Demonstrative protest crime: the limits of criminological analysis

Classical and network protest always assumes mass character. In this regard, the study of protest movements should assume: a) The analysis of many protest actions; b) the analysis of each individual protest action as a manifestation of the phenomenon of collective behavior. At the same time, the first level is important in the context of ensuring the representativeness of the second type of research. «Collective action» and «action of a team member» are fundamentally important. The regulatory system always deals with the assessment of the behavior of a particular person. In this regard, criminology and criminal law should not focus on the protest actions themselves, but on the behavior of individuals within the framework of these actions. In the theoretical analysis of the behavior of these individual participants of mass actions, it is necessary to distinguish: a) actions performed during a mass action, and actions that ensure the protest action itself, which can be performed both before and after it; b) actions of organizers, inspirers, leaders of protest actions, and actions of ordinary participants of the protest action; c) actions related to the organization and participation in mass actions coordinated by the official authorities, and in those not coordinated by the official authorities; d) lawful actions and illegal actions, and among the latter - criminally illegal and administratively illegal; e) intellectual, informational actions, and physical actions. To describe these actions, the article suggests using the term «demonstrative protest crimes». They are: a) associated with a well-defined sphere of public relations that arise in the process of interaction between a person, society and the authorities; b) they are imbued with the unity of motivational factors and the characteristics of the personality of the participants; c) they have a common determinative complex and a common mechanism for their commission; d) they have a distinct separation by the place and time of their commission; e) they assume a specific type and mechanism for the implementation of preventive measures. These signs allow us to consider demonstrative protest crimes as a separate, independent type of crime.

Covid-19 dan Gerakan Sosial Perempuan

This study explains how social movements are initiated by women's groups. The movement carried out penetrates various spaces in the social environment and even traditional institutions as groups that have authority. Through a descriptive approach and in-depth interview techniques, this study answers questions about how women's groups carry out social movements by constructing the issue of the non-transparent distribution of Covid-19 aid. Thus, the mobilizing structure, which is carried out systematically, attracts traditional institutions (ninik mamak) in the vortex of conflict. This study found that the sources of issues from social movements carried out by women's groups were (a) information from the deputy governor regarding the distribution of Covid-19 aid, (b) nepotism and collusion from the nagari government. Two framing issues (framing) are then packaged through social media to attract the power to carry out mass actions (demonstrations). This study concludes that the demonstration of women giving birth is a new policy related to the distribution of Covid-19 by the government.

The cult of Adam Mickiewicz in “Soviet paradise” (Lviv 1939–1941)

An ideologization of Mickiewicz began with the arrival of “Soviet paradise” and it was intensified with the Soviet presence in the former Kresy region. Mickiewicz’s politicization primarily served to encourage mass actions: rallies, academies, commemorative exhibitions, and jubilee celebrations. They put effort into placing Mickiewicz in the pantheon of internationalist artists, revolutionaries-democrats, heroes who fight for the freedom of the people, eulogists of Polish-Russian rapprochement. His carefully selected works were used as a propaganda discourse about the “one correct” vision of literature which confirms the strength and timelessness of socialist literature. The most popular linguistic strategy used in the official press (Czerwony Sztandar) was the strategy of apparent praise.

LEGAL BASIS OF INTERACTION OF BODIES AND DIVISIONS OF THE NATIONAL POLICE WITH LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT BODIES IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER

The article analyzes the state of legislation as for provisions on the interaction of bodies and units of the National Police with local self governments in the field of public safety and order. The main directions of improving the legal basis of interaction of these bodies in this area are substantiated. One of the factors influencing the state of public safety and order in settlements is the degree of interaction of bodies and subdivisions of the National Police with local self-government bodies representing the respective territorial communities. According to the results of the study, the following areas of improvement of the legal basis for the interaction of bodies and units of the National Police with local self governments in the field of public safety and order were proposed: 1) standardization of the terms of cooperation of the specified bodies concerning maintenance of public safety and order in connection with the organization and carrying out of peaceful meetings and other mass actions; 2) consolidation of the recommended order of interaction between these bodies during the development and implementation of program documents on public safety and order; 3) determining the procedure for coordination by local self governments and the National Police in the field of coordination and control over the activities of public formations with regard of protection of public order and the state border; 4) legislative consolidation of the possibility of concluding agreements on interaction and coordination of activities by territorial police bodies and local self-government bodies; 5) determining the procedures for approval by territorial bodies (subdivisions) of the National Police of decisions of local self-government bodies on the issues of traffic organization and functioning of public transport. Separate elaboration requires regulatory regulation of relations arising in connection with the conduct of joint raids by representatives of local governments and the National Police and inspections of compliance with legislation in the field of landscaping, trade rules, etc. The search for optimal solutions to this problem should be the subject of further research.

Control of Audiences through Information Communication Technology in the Perspective of Communication Psychology

This journal discusses audience control through information and communication technology in the perspective of communication psychology through studying phenomena with a literature approach. Information and communication technology (ICT) is capable of providing a controlling effect for individuals and society. In fact, from 2014-2019 there were mass actions carried out by a group of masses. Some have named it the MUI Fatwa Guard National Movement (GNPF-MUI) Action 411 and 212 until the mass action which took place on May 22, 2019 and on September 26, 2019. Various news has spread through the sophistication of information and communication technology through media applications social facebook, instagram, whatsapp information spreads so massively. This has an effect on controlling the behavior of individuals and communities (audiences), so that so many audiences who are exposed to information are unable to stem and carry out searches related to the information obtained, resulting in behavior in accordance with the expectations of the information disseminators. In this case it can be concluded that the effect of media can affect perceptions, down to the aspects of affection and behavior. Communication psychology provides a relevant understanding perspective related to these various phenomena. Individuals and societies when using information and communication technology involve perceptions, memories, needs, values, attitudes, motives, motivations, personality, knowledge, emotions, skills and personal and social interpretations. Thus it can be concluded that information and communication technology in use today can have an impact on audiences in aspects of perception, affection, and behavior. So without realizing it information technology can be used for the benefit of various individuals or groups in controlling audiences.

Violence or nonviolence: instrumental nature of protest mobilization

Protest mobilization is a complex multifaceted process, the implementation of which depends on the range objective and subjective factors. Recurrent mass protests aimed against the activity of government structures in different regions of the world, as well as unprecedented decrease in violence worldwide, actualize the questions associated with the motives of protest activity, as well as the instruments that characterize protest mobilization. The subject of this research is the instruments of protest political mobilization. The goal consists in delineating the boundaries of resorting to violence and nonviolence as the instruments of protest mobilization. Leaning on the principles of Charles Tilly’s Repertoire of Contention towards analysis of violence and nonviolence in political activity, as well as using the analysis of relevant data on the practices of protest activity, the authors formulate the following conclusions: 1) both violent and nonviolent instruments, which intersect within the framework of mass actions to various extent, underlie protest activity; 2) violence is an integral part of mass protests, however, the magnitude and intensity of violence is determined by the level of political dissatisfaction of the subjects of collective activity and the scale of available resource base; 3) statistically, nonviolent forms of mass protest are more successful in attaining the goals by the subjects of mobilization.

Public art as the art of large areas. Inclusion of the audience, as well as the mass audience, in an artistic situation and in an artistic action. Scientifi c and methodological materials for the "Design" training program

The article shows that changes in the human environment associated with urbanization and scientific and technological progress have provided new opportunities and challenges for artists. Accordingly, it has given rise to new trends, for instance, the decoration of huge anthropogenic spaces, including industrial zones, city streets and squares. The art of mass actions has also flourished. The origins of all this can be seen in medieval festivals, both religious and secular (carnivals, festivals, parades, processions, etc.). However, the twentieth century gave them a special mass character, organization, technotronicity, and regularity, which allowed artists who specialize in such events to stand apart professionally. At present, the art of organizing mass actions is even taught in institutions of higher education as a separate discipline.

Partisipasi Politik Umat Islam dalam Aksi Massa 212 dan Implikasinya terhadap Wajah Islam Indonesia

This article is based on premises that mass actions are something common in a democratic country. Mass actions such as defending Islam actions (The 212 rally) “Aksi Bela Islam 212” are one of the form public political participation. If likened to on organ in body, the public political participation takes the most vital one. The 212 rally that took place at the end of 2016 have formed new alliances which often take action by labelling themselves as the 212 rally. This series of mass actions had given an impact to the state (especially in terms of ideological and practical politics) and religious life. This article shows that the post mass of the 212 rally has opens up opportunities for the beares of the idea sharia Indonesia and khilafah concept to step forward and showing their existence –although in terms of quantity they are a minority. In relation to practicel politics, alliances which are member of the alumni 212 brotherhood have determined political elections for certain presidential candidates and political parties in 2019 elections. As for religious life, the 212 rally post mass has caused tension due to defferences in attitudes torwards political action and choices.Viewed from public political participation perspective, the 212 rally in 2nd December 2016 contributed to government policy in the blasphemy case by Basuki Tjahaja Purnama.

ANALISIS FRAMING "AKSI BELA ISLAM" SEBAGAI DAKWAH ISLAM DI RIAU POS

This article aims to examine how the representation of Action to Defend Islam in Riau Pos newspaper. Action to Defend Islam shows peaceful action of Muslims which contains messages of da'wah. This study uses qualitative content analysis by Robert N. Entman's model. The news examined was published during the action on 14 October 2017 until 5 May 2017 in the Riau Pos newspaper. The results of this study shows that the Action to Defend Islam contains the message of da'wah to carry out mass actions in peace and ordered; action to defend Alquran; action to obey the leader; and action to strengthen brotherhood among Muslims.

Online Rebellion: Self-Organized Criticality of Contemporary Protest Movements

The theory of self-organized criticality (SOC) is applicable for explaining powerful surges of protest activity on social media. The objects of study were two protest clusters. The first was a set of Facebook groups that promoted the impeachment of the Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff. The second was a set of groups on the social network Vkontakte that provided support for anti-government rallies in Armenia, referred to as Electric Yerevan. Numerous groups in the examined clusters were functioning in SOC mode during certain periods. Those clusters were able to generate information avalanches—seemingly spontaneous, powerful surges of creation, transmission, and reproduction of information. The facts are presented that supported the assumptions that SOC effects in social networks are associated with mass actions on the streets, including violence. The observations of SOC make it possible to reveal certain periods when the course of a sociopolitical system is least stable.