scholarly journals HY5: A Pivotal Regulator of Light-Dependent Development in Higher Plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntao Xiao ◽  
Li Chu ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Yeting Bian ◽  
Jiahui Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Genome Level

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as photomorphogenesis, root growth, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, nutrient acquisition, and response to abiotic stresses. HY5 is evolutionally conserved in function among various plant species. HY5 acts as a master regulator of light-mediated transcriptional regulatory hub that directly or indirectly controls the transcription of approximately one-third of genes at the whole genome level. The transcription, protein abundance, and activity of HY5 are tightly modulated by a variety of factors through distinct regulatory mechanisms. This review primarily summarizes recent advances on HY5-mediated molecular and physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms on HY5 in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as in crops.

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Pro-Vascular Cellular Morphology in Chaetophora Incressata

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
A. E. Hotchkiss ◽  
A. T. Hotchkiss ◽  
R. P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Multicellular green algae may be an ancestral form of the vascular plants. These algae exhibit cell wall structure, chlorophyll pigmentation, and physiological processes similar to those of higher plants. The presence of a vascular system which provides water, minerals, and nutrients to remote tissues in higher plants was believed unnecessary for the algae. Among the green algae, the Chaetophorales are complex highly branched forms that might require some means of nutrient transport. The Chaetophorales do possess apical meristematic groups of cells that have growth orientations suggestive of stem and root positions. Branches of Chaetophora incressata were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for ultrastructural evidence of pro-vascular transport.

Plant carotenoid cleavage oxygenases: structure–function relationships and role in development and metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Dhar ◽  
Sonal Mishra ◽  
Archana Bhat ◽  
Sudha Chib ◽  
Sanjana Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Domain Architecture ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Non Heme Iron ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Functional Understanding ◽  
Signal Production

Abstract A plant communicates within itself and with the outside world by deploying an array of agents that include several attractants by virtue of their color and smell. In this category, the contribution of ‘carotenoids and apocarotenoids’ is very significant. Apocarotenoids, the carotenoid-derived compounds, show wide representation among organisms. Their biosynthesis occurs by oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, a high-value reaction, mediated by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases or carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs)—a family of non-heme iron enzymes. Structurally, this protein family displays wide diversity but is limited in its distribution among plants. Functionally, this protein family has been recognized to offer a role in phytohormones, volatiles and signal production. Further, their wide presence and clade-specific functional disparity demands a comprehensive account. This review focuses on the critical assessment of CCDs of higher plants, describing recent progress in their functional aspects and regulatory mechanisms, domain architecture, classification and localization. The work also highlights the relevant discussion for further exploration of this multi-prospective protein family for the betterment of its functional understanding and improvement of crops.

scholarly journals Protein lysine crotonylation: past, present, perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoyue Jiang ◽  
Chunxia Li ◽  
Meng Lu ◽  
Kefeng Lu ◽  
Huihui Li
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Histone Proteins ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Enzymatic Mechanisms ◽  
Substrate Proteins ◽  
Tools And Methods

AbstractLysine crotonylation has been discovered in histone and non-histone proteins and found to be involved in diverse diseases and biological processes, such as neuropsychiatric disease, carcinogenesis, spermatogenesis, tissue injury, and inflammation. The unique carbon–carbon π-bond structure indicates that lysine crotonylation may use distinct regulatory mechanisms from the widely studied other types of lysine acylation. In this review, we discussed the regulation of lysine crotonylation by enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms, the recognition of substrate proteins, the physiological functions of lysine crotonylation and its cross-talk with other types of modification. The tools and methods for prediction and detection of lysine crotonylation were also described.

scholarly journals Melatonin as Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Alleviator for Sustainable Agricultural Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Ayesha Sarwar ◽  
Bushra Ahmad ◽  
Asma Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Growth Development

Melatonin, a multifunctional signaling molecule, is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physiochemical responses against adverse environmental conditions in various plant systems. Melatonin acts as an indoleamine neurotransmitter and is primarily considered as an antioxidant agent that can control reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plants. Melatonin, being a signaling agent, induces several specific physiological responses in plants that might serve to enhance photosynthesis, growth, carbon fixation, rooting, seed germination and defense against several biotic and abiotic stressors. It also works as an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones such as in the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin and auxin carrier proteins. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzyme genes under stress conditions make it a more versatile molecule. Because of the diversity of action of melatonin, its role in plant growth, development, behavior and regulation of gene expression it is a plant’s master regulator. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology, growth, development and regulation of higher plants. Its role as anti-stressor agent against various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is also analyzed critically. Additionally, we have also identified many new aspects where melatonin may have possible roles in plants, for example, its function in improving the storage life and quality of fruits and vegetables, which can be useful in enhancing the environmentally friendly crop production and ensuring food safety.

scholarly journals Emerging multifaceted roles of BAP1 complexes in biological processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Patricia Szczepanski ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Multiprotein Complex ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Polycomb Repressive Complex 1

AbstractHistone H2AK119 mono-ubiquitination (H2AK119Ub) is a relatively abundant histone modification, mainly catalyzed by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to regulate Polycomb-mediated transcriptional repression of downstream target genes. Consequently, H2AK119Ub can also be dynamically reversed by the BAP1 complex, an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex that functions as a general transcriptional activator. In previous studies, it has been reported that the BAP1 complex consists of important biological roles in development, metabolism, and cancer. However, identifying the BAP1 complex’s regulatory mechanisms remains to be elucidated due to its various complex forms and its ability to target non-histone substrates. In this review, we will summarize recent findings that have contributed to the diverse functional role of the BAP1 complex and further discuss the potential in targeting BAP1 for therapeutic use.

A succinct access to ω-hydroxylated jasmonates via olefin metathesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo H. Jimenez-Aleman ◽  
Selina Seçinti ◽  
Wilhelm Boland
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Olefin Metathesis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Cross Metathesis ◽  
Physiological Processes

AbstractIn higher plants, jasmonates are lipid-derived signaling molecules that control many physiological processes, including responses to abiotic stress, defenses against insects and pathogens, and development. Among jasmonates, ω-oxidized compounds form an important subfamily. The biological roles of these ω-modified derivatives are not fully understood, largely due to their limited availability. Herein, a brief (two-step), simple and efficient (>80% yield), versatile, gram-scalable, and environmentally friendly synthetic route to ω-oxidized jasmonates is described. The approach utilizes olefin cross-metathesis as the key step employing inexpensive, commercially available substrates and catalysts.

scholarly journals Screening Driving Transcription Factors in the Processing of Gastric Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhong Xu ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Nengwei Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Guosheng Feng
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Network ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory

Background. Construction of the transcriptional regulatory network can provide additional clues on the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic applications in gastric cancer.Methods. Gene expression profiles of gastric cancer were downloaded from GEO database for integrated analysis. All of DEGs were analyzed by GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment. Transcription factors were further identified and then a global transcriptional regulatory network was constructed.Results. By integrated analysis of the six eligible datasets (340 cases and 43 controls), a bunch of 2327 DEGs were identified, including 2100 upregulated and 227 downregulated DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that digestion was a significantly enriched GO term for biological process. Moreover, there were two important enriched KEGG pathways: cell cycle and homologous recombination. Furthermore, a total of 70 differentially expressed TFs were identified and the transcriptional regulatory network was constructed, which consisted of 566 TF-target interactions. The top ten TFs regulating most downstream target genes were BRCA1, ARID3A, EHF, SOX10, ZNF263, FOXL1, FEV, GATA3, FOXC1, and FOXD1. Most of them were involved in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.Conclusion. The transcriptional regulatory network can help researchers to further clarify the underlying regulatory mechanisms of gastric cancer tumorigenesis.

F-box protein MdAMR1L1 regulates ascorbate biosynthesis in apple by modulating GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songya Ma ◽  
Huixia Li ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Baiyun Li ◽  
Zhengyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Guanosine Diphosphate ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ubiquitination Pathway ◽  
F Box Protein

Abstract Ascorbate (Asc) is an important antioxidant in plants and humans that plays key roles in various physiological processes. Understanding the regulation of Asc content in fruit plants is important for improving plant resiliency and optimizing Asc in food. Here, we found that both the transcript level and protein abundance of Asc Mannose pathway Regulator 1 Like 1 (MdAMR1L1) was negatively associated with Asc levels during the development of apple (Malus × domestica) fruit. The overexpression or silencing of MdAMR1L1 in apple indicated that MdAMR1L1 negatively regulated Asc levels. However, in the leaves of MdAMR1L1-overexpressing apple lines, the transcript levels of the Asc synthesis gene Guanosine diphosphate-mannose pyrophosphorylase MdGMP1 were increased, while its protein levels and enzyme activity were reduced. This occurred because the MdAMR1L1 protein interacted with MdGMP1 and promoted its degradation via the ubiquitination pathway to inhibit Asc synthesis at the post-translational level. MdERF98, an apple ethylene response factor, whose transcription was modulated by Asc level, is directly bound to the promoter of MdGMP1 to promote the transcription of MdGMP1. These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of Asc biosynthesis in apples and revealed potential opportunities to improve fruit Asc levels.

scholarly journals MicroRNA biogenesis: Epigenetic modifications as another layer of complexity to the microRNA expression regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Sagar Bhat ◽  
Artur Jarmolowski ◽  
Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Microrna Biogenesis ◽  
Regulatory Machinery

Since their discovery, microRNAs have led to a huge shift in our understanding of the regulation of key biological processes. The discovery of epigenetic modifications that affect microRNA expression has added another layer of complexity to the already tightly controlled regulatory machinery. The presence of N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) mark and its critical importance in miRNA biogenesis in animals adds to our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms.

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