Dynamic performance of optimized microwave assisted extraction to obtain Eucalyptus essential oil: energy requirements and environmental impact

The dynamic performance of a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was studied during the extraction of eucalyptus essential oil. The effect of different process variables such as solid/liquid ratio (1:1, 1:3, or 1:5), stirring speed (0, 200, or 400 rpm), and power microwave output (360, 450, or 540 W) on obtained yield, energy requirements and environmental impact were assessed. The maximum yield was 1.26 ± 0.01% and the steam generation velocities between 4.8 and 8.8 g/min favor the extraction. In terms of environmental impact, the lowest EI99 value obtained was 6.93 ± 0.1 mPT/g. A multi-response optimization was performed to identify the operating conditions that maximize yield, while minimize energy requirements and environmental impact. Temperature dynamics and extraction kinetics were fitted to a second-order transfer function model, aimed to evaluate the role of heating patterns on the process performance. Finally, a controlled temperature experiment was carried out under the optimal conditions.

Antiviral Activities of Eucalyptus Essential Oils: Their Effectiveness as Therapeutic Targets against Human Viruses

Given the limited therapeutic management of infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, the medicinal use of essential oils obtained from Eucalyptus trees has emerged as an antiviral alternative, either as a complement to the treatment of symptoms caused by infection or to exert effects on possible pharmacological targets of viruses. This review gathers and discusses the main findings on the emerging role and effectiveness of Eucalyptus essential oil as an antiviral agent. Studies have shown that Eucalyptus essential oil and its major monoterpenes have enormous potential for preventing and treating infectious diseases caused by viruses. The main molecular mechanisms involved in the antiviral activity are direct inactivation, that is, by the direct binding of monoterpenes with free viruses, particularly with viral proteins involved in the entry and penetration of the host cell, thus avoiding viral infection. Furthermore, this review addresses the coadministration of essential oil and available vaccines to increase protection against different viruses, in addition to the use of essential oil as a complementary treatment of symptoms caused by viruses, where Eucalyptus essential oil exerts anti-inflammatory, mucolytic, and spasmolytic effects in the attenuation of inflammatory responses caused by viruses, in particular respiratory diseases.

BIOACTIVITY OF EUCALYPTUS ESSENTIAL OIL

Eucalyptus plant belongs to myrtaceae family, it commonly known as eucalyptus. In line with worldwide, it’s worldwide cultivated plant. Eucalyptus plant parts has various and different bioactivities. The main chemical components of eucalyptus plant is 1, 8 cineole. It has very strong medicinal properties. And other major chemical components are limonene, ?pinene, P-Cymene, Terpine-1-ol, Globulol. Eucalyptus essential oil has strong bioactivities like antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antimycotoxigenic activities. Eucalyptus essential oil also has preservative properties. A review provides an overview of the current literature on eucalyptus essential oils mainly antifungal, antimycotoxigenic activity and their uses.

ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM EUCALYPTUS AND CYMBOPOGON LEAVES BY STEAM DISTILLATION FOR MAKING NATURAL MIXTURE HAVING EFFECT AS A MOSQUITO REPELLENT

Abstract-HCTN7. Natural essential oils of plant have been applied over the world becausef these biosafety natural compounds. Applicant levels from the steaming pot among the common people to the raw essential oils or pure extract essence from original natural sources for making special products. Eucalyptus essential oil obtains from Eucalyptus leaves contain 998 mg/L α-eucalyptol, Cymbopogon essential oil obtains from lemon grasses contain 64,8% citral. These essential oils have been paid attention because of there were abundant raw materials in the Mekong Delta area. Therefore, the study was conducted to aim of extracting essential oils from Eucalyptus and Cymbopogon leaves as well as examminate their effect on mosquito repellent. The factors affecting the amount of extracted oils are the time to withered materials (0 h; 2.5 h; 5 h), how the way to preliminary treatment of the materials (crushing or without crushing), the distilled water aidding (400 mL, 500 mL, 600 mL)/300g materials, the distillation time (2 h; 2.5 h; 3 h). The data was evaluated by statistical program. Mixing ratio of Cymbopogon oil: Eucalyptus oil: coconut oil, one of the important criteria to be investigated for evaluating the ability to repel mosquitoes is in turn (40:10:50), (35:15:50), (30:20:50). Experimental results reveal that crushing (Cymbopogon), without crushing (Eucalyptus) of fresh materials, 500 mL of distilled water aidding, 3 h of distillation time were the best during the oil extraction process. The contents of mixing formula of the Cymbopogon essiential oil: Eucalyptus essiential oil: coconut oil (40: 10: 50) is the most effective with the ability to falling mosquitoes only after 5 minutes and killing 84.67% mosquitoes after 24 hours. The natural mixture of Cymbopogon oil, Eucalyptus oil, and coconut oil, safety for human health and more friendly to the environment.Keywords: Coconut oil, Eucalyptus essential oil, Eucalyptus leaves, Cymbopogon essential oil, Cymbopogon leaves, mosquito repellent, steam distillation.Classification numbers:1.4.6.

EUCALYPTUS ESSENTIAL OIL; AN OFF-LABEL USE TO PROTECT THE WORLD FROM COVID-19 PANDEMIC: REVIEW-BASED HYPOTHESES

Objective: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 causes both health and economic crises and up till now no drug or vaccine has yet been approved. There is an increased demand to explore other complementary methods to protect the world. Eucalyptus essential oil; a popular off-label drug used to relieve nasal congestion via inhalation with promising effects on the upper respiratory diseases including viral infections. Methods: In order to provide review-based hypotheses demonstrating eucalyptus essential oil beneficial role; several published studies were retrieved from different databases and websites till June 2020. The retrieved data declared the antiviral potentials against viruses of same subgenus or with same pattern and the beneficial effects on respiratory system, immunity and overall health improvement, along with declaring the application methods and safety. Results: Off-label use of Eucalyptus essential oil by inhaling 12drops /150mL or 1.5% v/v solution boiling water may relief COVID-19 mild and moderate symptoms as pain, cough, respiratory inflammation, cytokine storm and dyspnea. Conclusions: Experimental and clinical data proved that inhalation of eucalyptus essential oil may provide the ability to reduce COVID-19 patients symptoms and morbidity risk factors and may play a role as a preventative technique complementary to WHO guidance for beating COVID-19 virulence and transmission spread. Peer Review History: Received 28 June 2020; Revised 20 July; Accepted 10 August, Available online 15 September 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Dalia Kamal Zaffar Ali Affiliation: Modern University for technology and information, Egypt E-mail: [email protected] Name: Prof. Dr. Mahadeva Rao US Affiliation: Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] Name: Francesco Ferrara Affiliation: USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: THE RISKS AND ADVANTAGES OF ANTI-DIABETES THERAPY IN THE POSITIVE COVID-19 PATIENT

Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on the postharvest quality of ‘Carola’ roses

The consumer market has been demanding quality plant products, without any contamination or chemical residues, restricting their use in postharvest. As a result, is necessary increase the development of research seeking more sustainable and economic alternatives. The objective was to identify the ideal concentration of eucalyptus essential oil to maintain postharvest quality of ‘Carola’ roses. At laboratory, stems of the ‘Carola’ roses were standardized at 35 cm, labeled and subjected to the following doses of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) essential oil: 0.25%; 0.5%; 0.75%; 1.0% and 1.25%. Spraying with distilled water was used as a control. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme consisting of two factors: six postharvest treatments and seven evaluation dates (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days). Four replications were used, with two flowers each. Stems fresh mass and color of the petals were analyzed daily. In addition, the visual quality was also evaluated. The total anthocyanin content in the petals was evaluated every three days at the beginning, middle and end of the experimental period. Eucalyptus essential oil in all doses tested provided better maintenance on the postharvest quality of roses: 0.25% and 0.5% (better grades), 1.0% and 1.25% (lower hue angle) and 0.25% (higher anthocyanin content). On the 5th day, the flower stems lost 16% of fresh mass, without signs of wilting and the assigned scores also indicated that the stems remained fit for commercialization until the fifth day (total vase life). In conclusion, eucalyptus essential oil at doses 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0% and 1.25% is effective in maintaining the quality of ‘Carola’ roses for up to five days at 25 °C.