Small Targets Detection for Transmission Tower Based on SRGAN and Faster RCNN

Background: Power line inspection is essential to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. Object detection for tower equipment can significantly improve inspection efficiency. However, due to the low resolution of small targets and limited features, the detection accuracy of small targets is not easy to improve. Objective: This study aimed to improve the tiny targets’ resolution while making the small target's texture and detailed features more prominent to be perceived by the detection model. Methods: In this paper, we propose an algorithm that employs generative adversarial networks to improve small objects' detection accuracy. First, the original image is converted into a super-resolution one by a super-resolution reconstruction network (SRGAN). Then the object detection framework Faster RCNN is utilized to detect objects on the super-resolution images. Result: The experimental results on two small object recognition datasets show that the model proposed in this paper has good robustness. It can especially detect the targets missed by Faster RCNN, which indicates that SRGAN can effectively enhance the detailed information of small targets by improving the resolution. Conclusion: We found that higher resolution data is conducive to obtaining more detailed information of small targets, which can help the detection algorithm achieve higher accuracy. The small object detection model based on the generative adversarial network proposed in this paper is feasible and more efficient. Compared with Faster RCNN, this model has better performance on small object detection.

Water Balance Test, Analysis and Application of the Wet Cooling Tower

This study aims to conduct a water loss test and analysis of water used in wet cooling towers. The measuring tools and methods of the liquid level in the collecting basin are clearly guided by establishing the water balance equation. The U-type liquidometer measuring system is used to measure the liquid level of specific open container with a large surface area. The minimum resolution of the U-type liquidometer is 1 mm. The collecting basin area is 375 m2, and the detected water volume is 0.375 m3 mm-1 liquid level. The measurement error caused by water surface fluctuation is overcame. The accuracy of the liquid level data is further improved. Under the water balance test condition, the water loss at the outlet of tower is between 26.25 m3 h-1 and 49.36 m3 h-1, and the loss of exceeding standard is 22.62 m3. This work determined the water balance condition of the wet cooling tower equipment and conducted a detailed analysis of water loss and the water conservation of the wet tower. Moreover, this study promote equipment manufacturing related to the mechanical draft cooling tower industry to the direction of water conservation, energy conservation and environmental protection to provide support. This approach is also widely used in the other air and water systems direct mixing heat transfer equipment.

Climate- and Technology-Specific PUE and WUE Predictions for U.S. Data Centers using a Physics-Based Approach

The onsite water use of data centers (DCs) is becoming an increasingly important consideration within the policy and energy analysis communities, but has heretofore been difficult to quantify in macro-level DC energy models due to lack of reported water usage effectiveness (WUE) values by DC operators. This work addresses this important knowledge gap by presenting thermodynamically-compatible power usage effectiveness (PUE) and WUE values for a wide range of U.S. DC archetypes and climate zones, using a physics-based model that is validated with real-world data. Results enable energy analysts to more accurately analyze the onsite energy and water use of DCs by size class, cooling system type, and climate zone under many different operating conditions including operational setpoints. Sensitivity analyses further identify the variables leading to best-achievable PUE and WUE values by climate zone and cooling system type—including operational set points, use of free cooling, and cooling tower equipment and operational factors—which can support DC water- and energy-efficiency policy initiatives. The consistent PUE and WUE values may also be used in future work to quantify the indirect water use of DCs occurring in electrical power generating systems.

Application of Supergravity Technology in a TEG Dehydration Process for Offshore Platforms

In the dehydration process of offshore natural gas production, due to the site limitation of the platform, if the conventional triethylene glycol (TEG) dehydration process is employed, the size of the absorption tower is usually small. However, in the case of fluctuations in raw material gas and large gas production, it is easy to cause a large loss of TEG and a flooding event, resulting in the water dew point of natural gas not meeting the requirements. Therefore, combined with the dehydration process of TEG and supergravity technology, a new dehydration process of natural gas suitable for offshore platforms is proposed in this paper. The principle and process of the TEG dehydration process based on supergravity technology are discussed by establishing a mass transfer model. The laboratory experiment of the new process is carried out, and the effects of TEG flow rate, super-gravity packed bed rotation speed, and gas flow rate on the air dew point are obtained. By studying the dewatering balance of the rotating packed bed in the improved process, it is proved that the dewatering performance of the high gravity machine (Higee) is much better than that of the ordinary tower dewatering equipment. Through field experiments, the dewatering effect of continuous operation and sudden changes in working conditions is obtained, indicating that the Higee can completely replace the traditional tower equipment for natural gas dehydration.

Technical problems during laparoscopy: a systematic method of troubleshooting for surgeons

Background:Laparoscopic surgery has progressed rapidly since the early 1990s. For some surgical operations, it has become the standard of care to the extent where open surgery is sometimes looked down upon by some surgical colleagues as well as by patients.Current status:Despite this widespread adoption and acceptance, many surgeons struggle to understand how the laparoscopy stacks work despite having the skills to perform the operation. Most hospitals rely on operating theatre assistants to troubleshoot in the event of problems. This could be potentially unsafe for patients if laparoscopic vision or pneumoperitoneum is lost at a critical point of the operation.Discussion:There are a number of approaches that have been published for troubleshooting laparoscopy stack. We explore and discuss some of them along with their advantages and disadvantages and how they relate to our methodology and approach. As a product of the discussion, we suggest a systematic way forward to troubleshooting laparoscopic tower equipment problems.Conclusion:The technical knowledge of surgeons and trainees varies widely in the area of laparoscopy-related troubleshooting. This systematic, practical algorithm would help and guide all surgeons to adopt a uniform approach, thereby improving patient safety.

3d Geometric Model of Transparent Tower Equipment Display in OpenGL

It’s difficult to describe the 3d geometry and to establish the 3d model of tower equipment in OpenGL. High-level command functions to define complex three-dimensional modeling is not provided in OpenGL. This paper introduces 3d model of the tower equipment how to display dynamically in OpenGL. Interface of OpenGL import 3d model is description in detailed. Storaging format and reading file of STL (Stereo Lithography) are elaborated. How to build the 3d model is descripted. When tower equipment displayed dynamically, what is the key step to establish the model of tower equipment. The dynamic model of the whole tower equipment is displayed, in order to see clearly the structure of tower equipment.

3D Modeling of the Tower Head Based on ObjectARX

Elliptical head is an important standard part of the separation tower equipment. It can not be generated by tensile method, rotation method, because the rotation axis can not pass region. This paper introduces the ObjectARX programming environment. It describes how to build the menu and the dialog box. ObjectARX is a secondary development tool of AutoCAD. With its function and its mechanical drawing once learned, four arcs of ellipse can be used to build 3d modeling of head.of tower equipment. The ObjectARX programming technology is applied to develop AutoCAD, making it more convenient to darw the professional 3d graphics.

Simulation and Stress Analysis of U-Shaped Seam Welding Process Based on ABAQUS

At present, there is large-scale trend for chemical containers and reaction tower in the industry. In the large-scale equipment, U-shaped weld structure are widely used for splice weld of container wall. In this paper, by ABAQUS software, using plane models, U-shaped seam welding process was simulated which was commonly used in pressure vessels and tower equipment. For welding material part, the calculation use of "dead-actived elements" technique, and the weld material part was divided into finer grid. The calculation model of the plane model was created using CATIA software, the software plug-in software was used to transform the model to directly read the ABAQUS software model. Calculation can be given to each welding temperature distribution and stress distribution. At the same time, the welding process to consider the cooling after welding. Computer simulation gave the overall structure of the stress distribution and strain energy curve.

Discussion on Calculation Methods of Damping Ratio of the Tower Equipment

Modal damping ratios are very difficult to predict at the design stage, but have a strong influence on the dynamic structural behavior. This paper describes the research process of damping ratio of the tower equipment. First of all, calculation methods of damping ratio of the tower equipment complying with different standards have been analyzed. Then, the damping ratio of process tower equipments has been calculated by using different calculation methods compared to its real data. The results show that it does not accurately predict the damping ratio of the large tower equipment using existing calculation methods. As a result, the theoretical or semi-empirical formula must be put forward to calculate the damping ratio of the industrial tower.

Tower Equipment Lifting Crane and Tools Selection and Optimization

Combined with a low temperature methanol wash unit tower equipment lifting practice, analysis the integral lifting method of large equipment selection, process route establish and lifting machines and tools selection and lifting scheme optimization, and points out that the heavy machinery used in large equipment lifting is the direction of future development.