Recent variations and trends in potential evapotranspiration (PET) over India

Thirty years meteorological time series data (1971-2000), for twenty two well distributed locations in India, have been utilized to compute potential evapotranspiration using FAO recommended Penman-Monteith equation. Annual, seasonal and monthly PET trends have been studied using linear trend analysis technique. Suitable graphs have been plotted to study the variations and changes in PET trends and to identify the specific periods as and when significant changes occur. The mean annual PET has been found to be lowest (1100 mm) at Buralikson and highest (2109 mm) at Bellary. Out of twenty two locations, significant decreasing trend in annual PET has been observed at seventeen locations and no significant trend at five locations. The mean annual dEo/dt over India has been found to be -9.36 mm/year. Linear relationship has been obtained to quantitatively estimate annual dEo/dt, at a given location, using annual PET range. Non linear relationships have been obtained (a) to quantitatively estimate the mean monthly dEo/dt values over India, (b) to quantitatively estimate the average cumulative dEo/dt values over India (mm/year) up to any particular month and (c) to quantitatively estimate the contribution (percent) towards average annual dEo/dt over India, up to any particular month.

ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS AND EXPORT TRENDS OF INDONESIAN COCOA TO THE FIVE DESTINATION COUNTRIES FOR 2010-2019

This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa exports to five destination countries, namely China, Germany, Malaysia, Singapore, and USA and to analyze the trend of Indonesian cocoa exports for the forecasting of the next 5 years. The data source used is secondary data in the form of export value and volume from 2010-2019 which is sourced from uncomtrade. Data analysis methods used are RCA, EPD, and linear trend analysis. The results showed that the comparative analysis of the RCA method for the commodities of Indonesian cocoa beans, cocoa butter, cocoa paste, cocoa powder in 2010-2019 has an RCA > 1 which means that it is competitive and has a comparative advantage in destination countries. Based on a competitive analysis using the EPD method, the commodity of Indonesian cocoa beans, cocoa butter, cocoa paste, and cocoa powder in 2010-2019 have EPD retreat and falling star values. Based on linear trend analysis, the export value of Indonesian cocoa beans in 2020-2024 is predicted to continue to decline, cocoa butter and cocoa powder in 2020-2024 is predicted to continue to increase, and cocoa paste in 2020-2024 is predicted to increase and later decrease.

The Use of Bias-Corrected CMIP5 GCM Data to Analyse Temperature Variation in Puthimari River Basin- A Transnational Sub- Basin between Bhutan and India

Using fivedifferent CMIP5 climate modelsunder the scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, we analysedmaximum, minimum and mean temperature over Puthimari river basin, that covers parts of Bhutan and North-eastern region of India. Historical period from 1970-2005 and future three periods,2025-49, 2050-74 and 2075-99 were considered to understand the effect of global warming in the basin. Monthly Maximum, minimum and mean temperature variationsanalysis showed increase in temperature from 1970 to 2099for all the models under both the scenarios. The study indicates that the averagemaximum, minimum and mean temperatureover the basinwill rise by 1.13-2.49°C, 1.3-2.64°Cand 1.21-2.6°Crespectivelyfrom in 2075-99 compared to the historical period under RCP 4.5. Again, these temperatureswill increase by 2.68-3.89°C, 2.85-4.74°Cand 2.76-4.53°Cunder RCP8.5 towards the end of the century. The linear trend analysis of maximum, minimum and mean temperature indicates rising trends in futureover the basin.

Examining Yam Production in Response to Climate Change in Nigeria: A Co-Integration Model Approach

This study addressed yam production in response to climate change in Cross River State using a co-integration model approach. The specific objectives of this paper are to analyze the trend in yam production, annual precipitation, and annual temperature, and to analyze the impact of climate variables on yam production. Time-series data from 1996 to 2017 was used. Based on the analysis, which constituted a linear trend analysis, co-integration test, and error correction model, the study came up with robust findings. The linear trend analysis for yam production revealed a steady increase in output between the years 2005 and 2016. The result of the rainfall trend analysis showed the presence of rainfall variability and irregularity. The trend line for temperature showed an overall downward trend for the period under study. However, the Error Correction Model result showed that temperature was statistically significant and negatively impacted yam production. The study recommends that policymakers should take appropriate steps to encourage the development of pest- and disease-tolerant yam varieties because an increase in temperature leads to the proliferation of insects, pests, and diseases.

Linear Trend Application on the Estimated Age of Distribution Transformer Based on the Load Growth and Environmental Temperature

This research aimed to find the age loss of distribution transformer based on the load growth and ambient temperature to predict the remaining age of the transformer. This research used the remaining estimation age calculation based on load growth that was predicted using the linear trend analysis. The distribution transformer in this research was the BO043 200 kVA, installed in 2012, and was operated in Bolo Feeder, Woha District, Bima Regency. The results showed that the BO043 transformer was operating at the average ambient temperature of 28℃ with the optimum loading threshold of 92.77% from its power rating. The transformer would experience age reduction if the load given were above that value. The calculation results showed that the BO043 transformer had the estimated remaining age of 4 years from the standard 23 years with the 2019 load prediction of 83.39% and up to 115.94% load prediction in 2022.

One hundred years of climate change in Mexico

Spatial assessments of historical climate change are of paramount importance to focus research and conservation efforts. Despite the fact that there are global climatic databases available at high spatial resolution, they present some shortcomings to evaluate historic trends of climate change and their impacts on biodiversity. These databases span over a single period in the late 20th and early 21th centuries and their quality and reliability in many regions is compromise because they have not been produce with all information available for all regions. Therefore, in this contribution we developed climatic surfaces for Mexico for three periods that cover most of the 20th and early 21th centuries: t1-1940 (1910-1949), t2-1970 (1950-1979) and t3-2000 (1980-2009), and characterize climate change rates of the biogeographic provinces of Mexico via a linear trend analysis of monthly values and a Mann-Kendall analysis. Our results indicate that rates of change and trends have not been uniform across Mexico: Nearctic provinces had suffered higher and more consistent trends of change than southern tropical regions. Central and southern provinces cooled down at the beginning of the 20th century, but warmed up consistently since the 1970s. Precipitation has generally increased throughout the country, being more notorious in northern provinces. We aim to provide modellers with a set of climate surfaces that may help decision-making to improve management strategies for biodiversity conservation.

Analisis Prospek Penerimaan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Di Kecamatan Asparaga Kabupaten Gorontalo

Gorontalo Province is still one of the newly developed areas that always expect the participation and support from various parties, both morally and spiritually in the form of facility improvement and human resource formation must be developed simultaneously, it is clear that this will encourage economic development for the society as a whole. This study aims to analyze the Prospect of Receipt of Land and Building Tax in District of Asparaga Gorontalo Regency. The main variables used are land tax and building. The analysis method used is Linear Trend analysis. The results showed that the Linear Trend is Y = 900343714,60 + 5006432,80 X which means the variable of the earth and building taxes have good prospects in the District Asparaga. And with the value of linear trend can be calculated the estimated value of land and building tax revenue for the period 2017-2021 in District Asparaga.Analisis Prospek Penerimaan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Di Kecamatan Asparaga Kabupaten Gorontalo

Implementation of Sales Forecasting Method In Production Planning In Cv Tirta Alam Jaya Merauke

The problem to be studied is how the sales forecasting method is applied in the company and what variables influence sales forecasting. with the aim, for the company can apply optimal sales forecasting method for the survival of the company and know the variables that affect sales forecasting. In this study the data obtained then tested by the following methods: (1) Linear Trend Analysis Method, General equation form (Sofyan Assauri, 1984, pp. 53-56): Y = a + bt, (2) Method of Exponental Trends (a) Constant, with forecasting function: (b) Linear, with the logarithmic method, Y = a + b log t The function of this method is: forecasting function: Y_t = a + bt and (4) Decomposition Method. Result of research The best forecasting method to predict the sales of bottled drinking water in CV Tirta Alam Jaya Merauke in the next period, is the method of Exponental Trend. This method is chosen because it has the lowest error rate value when compared with other forecasting method, that is for forecasting sales Bottled drinking water obtained MAD value of 932.65, MSE of 20,581,918.63 and MAPE of 34.94%. Sales forecasting results Bottled drinking water using Exponental trend method calculation is 14,104 Carton in January 2016

Contribution of Agricultural Sector and Sub Sectors on Indonesian Economy

This research aimed to analyze trend of agricultural GDP and agricultural contribution in Indonesia, and identify the role of agricultural sector and sub sectors in provinces of Indonesia. Source of data this research use linear trend analysis to analyze trend agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and agricultural contribution. Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), and combination LQ and DLQ is used to identify the role of agricultural sector and sub sectors. The analysis found that agricultural GDP in Indonesia has increasing trend while agricultural contribution has decreasing trend. Agricultural sector is basic sector in 29 provinces in Indonesia. Farm food crop is leading sub sector in 6 provinces, farm non food crops is leading sub sector in 14 provinces, livestock is leading sub sector in 3 provinces, forestry is leading sub sector in 1 provinces, fishery is leading sub sector in 5 provinces.