scholarly journals Modification of veneer by amidophosphate for the manufacture of fire-resistant plywood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Леонович ◽  
С.С. Захаров
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Impregnation Temperature ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Birch Veneer

Целью работы являлось модифицирование березового шпона амидофосфатом с тем, чтобы из него по общепринятой технологии можно было изготавливать огнезащищенную водостойкую фанеру. В основу метода исследования положен прием пропитки шпона антипиреном водным раствором амидофосфата в двух вариантах: капиллярная пропитка и диффузионная пропитка. При этом изучали влияние температуры пропитки и продолжительности при переменной концентрации пропиточного раствора. В результате работы установлено влияние параметров в виде линейных эффектов и эффектов взаимодействия на содержание абсолютносухого антипирена. Используя корреляционные зависимости и функцию желательности стало возможным при уровне обработки в интервале 14,5 23,5 сухого содержания антипирена получить фанеру, характеризующуюся отсутствием самостоятельного горения и тления при удалении источника зажигания с потерей массы 4,4 5,9. При этом прочность изготовленных образцов фанеры оказывается удовлетворительной, например, предел прочности при изгибе составляет 77 100 МПа для исследуемых вариантов, при требованиях отраслевых технических условий не менее 60 МПа. Полученные результаты предназначаются для разработки производственного регламента изготовления фанеры с областью применения, где имеются ограничения по горючести и водостойкости. В работе получены выводы по рецептуре огнезащитного состава в связи с условиями образования фанеры на фенолоформальдегидном клее и рекомендации по организации производства трудногорючей фанеры с дополнительными технологическими операциями и оборудованием узла пропитки шпона и его сушки после пропитки раствором антипирена с тем с максимальным приближением к действующему режиму изготовления стандартной фанеры. The aim of the work was to modify the birch veneer with amidophosphate so that fireproof waterresistant plywood could be produced from it according to the generally accepted technology. The method of study is based on the reception of impregnation of veneer with flame retardant aqueous solution amidophosphate in two versions capillary treatment and diffusion impregnation. The influence of impregnation temperature and duration at variable concentration of impregnating solution was studied. As a result of the work, the influence of parameters in the form of linear effects and interaction effects on the content of absolute dry flame retardant is established. Using correlation dependences and desirability function it became possible to obtain plywood characterized by the absence of selfcombustion and decay when removing the ignition source with a loss of weight of 4.4 5.9 at the level of treatment in the range of 14.5 23.5 of dry flame retardant content. In this case, the strength of the manufactured plywood samples is satisfactory, for example, the bending strength is 77 100 MPa for the studied variants, with the requirements of industry specifications of at least 60 MPa of at least 60 MPa. The results obtained are intended to develop industrialstrength regulation for manufacture of plywood for various applications where there are restrictions on Flammability and water resistance. This paper has presented insights on the formulation of a flame retardant in connection with the conditions of formation of a phenolformaldehyde plywood adhesive and recommendations on the organization of production of hard combustible plywood with additional technological operations and equipment of the node impregnation of veneer and drying after the impregnation with a solution of flame retardant with the maximum approximation to the current mode of production of standard plywood.

Preparation and Application Study of Nano-Sized Organic Bentonite Used for Composite Flame Retardant

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Shu Guang Liu ◽  
Zhen Yi Zhang ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Xu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Organic Bentonite

Nono-sized organic bentonite (OMMT) was synthesized through intercalation modification process with organic phosphorus flame retardant (Cyagard RF-1) and quaternary ammonium salt (CTAB). Composite materials of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)/OMMT, Polyamide-6 (PA6)/OMMT was prepared by a double screw extrusion. The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of these materials were characterized. Nano-sized OMMT has large interlayer spacings and good dispersion after modification. In compared with PBT and PA6, composite materials of PBT/OMMT and PA6/OMMT had high tensile strength, bending strength and notched impact strength, while their elongation decreased after addition of nano-sized OMMT, the limiting oxygen index ( LOI ) and UL94 vertical combustion of OBT/OMMT and PA6/OMMT composite materials with dosage of 3 wt% OMMT decreased slightly, in comparison with these composite metarials containing constant amounts of flame retardant.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Zhaoyi He ◽  
Le Yu ◽  
Lian He ◽  
Zuzhen Shen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

In order to improve the safety of the tunnel asphalt pavement in the event of a fire, and reduce the deterioration of the low temperature crack resistance of the asphalt by the flame retardant. The research uses aluminum hydroxide (ATH) as a smoke suppressant, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite (ADP) as a flame retardant, and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as a synergist to modified styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) modified asphalt (MA). First, the content of ATH, ADP, and HNTs was used as the response variable. The physical properties (Penetration, Softening point, Ductility) and static flame retardant properties (Limiting oxygen index meter, Ignition point) of the asphalt modified by nanocomposite flame-retardant (HNTs-CFRMA) were the response variables. The response surface methodology was used to design the test, and regression models were established to analyze the influence of flame retardants on the performance of asphalt. Then, comprehensively considering the effects of physical properties and flame retardant properties, the normalized desirability function was used to perform a multi-objective optimization design on the components of the nanocomposite flame retardant modifier to obtain the best flame retardant formula. Finally, the rheological properties of MA, conventional flame-retardant modified asphalt (CFRMA), and HNTs-CFRMA were tested based on Dynamic shear rheometer, Multiple stress creep test, Force ductility tester, and Bending beam rheometer. The performance of flame-retardant and smoke suppression were tested by the Cone calorimeter tests. The result shows that ATH, ADP, and HNTs can enhance the high temperature performance of asphalt, reduce the penetration. The addition of HNTs can increase significantly the softening point and reduce the deteriorating effect of flame retardants on the low temperature performance of asphalt; the addition of ATH and HNTs can improve significantly the flame retardancy of asphalt. Based on the desirability function of power exponent, the formulation of the nanocomposite flame retardant with better physical properties and flame retardant properties is ATH: ADP: HNTs = 3:5:1, and the total content is 9 wt%. Nanocomposite flame retardants can improve obviously the high temperature rheological properties of asphalt. The rutting factor and the cracking factor of HNTs-CFRMA improve markedly, and the irrecoverable creep compliance is reduced, compared with MA and CFRMA. Nanocomposite flame retardant can make up for the deterioration of conventional flame retardants on asphalt’s low temperature performance. At the same time, it has better flame-retardant performance and smoke suppression performance.

Fabrication and Study of Abandoned Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Flame-Retardant Fiberboard

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 3994-3997
Author(s):  
Li Hua Lv ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
Xing Gen Su
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index

In this paper, flame-retardant fiberboard was prepared by blend mastication and hot-pressing method, using abandoned glass fiber and polypropylene as raw materials and magnesium hydroxide as flame-retardant reagent. The optimized processing conditions were concluded through orthogonal experiment and the range analysis: magnesium hydroxide mass fraction 25% , polypropylene mass fraction 70% , hot-pressing temperature 180, hot-pressing pressure 10 Mpa. Under these conditions, properties of fiberboard were as follow: tensile strength 20.55 Mpa , bending strength 30.98 Mpa , impact strength 3.65 Mpa , limiting oxygen index 28.2%.

scholarly journals Investigation of Fire Protection Performance and Mechanical Properties of Thin-Ply Bio-Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Cong ◽  
Pooria Khalili ◽  
Chenkai Zhu ◽  
Saihua Li ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Base Line

Hybrid composites composed of bio-based thin-ply carbon fibre prepreg and flame-retardant mats (E20MI) have been produced to investigate the effects of laminate design on their fire protection performance and mechanical properties. These flame-retardant mats rely primarily on expandable graphite, mineral wool and glass fibre to generate a thermal barrier that releases incombustible gasses and protects the underlying material. A flame retardant (FR) mat is incorporated into the carbon fibre bio-based polymeric laminate and the relationship between the fire protection properties and mechanical properties is investigated. Hybrid composite laminates containing FR mats either at the exterior surfaces or embedded 2-plies deep have been tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimetry. The addition of the surface or embedded E20MI flame retardant mats resulted in an improvement from a base line of 33.1% to 47.5% and 45.8%, respectively. All laminates passed the vertical burning test standard of FAR 25.853. Cone calorimeter data revealed an increase in the time to ignition (TTI) for the hybrid composites containing the FR mat, while the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (TTR) were greatly reduced. Furthermore, the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) values indicated that both composites with flame retardant mats had achieved the requirements of EN 45545-2. However, the tensile strengths of laminates with surface or embedded flame-retardant mats were reduced from 1215.94 MPa to 885.92 MPa and 975.48 MPa, respectively. Similarly, the bending strength was reduced from 836.41 MPa to 767.03 MPa and 811.36 MPa, respectively.

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Flame-Retardant Fiberboards Made of Abandoned Flax Fibers and Polyurethanes

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 892-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hua Lv ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
Chun Yan Wei ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Ke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Pressing Time

In this paper, abandoned flax fibers were adopted as reinforcing materials, polyurethane particles were adopted as matrix materials. Through blend mastication and hot-pressing methods to exploit flame-retardant fiberboards, which were made of abandoned flax fibers and polyurethanes. This paper explored the mechanical properties and flame-retardant property.Tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength were selected as mechanical properties' test index, limiting oxygen index was selected as flame-retardant property's test index. Abandoned flax fibers mass fraction, hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time and flame-retardant mass fraction acted as level of factor. The optimized processing conditions were concluded through orthogonal experiment and the range analysis: abandoned flax fibers mass fraction 45%, hot-pressing temperature 170°C, hot-pressing time 6 min, flame-retardant mass fraction 10%. This paper studied the solution of the abandoned fibers’ reuse. At the same time, it provided theoretical guidance for the further development of flame- retardant polyurethane fiberboard.

Non-linear effects in steady supersonic dissipative gasdynamics Part 1. Two-dimensional flow

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Chong ◽  
L. Sirovich
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Inviscid Limit ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Two Dimensional Flow ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
And Diffusion

Steady supersonic two-dimensional flows governed by the Navier–Stokes equations are considered. For flows past a thin body, the Oseen theory is shown to fail at large distances. An investigation of the equations bridging the linear and non-linear zones is made. From this, it follows that the resulting equations are a system of Burgers and diffusion equations. The Whitham theory is shown to result under the inviscid limit of our analysis. Various other limits are also obtained.An explicit expression for flows past a thin airfoil is given, and the flow past a double wedge is exhibited in terms of known functions.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Hardwood Species and Lay-Up Schemes on the Mechanical Properties of Plywood

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikko Kallakas ◽  
Anti Rohumaa ◽  
Harti Vahermets ◽  
Jaan Kers
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Product Density ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Birch Veneer

In Estonia, hardwoods form approximately 50% of all forest area, where the main species are birch (30%), gray alder (9%), aspen (6%) and black alder (4%). Birch has been extensively used by the veneer-based industry, but species like black alder, gray alder and aspen have not been commonly used by the veneer-based products industry due to the lower quality of this resource. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of different lay-up schemes and usages of gray alder, black alder and aspen on the mechanical properties of plywood, by replacing birch veneer in the plywood core with alternative wood species. The main veneer and plywood characteristics will be evaluated according to the current standards, e.g., veneer strength perpendicular to grain, plywood bonding and bending strength, and modulus of elasticity. All processing parameters will be kept similar to those used generally by birch plywood manufacturers. The results showed that birch and black alder plywood panels had generally the highest bending strength properties, followed by grey alder and aspen. It was also found that, for proper gluing, birch veneers had the lowest glue consumption, 152 g/m2, and aspen had the highest glue consumption, 179 g/m2. It was found that when lower density wood was used in the plywood, the product density increased. Low density wood veneers had higher glue consumption, and also higher compaction in thickness than birch veneers under the same pressure. Overall, it was shown that the wood species used in this study have slightly lower strength properties, but with proper lay-up schemes, these wood species could be successfully used by the veneer-based products industry.

Preparation and Performance of AlN-ZrO2 Multiphase Material

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 778-780
Author(s):  
Rong Lin Wang ◽  
Zhi Fa Wang ◽  
Jing Long Bu ◽  
Li Fang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Al Content ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Diffusion

AlN-ZrO2 composites were prepared by solid state reaction in N2 atmosphere at 1500°C for 4h with PSZ and Al powders as raw materials. Effects of Al content on performance of the composites and the process of nitriding reaction were investigated. The results showed that surface layer reaction of samples happened between 450°C and 765°C, and diffusion reaction happened between 765°C and 1500°C. With increasing of Al content, thermal expansion coefficient decreased, bending strength increased, thermal shock resistance and oxidization resistance were improved. Finally, bending strength of 73.61 MPa and thermal expansion coefficient of 6.06×10-6 /°C were realized for AlN-ZrO2 composites.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENTS OF RHEOLOGYCAL AND MECHANICAL-, THERMO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PVC/CORN COB FOAM COMPOSITE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Krisztina Roman ◽  
Gabriella Zsoldos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Foam Composite ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Properties

In this paper, the modification of PVC/Corn cob blends was investigated. Rheological and diffusion properties of blends are important to learn the behavior of blend’s in molten state, because it will provide information necessary for the processing. Nowadays, the development of biomaterials has become a primary goal for material engineers. Using materials from natural sources gives an option to modify PVC structures and properties. The following mechanical properties of the prepared composite were determined; tensile-, bending strength and hardness. The PVC/Corn cob blends have increased impact strength and the other mechanical properties can be improved as well. The relationship between the morphology and properties of the foam were also investigated. The result of DSC and dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the blends form a partially compatible system. The rheological analysis showed that the PVC composite with corn cob could be processed and recycled using regular thermoplastic processing systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Boric Acid and Borax on Fire-Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Urea Formaldehyde Saw Dust Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenat A. Nagieb ◽  
Mona A. Nassar ◽  
Magda G. El-Meligy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Saw Dust

Properties of the flame retardant urea formaldehyde (UF) board made from saw dust fibers were investigated. Flame retardant chemicals that were evaluated include boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) which were incorporated with saw dust fibers to manufacture experimental panels. Three concentration levels, (0.5, 1, and 5%) of fire retardants and 10% urea formaldehyde resin based on oven dry fiber weight were used to manufacture experimental panels. Physical and mechanical properties including water absorption, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were determined. The results showed that water absorption and bending strength decreased as the flame retardant increased. The highest concentration of (BA + BX) enhanced the fire retardant more than the lower ones. Scanning electron microscope and FTIR of composite panels were studied.

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