Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the contradiction between common strategic objectives for the development of education in the Russian Arctic and the regional differences of their implementation. There is virtually no coordination of educational policy between the Arctic regions. The implementation of these objectives requires a certain scientific justification, which means that it involves the study of the general specifics of the education systems of the Arctic regions and the general external factors affecting their condition. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors of the Arctic territory the influence of which allows the Arctic education systems to form one educational segment. Materials and methods. Using the DEA method, the authors assessed the influence of territorial factors of economic and technical, demographic, information and communication orientation on the appropriate characteristics of regional education systems. The study uses materials from Rosstat, federal and regional education authorities. The comparative analysis concerned the study of the quality of the conditions for the functioning of the Arctic educational systems and other regions from the corresponding federal districts. Results. The education systems of the Arctic regions are more homogeneous under the influence of economic and technical (coefficient of variation does not exceed 0.17) and demographic (0.26) factors than the other regional education systems of the federal districts. In addition, the Arctic regions have a higher efficiency of the education systems functioning (efficiency value for the first group of factors is 0.99; for the second – 0.89). These systems react much more differentially to the action of the information and communication factor – they cope with its influence in different ways (the average value of efficiency is 0.66; coefficient of variation reaches 0.39). Discussion and conclusion. Authors have updated and theoretically justified the concept of a territorial educational segment as a set of geographically close regional education systems with common features, problems, history and common group of territorial factors. The general nature of the influence of economic, technical and demographic factors confirmed the presence of not only external (general strategic objectives for the development of education in the Russian Arctic), but also internal reasons for combining the Arctic education systems into a single territorial educational segment.