scholarly journals Literature Review Uji Evaluasi Sediaan Krim

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Neneng Sri Purwaningsih ◽  
Siti Novy Romlah ◽  
Ayu Choirunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Test Review ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Homogeneity

The format of preparation cosmetic in a cream form is still popular in Indonesia, especially for the women. Because its easier to applied, and more comfortable. Literature review of evaluation cream preparation test is to compare the results of cream evaluation preparation from the previous researches, in order to get the best test results and accordance with specified conditions. The general purpose of this research is to know the results of Literature review of evaluation cream preparation test from several journals. Method This research is qualitative research which is Library research Cream evaluation preparation is a Parameters that have been established to determine the stability of cream preparation including organoleptic test, pH test, homogeneity test, type cream test, viscosity test, and scattering test. From the result of organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test and scattering test review have the results partial test standards, and some doesn’t. this is due to the temperature factor, excessive extract concentration and chemical reaction at the time of storage is accelerated. Whereas at the results of homogeneity test have a quite good homogeneity, and in a type cream test has A/M and M/A type cream.Keywords:Evaluation of cream preparationOrganoleptic testpH testHomogenity testType cream test ABSTRAK Bentuk sediaan kosmetik berupa krim sampai saat ini masih banyak digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia khususnya kaum wanita karena lebih mudah diaplikasikan, lebih nyaman digunakan. Literatur Review Uji Evaluasi Sediaan Krim adalah untuk membandingkan hasil evaluasi sediaan krim dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya agar mendapatkan hasil uji yang terbaik dan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan Umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil Literatur Review uji evaluasi sediaan krim dari berberapa jurnal. Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat studi pustaka (library research) yang menggunakan buku-buku dan literatur-literatur lainnya sebagai objek yang utama. Evaluasi sediaan krim adalah parameter yang telah ditetapkan untuk mengetahui kestabilan sediaan krim diantaranya uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji tipe krim, uji viskositas, dan uji Daya sebar. Hasil review uji organoleptik, pH, viksositas dan daya sebar memiliki hasil sebagian memenuhi standar uji, dan sebagian tidak memenuhi standar uji yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini dikarenakan faktor suhu, konsentrasi ekstrak yang berlebih serta reaksi kimia pada saat penyimpanan dipercepat. Sedangkan pada hasil uji homogenitas secara keseluruhan jurnal yang diuji memiliki homogenitas yang cukup baik, serta uji tipe krim yaitu memiliki tipe krim A/M dan M/AKata Kunci:Evaluasi sediaan krimUji organoleptikUji pHUji homogenitasUji tipe krim

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EFFECTIVITY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT GEL PREPARATION CONTAINING ZEAXANTHIN AS ANTI AGING

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
FAJAR SETIAWAN ◽  
LUSI NURDIANTI ◽  
NENG SRI
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Physical Evaluation ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Gel Preparation

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the IC50 value of zeaxanthin, to know the formula that meets the requirements of the results of physical evaluation of gel preparations, and to know the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel as an anti-aging on the skin. Methods: The preparation of this gel is made using zeaxanthin as an active substance with concentrations of 5%; 7.5%; and 10%. Tests conducted are organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, spreadability, viscosity, irritation test and cycling test. Tests conducted are organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, spreadability, viscosity, irritation test and cycling test. Tests on the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel preparations against the backs of volunteers' hands were divided into 4 groups as well as testing conducted over 28 d. Results: The results showed a value of IC50 zeaxanthin of 9.044 μg/ml, all gel preparations met the requirements of physical evaluation results except in cycling test and test results of the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel preparations on the backs of volunteer hands there was an increase in humidity with an average increase of 33.17%±11.867 and wrinkles obedience with an average decrease of 47.466%±7.115. Conclusion: Zeaxanthin can be formulated as gel anti-aging.

Current literature review on methods for measuring the stability of osseointegrable implants.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Noha El-Wassefy ◽  
Lars Sennerby ◽  
Dhoom SIngh Mehta ◽  
Thiago De Santana Santos
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Implant Survival ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Case Documentation ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
The Stability

“Osseointegration” as formulated by Alberktson is crucial for implant survival and success. Osseointegration is a measure of implant stability. Measuring implant stability helps to arrive at decisions as to loading of an implant, allows choice of protocol on a patient to patient basis and provides better case documentation. A successful implant reflects good bone to implant contact and is determined by implant stability both primary and secondary. Implant stability is achieved at two different stages – primary (immediately after implant placement) and secondary (3-4 months after implant placement). Implant stability has been confirmed to affect the process of osseointegration and therefore is essential to understand the methods to measure implant stability and factors influencing. Various methods are developed to assess implant stability which suggests the prognosis of an implant.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KELILING KELOMPOK (ROUND CLUB) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS LAPORAN PERJALANAN SISWA KELAS V SDN 01 NAGARI BUKIK SIKUMPA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirda Linda
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Class V ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Lecture Method

This research is motivated by the low desire of students in writing travel reports. The lack of students' knowledge of the report concept, the lack of students' knowledge of the 5W + 1H report points of good and correct language, the lack of students' knowledge of the spatial, time and topic pattern and not yet reached KKM 75. The method used by the teacher has not been interesting, lecture method. The purpose of this study is to describe the skills of writing travel reports by using Round Club learning model which is viewed from the aspect of understanding the report concept, the use of 5W +1H report points, the spatial, time, and topic pattern.The population of this study is the students of class V Lessons Year 2017/2018 which amounted to 2 classes with the number 80. The sample of research as much as two classes taken by the sample of propotional.Class V.1 as experimental class and class V.2 as control class. The research instrument used is performance test. Provide an assessment by specifying the subject of the 5W + 1H report, as well as the spatial, time and topic pattern. Data were analyzed by 't' test by first testing normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing.The results showed that the average control class 68 with more than enough qualifications with standard deviation 16.96. 83 experimental class with good qualification and standard deviation of 15.42 and there is a significant influence on the result of writing skill of class V SDN 01 Nagari Bukik SikumpaSubdistrict, Lima Puluh Kota. This is evidenced by the average value of writing skills in the experiment class higher than the average value in the control class. Normality test results indicate that the two sample classes of  Lo  values in the control class -0.2141 are smaller than the normal 0.190 Lt distributed. Homogeneity test results that the variation of this study is homogeneous at a real level of 0.05, because Ftable 2.16 > Fhitung 1.21 and the results of data analysis then obtained = 2.78 > 1.70 t table, so H0 rejected and H1 accepted. It can be concluded that there is Influence. Using  Learning  Model of Student Group Writing  Skills Travel Report of students of class V SDN 01 Nagari Bukik Sikumpa Subdistrict, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota.KeyWords: model pembelajaran round club, menulis laporan perjalanan.

Standardization of Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Literature Review and Geisinger Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1564-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Lin ◽  
Zongming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Validation

Context Immunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary technique in anatomic pathology laboratories. Standardization of every step in preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases is crucial to achieve reproducible and reliable immunohistochemistry test results. Objective To standardize immunohistochemistry tests from preanalytic, analytic, to postanalytic phases. Data Sources Literature review and Geisinger (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania) experience. Conclusions This review article delineates some critical points in preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases; reiterates some important questions, which may or may not have a consensus at this time; and updates the newly proposed guidelines on antibody validation from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center. Additionally, the article intends to share Geisinger's experience with (1) testing/optimizing a new antibody and troubleshooting; (2) interpreting and reporting immunohistochemistry assay results; (3) improving and implementing a total immunohistochemistry quality management program; and (4) developing best practices in immunohistochemistry.

Optimal Design of the Large-Diameter Spinning Torispherical Head

2012 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Shui Ping Sheng ◽  
Zeng Liang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
The Stability

Two important parameters of torispherical head that are (interior radius of spherical crown area) and r (interior radius of transition corner) have been optimized by the module of the large general-purpose finite-element software ANSYS, targeting the strength and stability of the head. This paper provides an optimized torispherical head, which improves the stability of the edge of the head with acceptable strength of the head. The procedure is generally applicable as a design tool for optimal design.

KUALITAS AUDIT DAN AUDIT TENURE

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Reygen Pramana Jati
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Earnings Benchmarks

Audit quality is determined by auditor’s competence to find misstatements in financial report and report the findings in the audit report that makes auditor’s independency strongly affect audit quality, in addition to auditor’s competency in performing their duties. Auditor’s independency is related to lengthy audit engagement with client. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of lengthy audit engagement to audit quality. Based on the literature review, the hypothesis proposed in this study is the length of the audit engagement negatively affects audit quality. This study uses earnings benchmarks as proxy of audit quality developed from Carey and Simnett (2006). To test the hypothesis, an empirical model was developed and tested with binary logistic regression technique. Empirical test results indicate a significant negative influence of lengthy audit engagements to audit quality. It means that lengthy audit engagement deteriorates audit quality, indicated by the failure to meet earnings benchmark. Keywords: Audit Tenure, Audit Quality, Earnings Benchmark

PERNIKAHAN LINTAS AGAMA; KAJIAN MUQARIN MENURUT QURAISH SHIHAB DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISHBAH DAN HAMKA DALAM TAFSIR AL-AZHAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Luthviyah Romziana
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Interfaith Marriage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Interfaith Marriages ◽  
Information Media ◽  
The Law

Interfaith marriages are familiar in people's lives. This is due to advances in information media or telecommunications among the public,  interfaith marriages are very easy to do. This is the root of the problem that will be discussed in the interpretation of al-Mishbah by Quraish Shihab and the interpretation of al-Azhar by HAMKA in al-Baqarah verse 221. This research is a literature review (library research) with the main source of al-Mishbah interpretation by Quraish Shihab and  al-Azhar interpretation by HAMKA. This research used  muqarin method, it's a method of comparison between the interpretation of al-Misbah and the interpretation of al-Azhar. The results of this study can be concluded that the law of interfaith marriage according to Quraish Shihab in the interpretation of al-Misbah is based on al-Baqarah verse 221, that prohibition of marriage between men or women who are Muslim and men or women who are other than Islam ( non-Muslims). The reason of those prohibition  marriage is differences in faith. Meanwhile, according to HAMKA in al-Azhar's interpretation, it is forbidden to marry polytheists, both women and men, as idol worshipers because they are not kafa`ah or sekufu.

scholarly journals COPIGMENTAÇÃO INTRA E INTERMOLECULAR DE ANTOCIANINAS: UMA REVISÃO

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LEILA D. FALCÃO ◽  
DENISE M. BARROS ◽  
CONY GAUCHE ◽  
MARILDE T. BORDIGNON LUIZ
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Stability

Este trabalho apresenta revisão de literatura sobre a reação de copigmentação intra e intermolecular e sua relevância na estabilização de antocianinas. Flavonóides não-antociânicos, alcalóides, aminoácidos e nucleosídios, entre outros, podem atuar como copigmentos de antocianinas. O aumento na estabilidade das antocianinas ocorre devido à proteção fornecida pelo copigmento frente à reação de hidratação do cátion flavilium. Estudos ainda são necessários para avaliar a estabilidade de antocianinas adicionadas de copigmentos em sistemas modelos de alimentos, visando aumentar o espectro de aplicação dessas como corantes em alimentos e bebidas. ANTHOCYANINS INTRA AND INTERMOLECULAR COPIGMENTATION: A REVIEW Abstract This research presents literature review about the reaction of intra and intermolecular copigmentation and its revealance in anthocyanins stabilization. Non-anthocyanic flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, nucleosides, and others, can act as anthocyanins copigments. The increase in the stability of anthocyanins occurs due to protection supplied by the copigment towards the hydratation reaction of colored flavylium cation. Studies to evaluate anthocyanins stabilization added of copigments in food models system are still necessary, aiming to enhance the application spectra as colorants in foods and beverages.

scholarly journals Analytical and Experimental Investigation of the Stability of the Rotor-Bearing System of a New Small Turbocharger

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Born
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Squeeze Film Dampers ◽  
Rotor Bearing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Bearing System

This paper presents an overview of the development of a reliable bearing system for a new line of small turbochargers where the bearing system has to be compatible with a new compressor and turbine design. The first part demonstrates how the increased weight of the turbine, due to a 40 % increase in flow capacity, influences the dynamic stability of the rotor-bearing system. The second part shows how stability can be improved by optimizing important floating ring parameters and by applying different bearing designs, such as profiled bore bearings supported on squeeze film dampers. Test results and stability analyses are included as well as the criteria which led to the decision to choose a squeeze film backed symmetrical 3-lobe bearing for this new turbocharger design.

Durability of BFRP and Hybrid FRP Sheets under Freeze-Thaw Cycling

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 3297-3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wei Shi ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Zhi Shen Wu ◽  
Gang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Better Than

Coupon tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical characteristics of basalt FRP (BFRP) sheet, basalt-carbon hybrid FRP sheets and the corresponding epoxy rein under the effect of freeze-thaw cycling. FRP sheets and epoxy rein coupons were subjected to up to 200 and 250 freeze-thaw cycles respectively. Test parameters included the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the types of FRP composites. Test results show that (1) BFRP sheet perform better than CFRP or GFRP sheets under high freeze-thaw cycles; (2) exposed hybrid FRP sheets not only show very little loss in mechanical properties, but also contribute to the stability of test data; (3) mechanical properties of rein epoxy decrease significantly with increasing freeze-thaw cycles.

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