The basics of designing a digital simulation for the preparation of teachers of mathematics

Introduction. The article discusses the positive aspects of the introduction of digital simulators of pedagogical activity into the process of professional training of teachers. The subject of the research is the most significant technical factors affecting the design of a digital simulator for professional training of mathematics teachers. Methodological approaches to simulating the process of learning to find solutions to problems are considered.Materials and Methods. In the article there was conducted theoretical analysis of the complex domestic and foreign scientific sources (articles and publications on the research topic, the results of dissertational researches in pedagogics and psychology), which generalize and systematize international and Russian experience in relation to teacher training, and in terms of the characteristics of different virtual simulators. There were applied a method of theoretical generalization, content analysis, technical algorithm for using computer programs in the designing of a simulator.Results. As a result of the authors’ analysis and interpretation of available sources, the data of international and Russian studies are summarized and systematized. Various platforms and technical characteristics that allow implementing simulators are analyzed. The technical data obtained during the analysis allowed us to identify and justify the process of creating the simulator platform. The visual concept of a simulator, which provides for the use of vector and raster graphics packages, is presented.Discussion and Conclusions. The article presents the stages of development and implementation of simulators in the professional training of teachers. The new digital educational environment with the use of computer modeling capabilities will allow future teachers to master professional competencies by training virtual students.

THE METHOD FOR VISUALIZING SEMISTRUCTURED INFORMATION OF LARGE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

The process of operating large production systems is associated with the need to generate management decisions based on the analysis of the state of the system, represented by semistructured information. By semistructured information, within the framework of this work, we mean information in which a certain structure can be distinguished, however, this structure in advance is completely or partially unknown, or may change over time. The factographic data necessary for the generating of management decisions are represented by semistructured information located in various information resources such as electronic documents, databases, SCADA systems, etc. Thus, for the visualization of factual data in the processes of organizing the management of large production systems, the urgent tasks are: the implementation of incoming control for an array of factual data, their structuredness, implemented by means of a model, the possibility of their transformation, including convolution and aggregation, as well as various visualizations the same data on the according to requirements of a group of decision-makers. All of the above can be successfully implemented through the use of XML technologies, and SVG, which is a scalable vector graphics markup language, is suitable as a format for the resulting visualization. This format is intended for description of two-dimensional vector and mixed vector-raster graphics in XML format. A detailed description of the process of visualization of semistructured content, including four main stages, is considered, and a practical example of automated visualization of semistructured information of structural schemes of an APCS for a gas condensate field is given. As part of the work, the effectiveness of the proposed method for visualizing semistructured information was evaluated, which confirmed its effectiveness in the conditions of large production systems, when the number of uniform visualized structural elements can reach tens or more. The method of visualizing the semistructured content of large production systems makes it possible to automatically obtain its visual representation, which makes it possible to analyze expert information in the form of its graphical representation. The latter makes it possible to increase the speed of perception of factual data by 40…45 % and to minimize the time for updating the visualization when the factual data at the control object changes.

Subsistence Negating Claims

One of the main defences against allegations of copyright infringement is that no infringement took place because copyright does not subsist in the subject matter at issue. This could be because the subject matter is not a ‘work’ in the copyright sense, or is not protected by copyright because it is not original or fixed in a tangible form. Digital technologies exacerbate this controversy. For instance, does a copy of a public domain image qualify for a new copyright by virtue of its digital processing (using, for instance, a raster graphics editor such as Photoshop)? Does a short sentence such as a tweet attract copyright and can strings of characters such as hashtags and hyperlinks be ‘copyright works’ in their own right? What about works created through artificial intelligence such as a search engine’s automatic translations? Or cases where more than one author contributes facts or pieces of information to a work that is subject to constant modification such as Wikipedia entries? The rationale for excluding subject matter from protection rests on the principle that mere ideas, facts, or commonplace elements should remain free to use, ensuring a robust public domain. In this regard, requesting the negation of copyright subsistence can serve as a defence against allegations for infringement and, in a broader sense, it can also help innovation and creativity through the re-use of subject matter that does not attract copyright protection. This chapter examines the way in which a negation of copyright subsistence can form a defence against allegations of infringement by making specific references to new technological uses. Significant reference is made to the doctrinal interpretation of the concepts ‘work’ and ‘originality’ as developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the national courts of EU Member States, and the way in which these doctrines impact on the scope of permissible use.

An ~1899 glacier inventory for Nordland, northern Norway, produced from historical maps

Glaciers depicted on old maps reveal their historical extents, before the advent of aerial and satellite remote sensing. Digital glacier inventories produced from these maps can be employed in assessments of centennial-scale glacier change. This study reconstructs the ~1899 (covering the period 1882–1916) glacier extent in Nordland, northern Norway, from historical gradteigskart maps, with an emphasis on examining the accuracy of the mapped glaciers. Glacier outlines were digitised from georectified scans of the analogue maps in a raster graphics editor and were subsequently inventoried in a GIS. The accuracy of the historical glacier extent was established from written descriptions and landscape photographs created during the original field surveys, and further validated against independent glacier outlines of (1) the maximum Little Ice Age extent derived from geomorphological evidence, and (2) the 1945 extent derived from vertical aerial photographs. An overall uncertainty of ±17% is associated with our inventory. Nordland's glaciers covered an area of 1712 ± 291 km2 in 1899. By 2000, total ice cover had decreased by 47% (807 ± 137 km2) at a rate of 6% 10 a−1 (80 ± 14 km2 10 a−1). The approach presented here may serve as a blueprint for future studies intending to derive glacier inventories from historical maps.

CURRENT ISSUES OF DEVELOPING A TECHNIQUE FOR TEACHING THE THEME "VECTOR AND RASTER GRAPHICS" IN BASIC SCHOOL BASED ON FREE GRAPHIC EDITORS OPENOFFICE.ORG DRAW AND GIMP

The article discusses the main approaches to develop a modern teaching methodology for the theme "Vector and raster graphics" in basic school based on the use of free graphic packages — the vector editor OpenOffice.org Draw and the raster editor GIMP. A detailed analysis of the educational and methodical literature devoted to the subject under consideration is given, the ICT competencies formed by students in the process of training on this theme are listed, a collectible-modular methodological approach to the construction of the methodology is formulated and described.

The Levenshtein distance as a measure of mirror symmetry and homogeneity for binary digital patterns

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The complexity of a digital pattern, image, map, or sequence of symbols is a salient feature that finds numerous applications in a variety of domains of knowledge [1], [7], [10], [11]. Two features of patterns that form inherent components of pattern complexity, are mirror (reflection) symmetry and homogeneity [8], [9]. In the raster graphics representation mode, a pattern consists of a two-dimensional array (matrix) of elements (pixels, symbols). It is assumed here that the elements are binary-valued (black-white). With such a representation it is common to compute properties of 2-dimensional patterns, such as complexity, mirror-symmetry, and homogeneity, along the 1-dimensional rows, columns, and diagonals of the array [4]. In addition, within each row, mirror symmetries may be analysed either globally or locally [3]. A pattern that does not exhibit <i>global</i> mirror symmetry may still possess an abundant number of <i>local</i> mirror symmetries. Local symmetries permit graded measures of symmetry rather than all-or-nothing decisions. One powerful type of local symmetry is the <i>sub-symmetry</i>, a <i>contiguous</i> subset of elements of the pattern that is palindromic (has mirror symmetry). It has been shown empirically that the total number of sub-symmetries present in a pattern may serve as an excellent predictor of the perception of both <i>visual</i> pattern complexity [5], and <i>auditory</i> pattern complexity [6]. The present research project explores how two well-known measures of the distance between binary patterns and their inversions, correlate with sub-symmetries, as well as other measures of symmetry and homogeneity.</p>

New Technologies in 3D Mapping

Among cartographic works, three-dimensional panoramas should be marked out as a special kind of map, which are characterised by visual modes of representing objects in space. The main principles of the creation of both hand-painted and automated maps vector and raster graphics software (Corel Draw and Adobe Photoshop) are considered in the paper. The use of modern information technologies has several advantages over traditional mapping.

Preprocessing of Digitalized Engineering Drawings

<p>The concept of digital manufacturing assumes an application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. CAD product model replaced engineering drawing in digital manufacturing. In contemporary practice the engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized and stored to one of the raster graphics format. After that they could be vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system or for archiving in some of standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating too. The article deals with using of methods for preprocessing phase of digitalized engineering drawings vectorization process.</p>