scholarly journals Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6780
Author(s):  
Rubén Sánchez-López ◽  
Ibon Echeazarra ◽  
Julen Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Generalizability Analysis ◽  
Attack And Defense ◽  
Tactical Knowledge

The use of instruments for the evaluation of a player’s procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) in sociomotor sports, such as football, is a line of research of growing interest since it allows a pertinent description of the player’s football competence. The aim of this study is to configure and validate an ad-hoc observational tool that allows evaluating the player’s PTK, understood as football competence, from the observation, coding and recording of the roles, the actions of the acquired subroles and the operational and specific principles of football in the attack and defense phases. Based on the Delphi method, a field format coding instrument was designed and validated where each criterion is a system of categories, exhaustive and mutually exclusive. The results showed excellent content validity (9.02 out of 10), and high values of intra-observer stability (k = 0.747) and inter-observer agreement (k = 0.665). Generalizability analysis showed an excellent reliability (G = 0.99). Additionally, the construct validity of the tool was calculated through a small-sided game Gk + 4v4 + Gk, using two independent samples: semi-professional and amateur players. The results reflected significant differences (α < 0.05) between both samples in the variables total score, offensive score and defensive score. Therefore, this study provides a valid and reliable instrument that allows data collection in a rigorous and pertinent way, as well as their analysis and evaluation in attack and defense according to the roles of the players and based on the motor behaviors that they perform using the subroles that they acquired, associated with the technical dimension, along with the principles that they develop in parallel, in support of the tactical dimension.

scholarly journals Análisis de coordenadas polares para el estudio de los sistemas defensivos en balonmano

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Jorge Jimenez Salas ◽  
Juan Pablo Morillo Baro ◽  
Rafael E. Reigal ◽  
Verónica Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Hernández-Mendo
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Observation Unit ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
The Face ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Generalizability Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación de diferentes comportamientos tácticos ofensivos con las conductas mostradas en los dos principales sistemas defensivos en balonmano. Para ello se realizó un análisis de coordenadas polares utilizando como conductas focales aquellas que identifican los principales sistemas defensivos y las acciones ofensivas con o sin transformaciones. Se observaron 538 situaciones correspondientes a 5 partidos de la primera división nacional española masculina con el software Hoisan utilizándose una herramienta diseñada ad hoc. El diseño observacional usado fue nomotético, puntual y seguimiento, siendo la unidad de observación la situación de defensa del equipo observado. Los resultados del análisis de la Calidad del Dato y Generalizabilidad muestran índices convincentes para los modelos utilizados. Los resultados del análisis de Coordenadas Polares muestran la mayor capacidad de oposición del sistema defensivo 5:1 al ataque. También destaca que la transformación atacante de 3:3 a 2:4 se usa más ante defensas abiertas y elicita el aumento de aparición de sanciones disciplinarias La herramienta observacional diseñada y la utilización de la técnica de coordenadas polares para la estimación de relaciones tácticas permite definir procedimientos de intervención que optimicen los recursos del entrenamiento y la competición en balonmano. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of different offensive tactical performances with the behaviours shown in the two main defensive systems in handball. For this, an analysis of polar coordinates was carried out using as focal behaviors those wich identify the main defensive systems and the offensive actions with or without transformations. There were 538 situations corresponding to 5 matches of the first Spanish national men's division with the Hoisan software by making use of an ad hoc tool. The observational design used was nomothetic, punctual and monitoring, the observation unit being the defense situation of the monitored team. The results of the Data Quality and Generalizability analysis show convincing rates for the models used. The results of the Polar Coordinates analysis show the greater oppositional capacity of the 5: 1 defensive system to attack. It also highlights that the attacking transformation from 3:3 to 2:4 is used more in the face of open defenses and it elicits an increase in the appearances of disciplinary sanctions. The observational tool designed and the use of the polar coordinate technique for the estimation of tactical relationships allows to define intervention procedures that optimize the resources of training and competition in handball. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação de diferentes comportamentos táticos ofensivos com os comportamentos mostrados nos dois principais sistemas defensivos do handebol. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise das coordenadas polares utilizando como comportamentos focais aqueles que identificam os principais sistemas defensivos e as ações ofensivas com ou sem transformações. Havia 538 situações correspondentes a 5 partidas da primeira divisão masculina nacional espanhola com o software Hoisan, usando uma ferramenta projetada ad hoc. O desenho observacional utilizado foi nomotético, pontual e de acompanhamento, sendo a unidade de observação a situação de defesa do equipamento observado. Os resultados da análise de qualidade dos dados e generalização mostram índices convincentes para os modelos utilizados. Os resultados da análise das coordenadas polares mostram a maior capacidade de oposição do sistema defensivo 5: 1 de ataque. Destaca também que a transformação de ataque de 3: 3 para 2: 4 é mais usada em face de defesas abertas e provoca o aumento da aparência de sanções disciplinares. A ferramenta de observação projetada e o uso da técnica de coordenadas polares para a estimativa de relações táticas permitem definir procedimentos de intervenção que otimizam os recursos de treinamento e competição no handebol.

scholarly journals Promoting Interpersonal Relationships through Elbow Tag, a Traditional Sporting Game. A Multidimensional Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7887
Author(s):  
Verónica Muñoz-Arroyave ◽  
Miguel Pic ◽  
Rafael Luchoro-Parrilla ◽  
Jorge Serna ◽  
Cristòfol Salas-Santandreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The aim of this research was to study from a multidimensional point of view (decisional, relational and energetic) the interpersonal relationships established by girls and boys in the traditional sport game of Elbow Tag. Scientific evidence has shown that Traditional Sport Games (TSG) trigger different effects on male and female genders in relation to emotional experiences, decision-making, conflicts and motor relationships. Despite the fact that these dimensions are intertwined, there are hardly any studies that interpret motor behaviors holistically, i.e., taking a multidimensional (360°) view of these dimensions. For this study, a quasi-experimental design was used and a type III design was applied, inspired by the observational methodology N/P/M. A total of 147 university students participated (M = 19.6, SD = 2.3): 47 girls (31.97%) and 100 boys (68.02%). A mixed ‘ad hoc’ registration system was designed with acceptable margins of data quality. Cross-tabulations, classification trees and T-patterns analysis were applied. The results indicated that social interactions between girls and boys in a mixed group were unequal. This difference was mainly due to decision-making (sub-role variable), which has much greater predictive power than the energetic variables (MV and steps).

scholarly journals Atmospheric Mercury Concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Sprovieri ◽  
Nicola Pirrone ◽  
Mariantonia Bencardino ◽  
Francesco D’Amore ◽  
Francesco Carbone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Long-term monitoring data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (www.gmos.eu), and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad-hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere, as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010–2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.

scholarly journals Effect of Pitch Size on Technical-Tactical Actions of the Goalkeeper in Small-Sided Games

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jara ◽  
Enrique Ortega ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Gómez ◽  
Pilar Sainz de Baranda
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test

Abstract The aim of this paper was to determine how the size of the pitch affected technical and tactical actions of the goalkeeper when playing small-sided games. The participants were 13 male youth players, including 3 goalkeepers. Three different pitch sizes were used (62 x 44 m; 50 x 35 m; 32 x 23 m). On each pitch, the players played three matches of 8 minutes, with 5-minute breaks between matches. Numerous variables were recorded and examined: defensive and offensive technical and tactical actions, opponent’s shooting zone, length and zone of the offensive action, and goal zone where the shoot was directed. An ad hoc observational tool was used. A descriptive analysis was described. The Fisher’s exact test was used when the expected distribution was below 5 or included values below 1%. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The results showed that the technical-tactical actions of the goalkeeper differed among pitch sizes. In defensive actions, when the pitch was larger, the 1-on-1 situations took precedence, whereas when the pitch was smaller, the proportion of blocks increased. In offensive actions, the goalkeepers did not show a wide variety of actions when the pitch was larger, but when the pitch was smaller, passes with a hand or foot increased. These results show that the size should be taken into account when planning and designing tasks.

COMPASS-AR

2021 ◽  
pp. 314-339
Author(s):  
M. Esther Del-Moral ◽  
Lourdes Villalustre ◽  
María del Rosario Neira-Piñeiro
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Evaluation Instrument ◽  
Sphericity Test ◽  
Reliable Instrument

A description and psychometric validation is offered of the evaluation instrument COMPASS-Ar, conceived to check the level of competence achieved by future teachers—after participating in the ITINER-Ar Project (2018-19)—in the collaborative design of augmented didactic itineraries (ADIs) using augmented reality. This instrument—assessed by experts—consists of 30 items to measure the acquired didactic, digital, socio-collaborative, and creative competences involved in ADI development on the basis of an analytical rubric—created ad hoc and validated by means of the Delphi method—which specifies the requirements of each score through a (1-5) Likert-type scale. After evaluating a sample of 322 subjects, the assessment of reliability provided a Cronbach's alpha = .979. Construct validity was tested using factor analysis. Both the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett's sphericity test revealed that the instrument under study has a unidimensional nature. It can be concluded that this is a valid and reliable instrument.

scholarly journals Sistema de observación para analizar la interacción en el juego de Boccia por equipos

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Daniel Lapresa Ajamil ◽  
Javier Pascual Laguna ◽  
Javier Arana ◽  
M. Teresa Anguera
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Observation Instrument ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Disability Group ◽  
Generalizability Study

Se ha diseñado un instrumento de observación ad hoc, combinación de formato de campo y sistemas de categorías, que permite analizar la interacción social -conductas prosociales y antisociales- que tiene lugar en la competición por equipos en el juego de boccia. El registro y codificación de los datos se ha desarrollado mediante el software Lince. La validez de contenido del instrumento de observación ha quedado avalada por el equipo técnico de la Selección Española de boccia. Los resultados relativos a la concordancia entre los registros generados por tres observadores diferentes, calculada mediante el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen, indican una elevada fiabilidad de los datos obtenidos mediante el sistema de observación. En el seno de la teoría de la Generalizabilidad, mediante el software SAGT, se ha desarrollado el plan de medida [Jugador] [Categoría] / [Parcial], que ha permitido asegurar que, con el número de parciales analizados, se consigue una elevada fiabilidad de precisión de generalización. Además, se ha procedido a la optimización del plan de medida [Parciales] [Categorías] / [Jugador]. La operatividad del sistema de observación desarrollado ha quedado patente en los T-patterns detectados mediante el software Theme, versión 6. Edu. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que el juego de boccia constituye un entorno favorable de elevado valor formativo para el colectivo de la discapacidad. The observation instrument was purpose-built and combines a field format with systems of categories. The observation instrument allows to analyze the social interaction -prosocial and antisocial behaviors- that takes place in team boccia competition. The content validity of the observation instrument has been guaranteed by the coaching staff of the Boccia Spanish Team. The data were coded with the Lince software programme. Cohen's Kappa coefficient obtained by comparing the data sets generated by three observers indicates a high reliability of the data. We also performed a generalizability study, [Player][Category]/[End], demonstrating the consistency of the data based on the Ends observed. The application of the optimization module for [End][Category]/[Player] facets showed us how many players would constitute an optimal sample in future studies. The practical application of the observation system was demonstrated by performing T-pattern analysis using Theme software programme. The results obtained show that boccia is a very favorable educational environment for the disability group. O instrumento de observação foi construído ad hoc e combina um formato de campo com sistemas de categorias. O instrumento de observação permite analisar a interação social - comportamentos anti-sociais e anti-sociais - que ocorre na competição de bocha em equipe. A validade de conteúdo do instrumento de observação foi garantida pela equipe técnica da Equipe Espanhola de Boccia. Os dados foram codificados com o programa de software Lince. Coeficiente Kappa de Cohen obtido pela comparação dos conjuntos de dados gerados por três observadores indica alta confiabilidade dos dados. Também realizamos um estudo de generalização [Jogador] [Categoria] / [Parcial], demonstrando a consistência dos dados com base nas extremidades observadas. A aplicação do módulo de otimização para as facetas [Parciales] [Categorias] / [Jogador] nos mostrou quantos jogadores seriam uma ótima amostra em estudos futuros. A aplicação prática do sistema de observação foi demonstrada através da análise do padrão T usando o programa de software Theme. Os resultados obtidos são desprezíveis que o jogo de bocha é constituído por um formulário de valor favorável para o colectivo da discapacidade.

An ontological approach to engineering requirement representation and analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alolika Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Farhad Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Automated Reasoning ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Ontological Approach ◽  
Engineering Requirement

AbstractRequirement planning is one of the most critical tasks in the product development process. Despite its significant impact on the outcomes of the design process, engineering requirement planning is often conducted in an ad hoc manner without much structure. In particular, the requirement planning phase suffers from a lack of quantifiable measures for evaluating the quality of the generated requirements and also a lack of structure and formality in representing engineering requirements. The main objective of this research is to develop a formal Web Ontology Language ontology for standard representation of engineering requirements. The proposed ontology uses explicit semantics that makes the ontology amenable to automated reasoning. To demonstrate how the proposed ontology can support requirement analysis and evaluation in engineering design, three possible services enabled by the ontology are introduced in this paper. These services are information content measurement, specificity and completeness analysis, and requirement classification. The proposed ontology and its associated algorithms and tools are validated experimentally in this work.

Repercusiones defensivas del ataque sin portera en el balonmano femenino europeo de élite (Defensive repercussions of the attack without a goalkeeper in European elite womens handball)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Camila Bonjour ◽  
Diego Andres Tortajada ◽  
Gonzalo Dol ◽  
Andres Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Observational Methodology ◽  
Numerical Equality ◽  
Attack Phase ◽  
Observational Design

  El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la eficacia de las secuencias de ataque utilizando el cambio de portera - jugadora de campo y sus consecuencias en la siguiente fase defensiva en el balonmano femenino de élite. Se utilizó la metodología observacional. Se empleó un diseño observacional puntual, nomotético y multidimensional. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 571 secuencias de ataque de 50 partidos pertenecientes a la EHF Champions League 2018-2019 de balonmano femenino. Se elaboró un instrumento observacional ad hoc que presenta la combinación de formato de campo y sistemas de categorías. La calidad del dato fue probada mediante concordancia inter e intra observadores. Los resultados destacan que el principal motivo por el cual se hizo uso de la regla que posibilita el cambio portera-jugadora fue mantener la igualdad numérica luego de haber sufrido una sanción disciplinaria, y en menor medida para generar superioridad numérica 7x6. La eficacia presentó los valores más altos cuando se utilizó para generar superioridad numérica. Las situaciones de igualdad numérica 6x6 arrojaron peores valores tanto en eficacia lanzamiento como en pérdidas de pelota. Se concluye que los equipos al atacar con portería vacía asumen un riesgo importante de recibir un gol de forma rápida si el ataque no finaliza en gol, ya que las consecuencias defensivas inmediatas están directamente relacionadas con la eficacia en la fase de ataque.  Abstract. The objective of this research was to analyze the efficacy of the attack sequences performance using the goalkeeper-field player change and its consequences in the following defensive phase in the women´s handball elite. The observational methodology was used. The observational design was punctual, nomothetic and multidimensional.  The sample was 571 attack sequences from 50 matches from EHF Women´s Handball Champion League 2018-2019. An ad hoc observational instrument was developed that presents the combination of field format and category systems. The quality of data was tested by inter and intra observer agreement. The results highlight that the main reason why the rule that makes the goalkeeper-field player change possible was used was to maintain numerical equality after having suffered a disciplinary sanction, and to a less extent to generate 7x6 numerical superiority. The effectiveness presented the highest values when used to generate numerical superiority. The 6x6 numerical equality situations throw worse values in both shooting efficacy and lost balls. It is concluded that the teams assume a significant risk of receiving a goal quickly if the attack does not end in goal, since the immediate defensive consequences are directly related to the effectiveness in the attack phase.

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