A 2 Years Girls with Nephroblastoma: A Case Report

Introduction: Wilm's tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a common complication in children with renal cancer. It was responsible for 6% of all malignancies. It almost always affects children under the age of five. 90% of cases are diagnosed before the age of three, with the peak incidence occurring between the ages of two and five years. The case of a 2-year-old girl with Wilm's tumor is shown below. The majority of cases are unilateral, but 5% to 10% of the time both kidneys are affected. Case Presentation: A 2-year-old girl was taken to the hospital with a chief complaint of a lump in the abdomen, fever, vomiting and fatigue, nausea, swelling, pain in the abdomen, weakness. On physical examination the patient has experienced in weakness the upper and lower limb, pain experiencing in the abdomen and presenting lumps in the abdomen S1 and S2 are heard in the cardiological system, and air entry is bilaterally equal in the respiratory system. Pupils are reflected light, tone, and a palpable smooth abdominal mass is frequently discovered by chance. The infant was never admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There had been no previous evidence of neonatal sepsis or jaundice. For a year, the girl was breastfed. The right side of the abdomen was where the first symptoms appeared. Small at first, but quickly grew larger and more asymmetrical.

1067 Neoplasia in Association with a Congenital Anomaly: Wilms Tumor in a Horseshoe Kidney

Introduction Horseshoe malformation is the most common form of fusion defects involving the kidney, whereas Wilm's tumor is the most common primary malignant renal tumor in children. The co-incidence of these two pathologies gives off an incidence rate of 0.48%. Case Report This is a case of a two-year-old female who presented early in life with multiple congenital anomalies including congenital heart disease, bilateral aniridia, persistent thrombocytopenia, and sickle cell trait in association with a painless abdominal mass. A CT scan showed a horseshoe kidney. The patient was lost for follow up until the age of two years, in which another CT scan revealed a left lower pole focal cystic mass measuring 5.1x5.3x6.3cm. WAGR syndrome was suspected and confirmed through genetic testing. A multidisciplinary approach was necessary to manage her efficiently due to the numerous co-existing congenital pathologies. The patient underwent six cycles of chemotherapy leading to a 35% reduction in tumor size and a left nephrectomy. She was admitted to the pediatric ICU post-operatively for observation. Histopathological analysis revealed features of stage two stromal type nephroblastoma. Her renal function and urine output were satisfactory throughout the duration of her admission as well as on follow up. Conclusions Keeping a high index of suspicion is imperative; individuals with renal anomalies, namely horseshoe kidney in the context of WAGR syndrome, mandate a comprehensive assessment through clinical examination, laboratory workup, and imaging. Though different approaches to standard Wilm's tumor cases have been explored thoroughly, it is crucial to keep in mind the need for multidisciplinary involvement in patients with multiple congenital anomalies.

A Rare Case Report on Therapeutic Management of Wilm’s Tumour

Introduction: Wilms's tumour was named after Carl Max Wilhelm Wilms, a 19th century German surgeon. Wilm’s tumor is derived from primitive metanephric blastema and is a form of childhood carcinoma that begins in the kidneys (also called nephroblastoma). In infants, it is the most common form of kidney carcinoma. 9 out of 10 kidney cancers in kids is Wilms Tumor. Carcinoma can spread to other parts of the body. The incidence is around seven new cases per million children in the United States, with a peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 3 years. Main symptoms and important clinical findings: A 11 yrs. old female child was admitted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha on 08/02/2021 with chief complaint of breathing difficulty, shortness of breath, blood in the urine, nausea and vomiting. After physical examination and investigations, doctors diagnosed it as a case of Wilm’s tumor. The main diagnoses, therapeutic interventions and outcomes: After physical examination and investigations like MRI, doctor diagnosed it as a case Wilm’s tumour. Tab. Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin), tab. Vincristine (chemotherapy) were started and calcium and multivitamin supplements were given for 7 days to enhance immune function. Tab. Septran 160 mg OD and tab. Acenet 400 mg OD, tab. Bactrim 5mg OD was also prescribed. Patient took all treatment and outcome was good. Her signs and symptoms improved. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment speeded up recovery.

MicroRNA-215-5p Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Wilm’s Tumor Cells by Targeting CRK

Objective: Wilm’s tumor is a common renal malignancy in childhood with unsatisfactory prognosis. microRNA-215-5p (miR-215-5p) has been reported as a tumor-suppressive miRNA in different types of human cancers, but rarely in the Wilm’s tumor. In light of this, we tried to investigate the regulatory role and underlying mechanism of miR-215-5p in the Wilm’s tumor. Methods: After sample collection and cell culture, the expression of miR-215-5p and CT10 Regulator of Kinase (CRK) was detected. Then rhabdoid tumor cell lines (formerly classified as Wilms’ tumor cell lines), G401 and WT-CLS1 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1, pcDNA3.1-CRK, sh-NC, sh-CRK, agomir NC, miR-215-5p agomir, antagomir NC or miR-215-5p antagomir to explore the function of miR-215-5p and CRK in the Wilm’s tumor cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, the relationship between miR-215-5p and CRK was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: Lowly-expressed miR-215-5p and highly-expressed CRK were observed in the Wilm’s tumor tissues and cells. Transfection of pcDNA3.1-CRK or miR-215-5p antagomir could promote G401 and WT-CLS1 cell proliferation and enhance migration ability, while transfection of sh-CRK or miR-215-5p agomir led to opposite results. Additionally, miR-215-5p may bind to CRK. Moreover, transfection of pcDNA3.1-CRK in G401 and WT-CLS1 cells could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-215-5p agomir on the proliferation and migration of Wilm’s tumor cells. Conclusion: Our study highlighted that miR-215-5p could suppress the proliferation and migration of Wilm’s tumor cells by regulating the expression of CRK, providing new ideas for molecular targeted therapy for Wilm’s tumor.

Expression of Wilm’s Tumor Gene (WT1) in Endometrium with Potential Link to Gestational Vascular Transformation

Background: Wilm’s tumor 1 gene (WT1) is a transcription factor with versatile cellular functions in embryonic development, the maintenance of adult tissue functions, and regeneration. WT1 is known to be regulated by progesterone and it is abundantly expressed in endometrium, but its function is unclear. Design: in this observational and descriptive study, WT1 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in endometrium of various physiological and pathological conditions. Result: WT1 was detected in endometrial stromal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, in both proliferative and secretory phases of menstrual cycles. WT1 appeared increased in vascular smooth muscle cells in spiral artery in early pregnancy and it was also detected in regenerative endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in decidual vasculopathy at term. WT1 expression appeared decreased in endometrial stromal cells in adenomyosis (endometriosis). Conclusion: WT1 potentially links the hormonal effects on endometrial decidualization and may play a role in gestational vascular transformation during pregnancy and restoration after pregnancy.