Integrative Analytics for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge

In this paper, we deeply analyze the general framework of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): it mainly involves technological knowledge (TK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), content knowledge (CK), technological content knowledge (TCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Meanwhile, we also show that the conceptual framework of TPACK can help teachers to integrate a lot of complexity and tension in teaching and learning. Also, this study suggests that the framework of TPACK may be able to change the application mode of technology in education and the training mode of teachers and then provide a panoramic analysis for building a learning community.

Hyperlipidemia May Synergize with Hypomethylation in Establishing Trained Immunity and Promoting Inflammation in NASH and NAFLD

We performed a panoramic analysis on both human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) microarray data and microarray/RNA-seq data from various mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NASH/NAFLD with total 4249 genes examined and made the following findings: (i) human NASH and NAFLD mouse models upregulate both cytokines and chemokines; (ii) pathway analysis indicated that human NASH can be classified into metabolic and immune NASH; methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD)+high-fat diet (HFD), glycine N-methyltransferase deficient (GNMT-KO), methionine adenosyltransferase 1A deficient (MAT1A-KO), and HFCD (high-fat-cholesterol diet) can be classified into inflammatory, SAM accumulation, cholesterol/mevalonate, and LXR/RXR-fatty acid β-oxidation NAFLD, respectively; (iii) canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes play differential roles in the pathogenesis of NASH/NAFLD; (iv) trained immunity (TI) enzymes are significantly upregulated in NASH/NAFLD; HFCD upregulates TI enzymes more than cytokines, chemokines, and inflammasome regulators; (v) the MCD+HFD is a model with the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes; however, the HFCD is a model with upregulation of TI enzymes and lipid peroxidation enzymes; and (vi) caspase-11 and caspase-1 act as upstream master regulators, which partially upregulate the expressions of cytokines, chemokines, canonical and noncanonical inflammasome pathway regulators, TI enzymes, and lipid peroxidation enzymes. Our findings provide novel insights on the synergies between hyperlipidemia and hypomethylation in establishing TI and promoting inflammation in NASH and NAFLD progression and novel targets for future therapeutic interventions for NASH and NAFLD, metabolic diseases, transplantation, and cancers.

Decompressive effects of draining tube on suppurative and sclerosing osteomyelitis in the jaw

Background Osteomyelitis (OM) in the jaw is an inflammatory disease of osseous tissue that begins in the medullary space and progressively expands to the cortical portion of the bone, the Haversian system, the periosteum and the overlying soft tissue. Despite advances in dental and medical care, OM persists and is of important concern in modern medicine. Active negative pressure is known to prevent post-operative hematoma; decrease the number of bacterial pathogens, accumulation of toxins, and necrotic tissue; and promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis with the use of a draining tube such as the Jackson-Pratt (JP) or Hemovac. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of decompression for the treatment of OM in the jaw. Methods This retrospective study included a total of 130 patients, 55 patients with sclerosing OM and 75 patients with suppurative OM were included. The radiographic bone densities expressed as a grayscale values (GSVs), were measured using an easy digitalized panoramic analysis (EDPA) method, processed on the conditional inference tree, generated by the R program® 3.2.3 with a probability of 96.8%. Rectangle annotation analysis of INFINITT PACS® (INFINITT Healthcare, Seoul, Korea) of 50 mm2 was determined as the region of interest (ROI). Student’s t-test and ANOVA were used to determine significance (p < 0.05). Results Significant changes was observed between radiographic bone density in the sclerosing type with drain and without drain at the six-month and one-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Significant difference was demonstrated between the suppurative OM with drain and without drain groups at the one-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Conclusion The OM groups with drain exhibited more enhanced bone density compared to the groups without drain at the six-month and one-year follow-ups. The drain insertion for decompression is effective for the management of sclerosing and suppurative OM. It is recommended to implement it for the management of OM.

Latin American Critical Epidemiology

This chapter presents a panoramic analysis of the roots and landmarks of the Latin American critical scientific tradition, explaining the historical conditions—from colonial times to 21st-century society—that determined the distinct periods of the Latin American social medicine/collective health movement, its philosophy, and its ethics. It explains how opposing perspectives and methodological differences arose during those periods, creating a paradigm clash that expresses the interests and views of scholars and decision-makers adhering to different philosophical and practical postures. It describes the fundamental influence in the conceptual and practical shaping of epidemiology of local specific conditions and pressures and also highlights the fundamental influence of and parallelism with outstanding contributions from the North. This chapter provides English-speaking audiences firsthand knowledge of an innovative scientific tradition, explaining its substantial contributions and potentialities for health transformative research, teaching, and community-based agency.

POLÍTICA SOCIAL E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA: mapeando condições no Espírito Santo, 2012 a 2017

O artigo aborda a primeira infância no estado do Espírito Santo, identificando, entre 2012 e 2017, avanços e retrocessos nas políticas de educação, assistência e saúde dessa área. Para tanto, criou um banco de dados municipal a partir demicrodados majoritariamente censitários dos Ministérios da Saúde e da Educação, assim como da Secretaria Especial do Desenvolvimento Social. A partir desses dados, ligados a crianças de 0 a 6 anos, faz uma análise das variáveis como taxa de cobertura escolar, cobertura do Programa Bolsa Família, indicadores de mortalidade infantil e materna, fecundidade e atenção à gestante. A base compilada disponível permite a elaboração de estudos regionais desagregados e no tempo. Por serem dados completos da população, a análise panorâmica pode ser baseada em uma análise de estatística descritiva.Comprova, assim, avanço no atendimento à primeira infância, em paralelo à vigência continuada de disparidades regionais importantes.Palavras-chave: Política social. Primeira infância. Espírito Santo, Brasil.SOCIAL POLICY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT: Mapping conditions in Espírito Santo, Brazil from 2012 to 2017AbstractThe paper carries out a mapping of the public conditions of early childhood care in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, for the period between 2012 and 2017. To this end, it created a municipal database using mostly census microdata from the Ministries of Health and Education, as well as the Special Secretariat for Social Development. Based on these data, linked to children from 0 to 6 years old, it makes an analysis of variables such as school coverage rate, coverage of the Bolsa Família Program, indicators of infant and maternal mortality, fertility and attention to pregnant women. The available compiled base allows for the development of regional, disaggregated and time studies. As they are complete population data, the panoramic analysis can be based on a descriptive statistical analysis. Thus, it proves progress in early childhood care, in parallel withthe continued existence of important regional disparities.Keywords: Social Policy. Early Childhood Development. Brazil. Espírito Santo.

The ability of orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons in predicting spontaneous eruption of mandibular third molar using panoramic serial radiographs

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the skill of orthodontists and oral/maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) in providing a prognosis of mandibular third molars spontaneously erupted, through follow-up panoramic analysis. Methods: 22 orthodontic patients treated without extraction, presenting spontaneously erupted mandibular third molars (n = 44) were analyzed through panoramic serial radiographs. The first panoramic radiograph was obtained just after orthodontic treatment (PR1), in patients aging from 13 to 19 years. A second panoramic radiograph (PR2), was obtained in average two years later. The radiographs were randomly analyzed by 54 specialists, 27 orthodontists and 27 OMFS, to obtain the opinion about the approach to be adopted to these teeth in PR1. Then, another opinion was collected by adding a serial radiograph (PR1+2). Results: The concordance of the answers was moderate for OMFS (Kappa 0.44; p< 0.0001) and significant for orthodontists (Kappa 0.39; p< 0.0001). In the analysis of the first radiograph (PR1) of the spontaneously erupted molars, OMFS indicated extraction in 44.5% of cases, while orthodontists indicated in 42%, with no difference between groups (p= 0.22). In PR1+2 analysis, orthodontists maintained the same level of extraction indication (45.6%, p= 0.08), while surgeons indicated more extractions (63.2%, p< 0.0001). Conclusions: Orthodontists and OMFS were not able to predict the eruption of the third molars that have erupted spontaneously. Both indicated extractions around half of the third molars. A follow-up analysis, including one more radiograph, did not improve the accuracy of prognosis among orthodontists and worsened for OMFS.

O nekim sociokulturološkim oznakama i kontroverzama našeg turizma

Due to the neglect of the interdisciplinary and socio-cultural approach and the preference shown for the economic approach in investigating and applying the world and, in praticular, the Yugoslav tourist trade, this international phenomenon, in its constant and developing form, alongside positive traits, has acquired distanct negative and deviant characteristics and tendencies.Contrasting its positive with its negative features in the sphere of general and theoretical considerations, as well as in the practical given situation as exemplified by examples from tourism in Croatia and Yugoslavia, the author gives an inventory of the present situation. Employing examples from developed world sites and some autochthonous Yugoslav specifics, he points io the possibility and necessity of a more qualitative and selective development, With arguments and .justifiable amotional commitment, the paper unmasks and critically evaluates everything that contributes to the deviations and negative developments; all of this is viwed in the context of a search for new and original solutionis for the territory under consideration, isolating, with sufficient reason, the Eastern Adriatic seaboard.The purpose of this critical assessment is, on the one hand, to reduce and overcome numerous unfavourable conditions through planned endeavours and theoretical breakthroughs and, an the other, to qualitatively develop and build up its positive characteristics.Giving this panoramic analysis of the actual state of tourism in Yugoslavia, the author with hope and reason believes in its better tomorrow.