Keyness and Collocations of Therapeutic Rupture Types: A Pilot Study

This study was designed to examine the therapeutic alliance and specific rupture types that counselors experience in a counseling session by employing a cross sectional analysis of a linguistic corpus created from transcriptions of mock counseling sessions. A corpus linguistic program called #Lancsbox 6.0 was used to analyze the collocates of the top words found in therapeutic rupture types. Results of this study show that the word “just,” which was often used as part of a less direct filler expression, was the most frequent word in the confrontation rupture corpus as well as a top five word in the withdrawal and mixed rupture corpuses. Regarding the withdrawal rupture corpus, the node word “know,” a cognitive-oriented token that could create emotional distance, had four high intensity words (collocates), two of which (“I” and “you”) were shared with a confrontation type corpus. Regarding the mixed rupture corpus, the most common word “like” was often used as a preposition and was implicated in low empathy encounters and did not appear as a collocation in the confrontation or withdrawal rupture collocation analysis. Implications for both counseling and research are discussed.

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC IMAGE OF JOY (IN THE COMPUTER-ANIMATED FILM INSIDE OUT)

The paper is focused on the correlation between the psychological archetype of a film character and the linguistic elements composing their speech. The Nurturer archetype is represented in the film Inside Out by the personalized emotion Joy. Joy is depicted as an antropomorphous female character, whose purpose is to keep her host, a young girl Riley, happy. As the Nurturer, Joy is completely focused on Riley’s happiness, which is expressed by lexico-semantic group ‘happy’, positive evaluative tokens, exclamatory sentences, promissive speech acts, and repetitions. She needs the feeling of connectedness with other members of her family, which is revealed by lexico-semantic groups ‘support’ and ‘help’. She is ready to sacrifice everything to save the girl in her care, which is demonstrated by modal verbs, frequent word-combination ‘for Riley’, and directives.

VO-OV-variasjon i nordsamisk: Hva kan LIA Sápmi fortelle oss?

In this paper I investigate the alternation between VO and OV word order in spoken North Sami, based on data from LIA Sápmi – Sámegiela hállangiellakorpus. My results show that VO in general is the most frequent word order. However, I also find many instances of SAuxOV order in my material, particularly in sentences with periphrastic verb forms where the main verb is in the infinitive (that is, modal constructions) and where the object is a pronoun. In addition, I also find some cases where the object precedes both the auxiliary and the main verb, but crucially without being topicalized to clause-initial position. Based on the account of Norwegian Object Shift in Bentzen and Anderssen (2019), I suggest that OV word order in North Sami may be analyzed as IP-internal topicalization, where objects that are familiar in the context may move to a thematic position between VP and TP. This will account for the OV pattern with periphrastic tense forms. Furthermore, I suggest that there is an additional higher IP-internal topic position, and that object movement to this position is what results in OV with finite main verbs. This higher IP-internal topic position is also the position involved in patterns where the object precedes both the finite auxiliary and the main verb.

THE FUNCTIONING PATTERNS OF ANTHROPONYMS IN A. P. CHEKHOV'S SHORT STORIES

The aim of the research is to (i) consider the role of proper names in the stories of A. P. Chekhov, to (ii) determine the significance of combinations of common names with proper names in revealing the author's position and creating a humorous effect, and also to (iii) identify frequent word-building patterns for the anthroponyms. Literature analysis on theoretical issues of artificial and natural names as well as studying practical examples from onomastics and anthroponymy realms enabled to specify the functions of combinations of common nouns with proper names. These names are part of the plot, conveying ideological messages, concentrating meaning, structure and content. Combinations of proper names and common nouns characterize the style of the writer. In the stories analyzed, common names contain a direct indication of status, position, rank, while proper names metaphorically portray the character or highlight the dominant of his/her personality and convey the author's message concerning evaluation of the image. Linguistic analysis of word-building patterns has shown that most surnames of the characters in the stories of A. P. Chekhov are formed by suffixation from common names, and they are the result of the author's word-making, another way to implicitly evaluate characters. In Chekhov's word combinations, proper and common names are interrelated and opposed.

Motivational features of wild berry plant names in Khanty: Ethno-linguistic study

The article presents the results of ethno-linguistic study of berry plant names aimed to determine the motivating features of the nominations and word-building patterns in Western Khanty dialects. The material for the study comprised dictionaries of Synskiy, Shuryshkar, Ural, Kazym, Middle Ob dialects, dialect field recordings and expedition materials obtained by the author of this paper in 2017–2018. To identify word-building patterns, morpheme analysis was applied together with semantic and morphological analysis. Descriptive method was used to present the results. During continuous sampling, 56 folk names of wild berry plants have been found. Variability of naming was noticed. The names were also characterized by variable spelling (separate vs joint up) and variable pronunciation (with liaisons and vowel alternations). Motivational features of the names included color resemblance, similarity of one kind of berry to another, morphological features of the plant, places of growth, names of animals feeding on the berries. Compounding turned out the most frequent word-building pattern, semantic derivation and suffixation were also present but much less frequent. Among the names, practically no loan words were found.

SYSTEM MECHANISMS OF ARGOT WORD-FORMATION (BASED ON THE LATEST SYNCHRONIC STRATUM OF THE FRENCH YOUTH ARGOT)

The purpose of this article is to systematize the most frequent word-formation mechanisms of the French youth argot. The authors analyzed a glossary compiled on the basis of materials from six printed lexicographic works and two online dictionaries. The paper presents the classification of word-formation techniques of French argotologists. The analysis showed that users of the modern French youth argot actively resorted to such methods of replenishing the lexical fund as verlanization and metaphor. At the same time, it should be noted there is a striving for saving linguistic means, as a result of which a significant layer of truncated lexemes is formed. The characteristic of the convergence of the argot word-formation methods deserves a separate mentioning. The specified glossary has more than two thousand lexical units, which makes it possible to make a conclusion about the representativeness of the sample and the introduction of new empirical material into scientific circulation.

AHL DALAM AL-QUR'AN PERSPEKTIF SEMANTIK 'AISYAH BINTU SYATHI'

Arabic usually use the word al-usrahor al-‘ailahto refer to family. However, the Qur’an also employs some different words to describe family, namely ahl, ‘asyirah, rahtu,alu, qurbaand ruknu. This article aims to examine the word ahl. This is based on the fact that ahlis the most frequent word mentioned theQur’an to refer to the family. Using the semantic analysis proposed by ‘Aisya bint al-Syati’, this article shows that the original meaning of the word ahlis “entitled”and “appropriate”.Itscontextual meaning, however,might refer to the people of the book (ahl al-Kitab), residents (al-sakin), followers (qawm al-Nabī), people who are entitled or reserve the right(al-mustahaq), the core family (usrah), and clans or extended family (‘ailah). This article contributes to the ideal of building a family. By referring to the meaning of ahl,the family should be correctly and appropriately built so as to achieve happiness.

Phonetic effects of grammatical category: How category-specific prosodic phrasing and lexical frequency impact the duration of nouns and verbs

This paper is concerned with phonetic correlates of grammatical category, specifically the finding that nouns are pronounced with greater duration than verbs in discourse. Most previous research has attributed this difference to the sentence positions that the two grammatical categories occupy and concomitant prosodic effects. Based on previous findings, we test two further effects, namely a category-specific effect on prosodic phrasing, which leads to stronger prosodic boundaries after nouns than verbs even in maximally similar syntactic contexts, and a reductive effect of lexical frequency leading to shorter durations of the more frequent word. These effects are tested in a production study investigating durational differences of twelve noun–verb homophone pairs in English in two clause-medial contexts. We find evidence for both effects: prosodic boundaries are stronger after nouns than verbs across all conditions, resulting in greater durations of nouns due to pre-boundary lengthening. Furthermore, differences in frequency result in a reduced duration of the homophone of the pair which has the greater frequency. We propose an explanation in which phonetic effects of grammatical category are caused by the interplay of sentence prosody, category-specific prosodic phrasing and lexical frequency.

Examining Katakana Synform Errors Made by Japanese University Students

Laufer (1988) introduced the concept of synform errors, where second language (L2) learners confuse a word for a different but similar looking or sounding L2 word. Stubbe and Cochrane (2016) reported that of 1,187 commonly repeated errors on a Japanese to English non-contextual translation test, 461 were synform errors (39%). This study introduces the concept of katakana consonant pairing synform errors, where Japanese learners of English can confuse one English word for another because some English consonants have no Japanese equivalent, for example, l and v. Words containing these consonants can be transcribed into katakana using the closest Japanese consonant sound: r, b, respectively. This can result in katakana pairings (l-r, v-b), which may lead to confusion for the Japanese learners. “Vest” may be interpreted as “best,” for instance. In the present study, English students at one Japanese university (N = 235) were given a Japanese to English non-contextual translation test containing the lower frequency member of 30 such katakana pairs (“vest” being a much less frequent word than its pair “best,” for instance). Thirty words not having a katakana partner (e.g., shade) from the same JACET8000 frequency levels were also tested. The study results suggest that katakana consonant pairing synform errors are problematic for these Japanese university students. Implications for the classroom and vocabulary assessment are presented.