The Anatomy of Glenoid Concavity—Bony and Osteochondral Assessment of a Stability-Related Parameter

Glenoid concavity is a crucial factor for glenohumeral stability. However, the distribution of this stability-related parameter has not been focused on in anatomical studies. In this retrospective study, computed tomography (CT) data and tactile measurements of n = 27 human cadaveric glenoids were analyzed with respect to concavity. For this purpose, the bony and osteochondral shoulder stability ratio (BSSR/OSSR) were determined based on the radius and depth of the glenoid shape in eight directions. Various statistical tests were performed for the comparison of directional concavity and analysis of the relationship between superoinferior and anteroposterior concavity. The results proved that glenoid concavity is the least distinctive in anterior, posterior, and anterosuperior direction but increases significantly toward the superior, anteroinferior, and posteroinferior glenoid. The OSSR showed significantly higher concavity than the BSSR for most of the directions considered. Moreover, the anteroposterior concavity is linearly correlated with superoinferior concavity. The nonuniform distribution of concavity indicates directions with higher stability provided by the anatomy. The linear relationship between anteroposterior and superoinferior concavity may motivate future research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to optimize clinical decision-making toward more personalized treatment of glenoid bone loss.

n Adaptive Sparse Array Beamforming Algorithm Based on Approximate L0-norm and Logarithmic Cost

This paper introduces a constrained normalized adaptive sparse array beamforming algorithm based on approximate L0-norm and logarithmic cost (L0-CNLMLS). The proposed algorithm can control the sparsity of the array by introducing an approximate function of L0-norm. In addition, the introduction of logarithmic cost improves the stability of the algorithm as well as the convergence rate of the algorithm. The sparsity of the array can be controlled when adjusting related parameter in the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show the better performance of L0-CNLMLS compared with some conventional algorithms.

The modified Lindstedt–Poincare method for solving quadratic nonlinear oscillators

Recently, an analytical solution of a quadratic nonlinear oscillator has been presented based on the harmonic balance method. By introducing a small parameter, a set of nonlinear algebraic equations have been solved which usually appear among unknown coefficients of several harmonic terms. But the method is not suitable for all quadratic oscillators. Earlier, introducing a small parameter to the frequency series, Cheung et al. modified the Lindstedt–Poincare method and used it to solve strong nonlinear oscillators including a quadratic oscillator. But due to some limitations of both parameters, a changed form of frequency-related parameter (introduced by Cheung et al.) has been presented for solving various quadratic oscillators.

LEXICAL COLLOQUIALISMS AS AN ISSUE OF LITERARY TRANSLATION

The article is devoted to the analysis of translation techniques of English lexical colloquialisms into Ukrainian. Lexical colloquialisms are widely represented in the modern fiction that is caused by the tendency to maximal naturalness. Artistic relevance of lexical colloquialisms in a literary text (imitation and stylization of colloquial speech, characteristics of a hero, his / her attitude to the reality) proves the importance of their adequate rendering in the target text. The degree of ethical depth serves as a criterion for singling out the categories of lexical colloquialisms. The lowest degree is attributed to general colloquialisms, the highest one to vulgarisms and the medium degree to slangisms. Stylistic equivalent, descriptive translation, compensation, omission, cause and effect substitution, generalization, antonymic translation, addition are proved to be the main techniques of translating lexical colloquialisms. Significant neutralization of stylistically reduced words in the Ukrainian translation is revealed. The degree of ethical depth of a considerable number of lexical correspondences is proved to be higher than the one of the units of the original text. Decrease of expressiveness (increase of the degree of ethical depth) is extremely evident when translating vulgarisms. Euphemisation of vulgarisms is applied by the translator three times more than disphemisation. The general number of the units of the lexical colloquialisms translated with the preservation of the degree of ethical depth makes 52,6 %, while decrease of the degree of the original ethical depth amounts to 8 % and increase of the related parameter makes 39,4 %. 19,5 % of the units of the English lexical colloquialisms are not rendered into Ukrainian at all. These facts prove distortion of the speech of the main hero caused by its artificial ennoblement.

KONSTITUSIONALITAS MODEL PENGISIAN JABATAN WAKIL KEPALA DAERAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH (PILKADA)

The local government is very important in the context of unitary state according to Indonesia Constitution (UUD NRI 1945). There is no constitution in the world that does not regulate important thing regarding to local government or state government explicitly. Therefore formulations charging a place on local government may be related parameter early governance in the region. There are 2 (two) important issues relating to constitutionality of model charging office deputy head of the regions in the regional head election. First, standing of deputy head based on the laws. Second, constitutionality of model charging office deputy head of the regions based on Law No. 1/2015 jo Law No. 8/2015. In this paper, there are 2 (two) models in placing the position of deputy head of region. First, the position is hierarchical under the head of the region with the argument that the deputy head of the region appointed by the head of the region. And second, the position of the deputy head of the region is considered parallel to the regional head because both are directly elected by the people in a package.

Use of the time constant related parameter fmax to calculate the activation energy of bulk conduction in ferroelectrics

The use of time constant related parameter fmax to obtain the activation energy for bulk electrical conduction (and any discussion of the possible conduction mechanisms) in ferroelectric materials should be used with caution.