Identification of transposon-inserted mutations including rnpB::Tn that abolished glucose induction of sigX encoding extracytoplasmic function-sigma factor in Bacillus subtilis

We investigated the regulators of the glucose induction (GI) of the ECF-sigma genes sigX/M. During further screening of transposon-inserted mutants, we identified several regulators including an RNA component of RNase P (rnpB), which is required for tRNA maturation. A depletion of rnpB is known to trigger the stringent response. We showed evidence that the stringent response inhibited GI of sigX/M.

Efektivitas Rebusan Daun Muntingia Calabura L Segar dan Kering sebagai Penurun Hiperglikemia pada Mencit

Muntingia Calabura L is one of the plants that can reduce hyperglycemia which has an antioxidant effect. This effect is due to its high content of flavonoids that can inhibit the oxidation process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of fresh and dry cherry leaves decoction in reducing hyperglycemia in mice (Mus-Musculus). The study used a laboratory-experimental design with a glucose induction method using 24 male mice divided into eight groups: positive control (metformin), negative control (aquadest), three groups of cherry leaves (fresh and dry) with a concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Each group consisted of 3 male mice. The results showed that an effective decrease was in the positive control of metformin 113 mg/dl, following a 15% concentration in fresh leaves 88 mg/dl, and 15% dry leaves 79 mg/dl. The conclusion in this study was that there was no significant difference between the stew of fresh cherry leaves and dried cherry leaves. The decoction of fresh cherry leaves and dried cherry leaves were both effective in reducing mouse hyperglycemia at a concentration of 15%. It is suggested for further research to use fresh and dry cherry leaf extract samples using other methods.

Potentiality of Self-Cloned Lactobacillus plantarum Taj-Apis362 for Enhancing GABA Production in Yogurt under Glucose Induction: Optimization and Its Cardiovascular Effect on Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats

The current study evaluated the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing ability from three novel strains of lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum Taj-Apis362, assigned as UPMC90, UPMC91, and UPMC1065) co-cultured with starter culture in a yogurt. A combination of UPMC90 + UPMC91 with starter culture symbiotically revealed the most prominent GABA-producing effect. Response surface methodology revealed the optimized fermentation conditions at 39.0 °C, 7.25 h, and 11.5 mM glutamate substrate concentration to produce GABA-rich yogurt (29.96 mg/100 g) with desirable pH (3.93) and water-holding capacity (63.06%). At 2% glucose to replace pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), a cofactor typically needed during GABA production, GABA content was further enhanced to 59.00 mg/100 g. In vivo study using this sample revealed a blood pressure-lowering efficacy at 0.1 mg/kg GABA dosage (equivalent to 30 mg/kg GABA-rich yogurt) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. An improved method to produce GABA-rich yogurt has been established, involving shorter fermentation time and lower glutamate concentration than previous work, along with glucose induction that omits the use of costly PLP, fostering the potential of developing a GABA-rich functional dairy product through natural fermentation with desirable product quality and antihypertensive property.

Effect of Glucose Induction on Biofilm Density in Clinical Isolate Acinetobacter baumannii Patients in Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

This study aimed to analyze the effect of glucose induction on the clinical isolate biofilm density of Acinetobacter baumannii. Thirteen clinical isolates of A. baumannii non biofilm forming were collected from non-DM patients who were treated at the ICU of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, was treated with the addition of 0.08% glucose, 0.15% glucose, 0.2% glucose, and 0.4% glucose in TSB growth media, followed by biofilm density examination with Tissue Culture Plate Method (TCPM) using 96 wells flatbottomed polyesterene tissue culture plate and read by autoreader ELISA with a wavelength of 630 nm (OD630). Biofilm density obtained was analyzed using ANOVA statistical analysis. The results of OD630 showed that the biofilm density increased significantly at the addition of 0.2% and 0.4% glucose. There was a significant increase in biofilm density at the addition of 0.2% and 0.4% glucose so that the management of blood sugar levels in ICU patients was needed before and when medical devices were installed.

Fagopyrum tataricum(Buckwheat) Improved High-Glucose-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mouse Hepatocytes and Diabetes in Fructose-Rich Diet-Induced Mice

Fagopyrum tataricum(buckwheat) is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. This study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and anti-insulin resistance effects of 75% ethanol extracts of buckwheat (EEB) in FL83B hepatocytes by high-glucose (33 mM) induction and in C57BL/6 mice by fructose-rich diet (FRD; 60%) induction. The active compounds of EEB (100 μg/mL; 50 mg/kg bw), quercetin (6 μg/mL; 3 mg/kg bw), and rutin (23 μg/mL; 11.5 mg/kg bw) were also employed to treat FL83B hepatocytes and animal. Results indicated that EEB, rutin, and quercetin + rutin significantly improved 2-NBDG uptake via promoting Akt phosphorylation and preventing PPARγdegradation caused by high-glucose induction for 48 h in FL83B hepatocytes. We also found that EEB could elevate hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities to attenuate insulin resistance as well as its antioxidation caused by rutin and quercetin. Finally, EEB also inhibited increases in blood glucose and insulin levels of C57BL/6 mice induced by FRD.

Involvement of F-Actin in Chaperonin-Containing t-Complex 1 Beta Regulating Mouse Mesangial Cell Functions in a Glucose-Induction Cell Model

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide 1 beta (CCT2) in the regulation of mouse mesangial cell (mMC) contraction, proliferation, and migration with filamentous/globular-(F/G-) actin ratio under high glucose induction. A low CCT2 mMC model induced by treatment of small interference RNA was established. Groups with and without low CCT2 induction examined in normal and high (H) glucose conditions revealed the following major results: (1) low CCT2 or H glucose showed the ability to attenuate F/G-actin ratio; (2) groups with low F/G-actin ratio all showed less cell contraction; (3) suppression of CCT2 may reduce the proliferation and migration which were originally induced by H glucose. In conclusion, CCT2 can be used as a specific regulator for mMC contraction, proliferation, and migration affected by glucose, which mechanism may involve the alteration of F-actin, particularly for cell contraction.