scholarly journals SUSPENSIVE CIVIL REMEDIES FOR THE RIGHTS TO MEANS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION FROM UNFAIR COMPETITION: CIVIL-LAW RATIONALE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (41) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
A. Pekar
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Civil Remedies ◽  
Rights And Interests ◽  
Equivalent Property

The article presents an analysis of the concept and methods of civil protection of rights to the means of individualization. The study provided grounds to identify common features of liability and protection measures: aimed at their impact on the offender; aim to protect the rights and interests of the victim; can be implemented both voluntarily and compulsorily; directly enshrined in law; have a retrospective character; can be used alone or in combination. Distinctive features are also available. The following criteria are defined: the first criterion is the presence of non-equivalent property deprivations in civil liability; the second criterion: invariability of protection measures and variability of liability measures; the third criterion is the temporal (temporal) criterion; the fourth criterion for distinguishing between liability and protection measures are the forms of their implementation. Thus, the study provides grounds to identify common features of liability and protection measures: aimed at their impact on the offender; aimed at protecting the rights and interests of the victim. The study provided grounds to identify common features of liability and protection measures: aimed at their impact on the offender; aim to protect the rights and interests of the victim; can be implemented both voluntarily and compulsorily; directly enshrined in law; have a retrospective character; can be used alone or in combination. Distinctive features are also available. The following criteria are defined: the first criterion is the presence of non-equivalent property deprivation in civil liability; the second criterion: invariability of protection measures and variability of liability measures; the third criterion is the temporal (temporal) criterion; the fourth criterion for distinguishing between liability and protection measures are the forms of their implementation. Thus, the study provides grounds to identify common features of liability and protection measures: aimed at their impact on the offender; aimed at protecting the rights and interests of the victim.Key words: civil - legal protection of rights; means of individualization; intellectual property; unfair competition; measures of responsibility and protection.

scholarly journals A relação entre Direito e desastres: uma análise a partir da apelação cível nº 0026225-19.2005.8.19.0021 do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Silva e Souza ◽  
Victor Lucas Alvim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
State Court ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Third ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Janeiro State

A relação entre Direito e desastres: uma análise a partir da apelação cível nº 0026225-19.2005.8.19.0021 do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de JaneiroThe relation between law and disasters: an analysis from the civil appeal no. 0026225-19.2005.8.19.0021 of Rio de Janeiro State Court Carlos Eduardo Silva e Souza[1]Victor Lucas Alvim[2] RESUMO: O presente trabalho objetiva investigar a relação entre o Direito e os desastres, tendo, como parâmetro de análise, os termos do acórdão proferido na Apelação Cível nº 0025225-19.2005.8.19.0021, que foi prolatado pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A problemática central está focada na percepção da existência ou não de uma relação entre a aludida ciência e o mencionado fenômeno e qual as ilações que poderiam ser tiradas dessa constatação. Nesse sentido, o trabalho é construído em quatro partes. A primeira dedica a apresentar o caso em análise, de forma a viabilizar a compreensão do acórdão eleito para o início da investigação apresentada. A segunda, por sua vez, volta-se para verificar a proteção jurídica contra os desastres, focando-se a análise, sobretudo, na realidade jurídico-normativa da legislação brasileira. A terceira parte do trabalho dirige a atenção para a compreensão da tutela ambiental preventiva, a partir da gestão de riscos e perigos catastróficos. A quarta e última parte é dedicada para a compreensão da tutela ambiental reparadora e, de forma mais específica, para a responsabilidade civil em matéria catastrófica. A investigação valeu-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo ainda se servido do método de abordagem qualitativo de análise de dados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito. Desastre. Catástrofe. Ambiente. Responsabilidade Civil. ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the relation between law and disasters, having as analysis parameter the terms of the judgment delivered in the Civil Appeal No. 0025225-19.2005.8.19.0021, which was rendered by the Rio de Janeiro State Court. The main question is focused on the perception of whether or not there is a relation between the alluded science and the mentioned phenomenon, and what are the conclusions that could be drawn from this finding. In this sense, the work is constructed in four parts. The first is dedicated to present the case in question, in order to facilitate the understanding of the judgment elected to start the presented research. The second, in turn, turns to verify the legal protection against disasters, focusing the analysis, especially, on the legal-normative reality of the Brazilian Law. The third part of the work directs attention to the understanding of the preventive environmental protection based on risk and catastrophic dangers management. The fourth and final part is devoted to the understanding of restorative environmental protection and, more specifically, to the civil liability for catastrophic matter. The research drew on bibliographic and documentary research, and still drew on qualitative approach method of data analysis. KEYWORDS: Law. Disaster. Catastrophe. Environment. Civil liability.[1] Professor Adjunto na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – UFMT. Doutor em Direito pela Faculdade Autônoma de Direito de São Paulo – FADISP, 2014 e Mestre em Direito pela UFMT – Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Advogado.[2] Acadêmico de Direito (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT).

scholarly journals Problematika Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Di Bidang Merek Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menegah

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Zulfikri Toguan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Trademark Registration ◽  
The Government

Legal protection for a mark of a place or origin of MSMEs can be done by first registering the mark to obtain legal force. In this case the Office/Agency/Community Organization assists by facilitating MSMEs in terms of socialization and assistance for trademark registration. Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications provides improvements to previous laws, especially regarding preventive protection measures, namely registration procedures and registration fees. Brands produced by Indonesian MSMEs can help increase competitiveness in the development of new products. This research is normative or library research method, namely legal research carried out by reviewing and researching library materials in the form of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. This study concludes: First, the problems in the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of branding for MSME products are due to the understanding of MSME actors on brand rights is still low/shallow so that MSME actors do not register the brand of MSME products. Second, efforts to provide brand protection to the MSME industry are by registering MSME brands and the government makes it easy for MSME industry players to register trademarks.

scholarly journals PROTECTION OF THE AFRICAN LION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGIME

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Watts
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
African Lion ◽  
State Boundaries ◽  
African Lions

This article looks at the current international regime that pertains to the African lion, a species that needs adequate protection across its range (a range that does not adhere to state boundaries). This analysis comes at a time when threats such as habitat and prey loss, retaliatory killing, trophy hunting and trade, are all impacting the remaining populations of African lions. The species is in danger of rapid population decline and possible extinction in the near future. Two decades ago there was an abundance of African lions, roughly 100 000, on the continent. But at present there are less than 32 000, while some believe there to be as little as 15 000 left. This decline is mainly due to the threats noted above. African lions are currently listed as "vulnerable" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. This listing is being contested by commentators who believe that the species now requires an "endangered" status. African lion populations, and the threats to the species, extend across state boundaries. Therefore, international law is of particular importance in providing conservation and protection measures to the species. Creating conservation obligations at a global level allows for more uniform action, implementation and enforcement of legislation at regional and local levels. Therefore this article looks at each threat to African lion populations in detail and then assesses the international legal regime pertaining to each of these threats, and whether that regime is adequate. The Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance are but some of the international instruments that are analysed. This article outlines the arguments that the international legal framework is not acceptable for the protection of the species, and addresses both the positive and negative aspects of this regime. It is found that the international legal regime for the African lion is in fact not effective in achieving the protection and survival of the species. Some changes are recommended, and the best way forward through an international legal lens is outlined. The security and viability of the African lion is uncertain, and legal protection of the species needs to be clear to start ensuring their survival in the future. With the increase in threats to the species and African lions already regionally endangered in some parts of Africa, it is obvious that some legal changes need to be made to ensure greater protection of the African lion at an international level.

scholarly journals Human Rights Violation of Transgender People: A Critical Analysis on Bangladesh Perspective

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Puja Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Third Gender

Transgender people are discriminated based on their gender identity, especially, in the societies of South Asian countries. The legal recognition of this ‘third sex’ had to wait long in countries like India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. The human rights of these people are being violated in every sector although having been recognized as ‘citizens’ by their respective governments. Many countries have already started to let them get involved in different social and economic activities. In 2013, the Bangladesh government declared the status of the third gender to the transgender people of its territory. This recognition was aimed to protect all the human rights of the third gender enabling them to identify their gender as ‘Hijra’ in all government documents and passport. Section 27 of the Constitution of Bangladesh states that ‘All the citizens are equal before the law and are entitled to equal protection of law’. But the legal protection of the human rights of the newly recognized third gender is questionable till now. The Prevention of Oppression against Women and Children Act, 2000 describes the rights of only women and children. In Bangladesh, the transgender people are becoming rape victims everywhere but unlike women and children, their rape cases never get filed as the police officers do not even believe that anyone can rape these third genders. This social taboo and negligence are costing the sexual minorities their human rights like legal protection. Therefore, it has become important to address this issue to create social awareness which might induce the urgency to practice equal laws for every gender identity. In this paper, a critical analysis of the human rights of Bangladeshi transgendered people has been performed. Finally, the human rights condition of transgender people of Nepal and India is also discussed.

scholarly journals The partial waiver of the rights and partial invalidation of rights to the invention

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Petro Borovyk
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Patent Owner ◽  
The Third ◽  
Utility Models ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Registration ◽  
The Right

Borovyk P. The partial waiver of the rights and partial invalidation of rights to the invention. In view of changes in the Law of Ukraine «About protection of rights for inventions and utility models» introduced according to the Law No. 816-IX as of 21.07.2020, it is implied that a patent owner can waive rights provided by a state registration of an invention (utility model) fully or partially, and a court can render the rights for the invention (utility model) invalid fully or partially. The partial waiver of the rights or rendering the rights invalid causes a number of issues on a rather frequent basis, in particular, regarding a certain procedure of defining the entire scope of rights according to the patent and a portion of these rights. Since the scope of rights is defined by claims, the partial waiver of the rights or the partial rendering the rights invalid substantially represents a change of the scope of rights, which are defined by the claims as published. The patent may be granted for a group of inventions. In such case, the scope of rights shall be defined by the claims that comprise several independent claims. Here, the partial waiver of the rights for the invention may be carried out by waiving one or several independent claims at the discretion of the patent owner or by rendering one or several independent claims invalid by the court. Therewith, the scope of rights that is defined during conduction of an examination for another invention of the group of inventions, which are mentioned in a single protection document (patent), is not changed. The partial waiver or the partial rendering the rights for the invention invalid for the claims having one independent claim is a more problematic case. A key aspect of this problem is an influence of the proposed amendments of the claims onto the scope of rights for the invention and its correspondence with the requirements for granting a legal protection. More specifically, it is an establishment of a fact of reduction of the scope of rights when introducing the proposed amendments into the independent claim and examination of a new version of the independent claim for compliance with the requirements of patentability. An important aspect also lies in establishment of a balance of interests of the patent owner and third parties. The patent owner will receive a mechanism of implementation of the right for protection of allowable embodiments of the invention, while the third parties will receive a right for a legal certainty by means of an analysis of the scope of rights of the new version of the claims. The article discloses grounds for waiving the rights for the invention and the mechanism for implementation of the waiver under the legislation in force both for the case of the group of inventions and for the partial waiver or the partial rendering the rights for the invention invalid with the claims having one independent claim. Keywords: scope of rights, independent and dependent claims, amendment to claims, proceedings

scholarly journals LEGAL AXIOMS: APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Inna Zelenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article reflects the diversity of views on the concept of "legal axiom". It is clarified that there are lawyers who deny the existence of the concept of "axiom" in law. It is presented that some scholars identify legal axioms with legal customs in terms of content, formulation and existence, as well as methods of provision. It is revealed that legal axioms have common features and differences with legal presumptions. It is emphasized that the legal presumption and legal axiom are understood as true without evidence. It is considered that the difference between a legal presumption and a legal axiom lies in the difference of circumstances: they allow to consider them plausible; possibilities (impossibilities) of refutation; significance, content and form It is demonstrated that there are several approaches to the relationship of legal axioms with the principles of law. It has been found that the first group of scholars identify the principles of law and axioms. Attention is drawn to the fact that the second group of scholars notes that axioms are prerequisites for the principles of law. It is presented that the representatives of the third group distinguish between the concepts of principles of law and legal axioms. It has been shown that the complex interrelationships of principles and axioms are reflected in their dialectical unity, their ability to pass from one to another, and the disclosure of one phenomenon through another. It is noted that axioms are subject to change, so axioms and presumptions are closely interrelated and under certain conditions can replace each other. The definition of legal axioms has been further considered. Legal axioms are a multifaceted complex phenomenon of legal reality related to law, legal awareness and legal science. regularities, properties of special legal principles of law and serve to simplify legal regulation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE RIGHT TO THE ENVIRONMENT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akramosadat Kia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

Nature is one of the most important pillars of human life, which is why the environment has been considered in all historical periods. At first, contemporary international law seeks to protect the environment as part of international environmental law, but the inadequacy of this protection and the need to protect the environment for Nowadays's human beings and future generations, the link between the environment and human rights It was considered because legal protection of human rights could be a means to protect the environment. Hence, in the context of the third generation of human rights, a new right called "the right to the environment" was created in international human rights instruments, in which the environment was raised as a human right. This right is not only a reminder of the solidarity rights that are categorized in the third generation of human rights, but also necessary for the realization of many human rights, civil, political or economic, social and cultural rights. However, the exercise of this right requires a level of development which in turn provides for a greater degree of environmental degradation. Hence, the international community since the nineties has promoted the idea of sustainable development at all levels of national, regional and the international has put it on its agenda.

scholarly journals CYBERBULLYING AND PUBLIC POLICY: AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Berg
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Form

This article is a comment on Peta Spyrou’s article in this volume entitled ‘Civil Liability for Negligence: An Analysis of Cyberbullying Policies in South Australian Schools’. It considers three aspects of the problem: the first focuses on the implications of the fact that  cyberbullying is not a new form of social activity but is rather a new form of bullying; the second explores some of the possible policy and social responses to the problem; and the third draws from the insights of evolutionary economics and underlines the importance of respecting the rights of children both to be protected from bullying as well as to develop their identities.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONSUMEN TERHADAP PENARIKAN DAN PENYITAAN OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUCIA YANG TIDAK DIDAFTARKAN KREDITUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Fahmi Ali Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Legal Consequence ◽  
Legal Consequences

The facts on the ground are that there are often problems due to legal consequences due to the non-registration of fiduciary guarantees by financial institutions. This study aims to determine consumer legal protection measures when fiduciary collateral is not registered at the Fiduciary Registration Office. This study also aims to examine the legal consequences of the withdrawal and confiscation of fiduciary collateral objects that are not registered at the Fiducia Registration Office by PT. Suzuki Finance Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method with descriptive-analytical research specifications through a statutory approach. Based on this study, it is concluded that consumer dispute resolution can be pursued through the court or outside the court based on the decision of the disputing parties. One of the legal protections and obligations in using fiduciary guarantees for finance companies was the first issuance of PP No.21 of 2015, Permenkeu No. 130 / PMK.010 / 2012, and POJK 29/2014. The legal consequence of not registering the object of the fiduciary guarantee is that the fiduciary guarantee has not been born so that the legal consequences attached to the fiduciary guarantee do not apply.

Space Launchers

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Edmond Boulle
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Space Object ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
The Common ◽  
Legal Consequences

This chapter outlines certain core legal topics that arise in connection with the delivery of a separated payload into or beyond Earth orbit. The first part deals with some of the established approaches to procuring launch services, as well as some of the common features of launch service agreements that balance the interests of the launch service provider and its customer. The second part of the chapter looks at governmental authorization required to carry out a launch. While safety standards and success rates continually improve, launching a space object is still the riskiest part of most space missions and is therefore a carefully regulated aspect of space activity, with participants having to obtain prior authorization from a competent national authority. Finally, the third part explores some of the legal consequences in international law of launching a space object, including the maintenance of a register of space objects launched, and the burden of liability that is placed on “launching states.”

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