Behavior Genetics Research on Personality: Moving Beyond Traits to Examine Characteristic Adaptations

This paper argues that behavior genetics research on personality should expand beyond universal traits to include characteristic adaptations. Trait research examines broad, decontextualized, and universal domains such as the Five Factor Model. Characteristic adaptations are more contextualized than traits, such as goals and life strategies as responses to specific life demands. The paper is organized into three sections: (1) a review of the abundance of behavior genetics research on personality traits, which has reached a convergent point at which few further findings are reported beyond the classic distribution of high genetic and non- shared environmental influences with little to no shared environmental effect; (2) a review of existing behavior genetics research on characteristic adaptations that, although limited in volume, has demonstrated patterns far less consistent than traits; and (3) a discussion on future directions and important limitations to consider in conducting and interpreting behavior genetics research on non-trait personality. The connection between characteristic adaptations and contextualized life outcomes, the preponderance of homogenous findings on traits, and the sparse yet promising findings of characteristic adaptations, all support the need for behavior genetics research on personality to expand beyond the broad trait level to characteristic adaptations and beyond.

Resilience mechanisms at work: The psychological immunity-psychological elasticity (PI-PE) model of psychological resilience

Recently, scientists have shifted their focus from studying psychological resilience as a single, isolated construct (e.g. attribute or outcome) to studying it as a dynamic process encompassing a number of temporally related elements. Models depicting this process explain why some people adapt to stressor exposure, whereas others do not. To date, these process models did not sufficiently explain how people adapt differently to a stressor. To address this issue, we developed a new model of psychological resilience, called the Psychological Immunity-Psychological Elasticity (PI-PE) model. The aim of this article is to clarify this model and to discuss its added value. First, we explain how we derived the PI-PE model from the literature regarding both the crucial elements in any resilience process model and the (mal)adaptive outcomes following stressful events. Secondly, we describe the different elements that make up the model. Characteristic of the PI-PE model is that it distinguishes between two pathways of psychological resilience – psychological immunity and psychological elasticity – with four adaptive outcomes, namely sustainability, recovery, transformation and thriving. To explain how people arrive at these different outcomes, we argue that two consecutive mechanisms are critical in these pathways: tolerance and narrative construction. Taken as a whole, the PI-PE model presents a comprehensive framework to inspire both research and practice. It explains how the process of psychological resilience works differently for different people and how to support individuals in their process towards successfully and differently adapting to stressors.

Diversifi cation model of a holding company’s activity (in case of the Rosatom State Corporation)

The empirical research conducted by the authors revealed a number of models for diversifying defense enterprises in Russia. The model characteristic for Rosatom State Corporation has been examined in a precise detail. The main parts of the model include strategy, product, technologies, technology transfer, structural organization, marketing, financing, state regulation. The parts consist of a number of elements configured in various ways depending on the tasks to be done, external conditions, resources, etc. The model takes into consideration three basic targets: raising sustainability of a large holding company’s activity; diversifying activities of the defense enterprises that are part of the state company; performing government functions such as developing high-technology industries, exploring areas of presence, shaping public policy in these directions. The model involves exploiting technologies developed by the enterprises of the state corporation, by traditional defense partners, by external non-defense partners including foreign ones. These technologies provide the basis for creating new civil products with market novelty, high technology, perspective, profitability, and also there must be a possibility to manufacture these products at the enterprises of the state corporation. The peculiar features of the model include arranging diversification at three levels – the corporation level, the division level and the enterprise level; using an integrator – a company which unites and coordinates activities of different enterprises in a certain direction, provides marketing, attracts external partners, deal with customers, etc. Development of the model involves development of innovative facilities in the areas of presence, more active cooperation with non-defense organizations, developing forms of transfer of technologies.

Search for $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ charged dark matter with neutrino telescope

We study a simple Dirac fermion dark matter model in $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ U 1 L μ − L τ theory. The new light gauge boson X plays important roles in both dark matter physics and the explanation for the muon g− 2 anomaly. The observed dark matter relic density is realized by a large $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ U 1 L μ − L τ charge without introducing a resonance effect of the X boson. As a by-product of the model, characteristic neutrino signatures from sub-GeV dark matter ψ are predicted depending on the mass spectrum. We formulate the analysis of $$ \psi \overline{\psi}\to \nu \overline{\nu} $$ ψ ψ ¯ → ν ν ¯ , and of $$ \psi \overline{\psi}\to XX $$ ψ ψ ¯ → XX followed by $$ X\to \nu \overline{\nu} $$ X → ν ν ¯ in a model independent way. The energy spectrum of neutrinos in the former process is monochromatic while in the latter process is bowl-shape. We also evaluate sensitivity at Super-Kamiokande and future Hyper-Kamiokande detectors. The analysis is finally applied to the $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ U 1 L μ − L τ dark matter model.

Organoid Models of Glioblastoma and Their Role in Drug Discovery

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating adult brain cancer with high rates of recurrence and treatment resistance. Cellular heterogeneity and extensive invasion of surrounding brain tissues are characteristic features of GBM that contribute to its intractability. Current GBM model systems do not recapitulate some of the complex features of GBM and have not produced sufficiently-effective treatments. This has cast doubt on the effectiveness of current GBM models and drug discovery paradigms. In search of alternative pre-clinical GBM models, various 3D organoid-based GBM model systems have been developed using human cells. The scalability of these systems and potential to more accurately model characteristic features of GBM, provide promising new avenues for pre-clinical GBM research and drug discovery efforts. Here, we review the current suite of organoid-GBM models, their individual strengths and weaknesses, and discuss their future applications with an emphasis on compound screening.

Vehicle Routing Optimisation in Humanitarian Operations: A Survey on Modelling and Optimisation Approaches

The growing field of humanitarian operations is driven by frequent events of disasters seen in the world today. Within this field, Operations Research (OR) plays a critical role in alleviating the suffering of victims that are impacted by disasters. This paper focuses on the branch of a well-known OR problem, known as the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), within the selected scope of humanitarian operations. A total of 123 papers of the last decade are reviewed and classified under the humanitarian operations of supply and delivery, evacuation as well as rescue operations. Besides specific disaster management phases and disaster types, various modelling challenges are highlighted, hinting towards a richer and more complex VRP seen under selected model characteristic classifications. Furthermore, established solution approaches, including hybrid solutions, are highlighted and classified, discussing how they are applied in the context of these humanitarian operations. The inclusion of a machine learning solution approach under the same classification is proposed. Finally, the trend and future outlook of VRP for the suggested humanitarian operations are discussed and highlighted.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business models of regular air carriers

This paper analyzes the changing characteristics of air transportation business models due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These characterics differ with each kind of the air transport carrier. It was possible to observe the changes of the business models characteristics even sooner, during the hybridization. As regards the business models hybridization, it's given that with individual type of carriers it's rather natural activity, resulting from the need of increasing profits, reducting costs or simply the effort to successfully enter the different market. With the business model characteristic changes due to the pandemics it's rather about the forced changes triggered by the need to adapt to the current situation. Each air transport carrier bussiness model characteristics are introduced, followed up by the analysis of their changes. These changes were or are induced by the need to adapt or to completely change their behavior in the pandemic affected time. The analytical part of the paper provides easily understandable results of the air transport carrier’s behavior. It is possible to observe what the carriers are capable and willing to undertake in order to keep the customer. This paper ultimately introduces the forced changes, the air transport carriers had to accede in order to save the business from bankruptcy as well as how it would be possible to adapt their provided services in future.

Characteristic Test and Electromagnetic Analysis of Regenerative Hybrid Electrodynamic Damper for Vibration Mitigation and Monitoring of Stay Cables

Electromagnetic dampers are emerging as alternatives to conventional dampers applied to stay cables of bridges because they can reduce maintenance costs and allow vibration monitoring owing to their permanent driving characteristics and self-generation function. In this study, the main equations (including those for the induced electromotive force of the active coils and the total damping force of the damper) were derived through magnetic circuit analysis using the main parameters of the electromagnetic damper model. Characteristic tests were performed on electromagnetic damper prototypes to analyze the hysteretic dynamics and derive characteristics according to their structure and excitation conditions. On the basis of the results, we proposed a regenerative hybrid electrodynamic damper with an oxygen-free copper tube and teeth structure. Its physical and electromagnetic behaviors were examined through an electromagnetic analysis of the finite element model of the proposed damper. The results confirmed that attenuation occurred via strengthened magnetic flows, and the estimated power production is suitable for energy harvesting applications. Therefore, we confirmed the feasibility of constructing a system that can simultaneously perform cable attenuation and vibration monitoring using the proposed damper.

Perbandingan Model Characteristic Drying Rate Curve dan Reaction Engineering Approach Berdasarkan Hasil Eksperimen Pengeringan Mango Tissues

Proses pengeringan dapat dimodelkan secara umum menjadi dua model matematika, model empirikal dan mekanistik. CDRC (Characteristic Drying Rate Curve) and REA (Reaction Engineering Approach) adalah salah satu model mekanistik untuk mencari kondisi fisis di semua bagian, yang tidak bisa dilakukan oleh model empirikal. Hasil yang diperoleh dengan cara simulasi menunjukkan profil temperatur dan kadar air pada jaringan mangga yang telah divalidasi berdasarkan literatur. Mean square error dan nilai variasinya menunjukkan kemiripan antara kadar air dan temperatur. Data eksperimen untuk REA menggunakan temperatur pengeringan 338K dan nilai Y pada 0,0134kg H2O/kg udara kering. CDRC dibagi menjadi dua pendekatan model, Constant Rate Period (CRP) dan Falling Rate Period (FRP) pada temperatur 338K. Penentuan energi aktivasi relatif diperoleh sebagai jumlah kadar air yang hilang, pada temperatur 328K. Hasil yang ditunjukkan model CDRC dan REA relatif sama, dimana CDRC lebih mendekati data eksperimen. Pada kurva pengeringan, kadar air jaringan mangga menurun secara eksponensial sedangkan temperatur jaringan mangga menaik secara eksponensial.