studies are needed to determine the microfilarial periodicity in Lao PDR.

Minimum space length

We follow some logical principles to conclude there is a minimal length.

Potential of gear-ring turbulator in three-dimensional heat exchanger tube from second law of thermodynamic viewpoint

PurposeThis paper aims to use the second law of thermodynamic to evaluate the potential of gear-ring turbulator in a three-dimensional heat exchanger tube. Accordingly, a numerical simulation is performed to obtain the irreversibilities in a three-dimensional heat exchanger tube equipped with some gear-ring turbulators for turbulence regime.Design/methodology/approachA numerical simulation is performed to obtain the irreversibilities in a three-dimensional heat exchanger tube equipped with some gear-ring turbulators for turbulence regime. The analysis is carried out based on shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulent model. The influences of different parameters containing tooth number, free-space length ratios and Reynolds number on frictional and thermal irreversibilities and Bejan number are discussed.FindingsThe results indicated that the thermal irreversibility reduces by decreasing the tooth number. For example, the thermal entropy generation decreases about 25.81 per cent by decreasing the tooth number in the range of 24 to 0 at Re = 6,000. Moreover, the frictional entropy generation decreases by increasing the tooth number as the gear with more tooth number causes a lower flow disturbance.Originality/valueThe present study arranged a numerical work to study the potential of a gear-ring turbulator in a heat exchanger tube from first and second laws of thermodynamic viewpoint. The turbulent flow is considered for this problem. The literature review showed that the usage of a gear-ring turbulator in a heat exchanger tube is not investigated from the second law of thermodynamic viewpoint by previous studies. As a result, the influences of different parameters containing tooth number, free-space length ratios and Reynolds number on frictional and thermal irreversibilities and Bejan number are discussed.

Hallux Valgus Patients, Why Are They Happy?

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: AOFAS score and angular changes are used widely to assess hallux valgus surgery. But our previous study showed us that these parameters do not reflect patient subjective satisfaction after surgery, angular changes do not correlate with patient satisfaction, and a subjective satisfaction scale must be used. So can we find a measurable parameter that reflects patient satisfaction? The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of percental reduction of first web space length (FWSL) on patient satisfaction, and if it can be used as a measurable parameter for this. Methods: Fifty feet of thirty-seven patients were included to the study. All patients were operated between 2010 and 2014. Same surgical technique (Lindgren-Turan osteotomy)used for operations. Patients were evaluated by using hallux valgus angle (HVA),1-2 intermetatarsal angle (IMA), first web space length (FWSL), AOFAS scores. On the final follow-up they were asked to scale their postoperative satisfaction between 1-10;as for 1-2 very unsatisfied, 3-4 unsatisfied, 5-6 neither unsatisfied nor satisfied, 7-8 satisfied, 9-10 very satisfied. The percental changes of HVA, IMA, and FWSL were compared with AOFAS score, and satisfaction scales. Results: Average age was 45,50±12,23 (22-68) years. Mean follow-up was 41,68±14,46 (24-68) months. 29 of 50 feet were right side, 21 were left. Preoperative HVAs have been changed from 32,52±5,19 to 11,58±4,70 degrees (p=0,001; p<0,01). Preoperative IMAs have been changed from 15,00±3,56 to 5,75±2,45 degrees (p=0,001; p<0,01). Preoperative AOFAS scores have been changed from 75,04±5,54 to 93,14±6,25 points (p=0,001; p<0,01). Preoperative FWSL changed from 14,5 (10-22) mm to 7,5 (5-14) mm (p=0,001; p<0,01). Postoperative satisfaction scale was 8,60±0,67 (7-10) points. When HVA and IMA percental changes were compared with AOFAS percental changes, they have shown a negative statistical significance according to Spearman’s Correlation Analysis. When AOFAS percental changes have been compared with satisfaction scale, they have shown a positive statistical significance. When FWSL percental changes were compared with AOFAS percental changes and satisfaction scale it has shown a positive statistical significance for both parameters according to Spearman’s Correlation Analysis. Conclusion: According to our results; we believe that the changes of FWSL have an influence on patient satisfaction. It is correlated both with AOFAS, and subjective satisfaction scale. It can be used as a measurable parameter to search for patients satisfaction. Angular changes do not have an influence on patients satisfaction. May be FWSL should also be used for surgical indications?