scholarly journals Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Performance and Thermoregulatory Responses of Commercial and Crossbred (Brazilian Piau Purebred Sires × Commercial Dams) Growing-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3303
Author(s):  
Vinícius Eduardo Moreira ◽  
Renata Veroneze ◽  
Alípio dos Reis Teixeira ◽  
Lorena Duarte Campos ◽  
Lais Fernanda Lopes Lino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

The study aimed at evaluating the effects of high ambient temperature (HT: 30 °C) on the thermoregulatory responses and performance of commercial and Piau crossbred (Brazilian Piau breed sires × commercial genotype dams) growing pigs. Commercial and Piau crossbred pigs were reared under thermoneutral (TN: 22 °C) or HT conditions during a 14-day experimental period. Feeding (daily) and animals (beginning and end) were weighted to obtain performance parameters. Skin and rectal temperatures, respiratory rate, and blood parameters were also measured. At the end of the trial (day 15), the animal’s backfat thickness (BF) and loin eye area (LEA) were measured. No interaction (p > 0.05) between the genetic group and ambient temperature was observed for any performance trait. Irrespective of ambient temperature, Piau crossbred pigs had a similar feed intake (ADFI, 2615 g/day, on average; p > 0.05), lower daily weight gain (ADG, −234 g/day; p < 0.01), and a higher feed conversion ratio (FCR, +0.675 g/g; p < 0.01). There was interaction (p = 0.01) between genotype and ambient temperature for the LEA that decreased significantly in response to HT in commercial pigs (−6.88 cm2) and did not differ in response to ambient temperature in Piau crossbred pigs (29.14 cm2, on average; p > 0.05). Piau crossbred pigs had greater BF (+7.2 mm; p < 0.01) than commercial pigs. Regardless of the genetic group, exposure of pigs to HT resulted in decreased ADFI (−372 g/day; p < 0.01), ADG (−185 g/day; p < 0.01), and a higher FCR (+0.48 g/g; p = 0.01). Ambient temperature did not affect lipid deposition. Pigs at HT had an increased respiratory rate (+38 bpm; p < 0.01) and a long-lasting increase in skin and rectal temperatures compared to TN pigs. Total concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were not affected by ambient temperature in commercial pigs, whereas Piau crossbred pigs kept at 30 °C had a transient decrease in both hormones at day 2 (p < 0.01). Serum cortisol concentrations were not affected (p > 0.05) by genotype nor ambient temperature. In summary, Piau crossbred pigs had lower efficiency using nutrients for growth in association with increased lipid deposition when compared to commercial pigs. In response to HT, commercial pigs had a decreased LEA, whereas no effect was observed for Piau crossbred pigs. Apart from that, commercial and Piau crossbred pigs had a similar magnitude of thermoregulatory responses activation in response to HT, evidencing their innate survival-oriented function.

Effect of high ambient temperature on protein and lipid deposition and energy utilization in growing pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Le Bellego ◽  
J. van Milgen ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feeding Level

AbstractThe effects of high ambient temperature (T) on protein (PD) and lipid deposition (LD) and energy utilization were studied on 36 Piétrain ✕ (Landrace ✕ Large White) barrows according to a factorial design including two temperatures (23ºC for thermoneutrality and 30ºC for the high temperature) and four feeding levels. One feeding level corresponded to the voluntary food intake (VFI) at each temperature. Expressed as proportion of VFI at 23ºC, the actual feeding levels were 1·00, 0·90, 0·80, 0·70 at 23ºC and 0·80, 0·73, 0·68 and 0·62 at 30ºC. Animals were offered a wheat, maize and soya-bean meal based diet containing 187 g crude protein per kg and 0·95 g ileal standardized digestible lysine per MJ of net energy. Pigs were housed individually and had free access to water. The experiment started at 24 kg live weight and animals were slaughtered at 65 kg live weight and their body composition was measured. Slaughter of nine control pigs at the beginning of the experiment allowed calculation of the composition of gain (nutrients and energy) according to the comparative slaughter technique. Reduction of metabolizable energy (ME) intake resulted in a reduced live-weight gain at each T: the maximum gain was 1052 g/ day in pigs offered food ad libitum at 23ºC and the minimum (760 g/day) at the lowest intake at 30ºC. Visceral organ mass was lower at 30ºC than at 23ºC but was not affected by feeding level within T. Growth responses were described as polynomial or broken-line functions of ME intake (linear-plateau for PD). Both the slope and the plateau were influenced by T. At 30ºC, PDmax (143 g/day) was reached at 22·8 MJ ME per day, while at 23ºC PDmax (165 g/day) was reached at 28·4 MJ ME per day. In both cases, PDmax was reached at 0·88 of VFI at this temperature. Also the marginal response of PD to ME intake before the breakpoint was affected by T (5·9 and 4·5 g PD per MJ ME at 23ºC and 30ºC, respectively). At identical high ME intake (e.g. 0·80 of VFI at 23ºC), PD was greater at 23ºC than at 30ºC. In contrast, severe food restriction reduced PD at thermoneutrality more than an identical food restriction obtained at high ambient T. The results indicate that heat stress has a direct negative effect on PD and affects the partitioning of energy gain between protein and fat deposition.

scholarly journals Performance of growing pigs fed diets containing cassava peels meal supplemented with three levels of roxazyme G2G enzyme

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Effiong ◽  
B.J. Harry
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

This research was designed to evaluate the performance of growing pigs fed diets containing cassava peel meal supplemented with three (3) levels of roxazymeG2 enzyme. Fresh cassava peels were gathered, thinly spread on a concrete floor to dry out and milled prior to proximate analysis and feed formulation. Five experimental diets were formulated. Diet one had maize as main energy source, while Diets 2 to 5 had 50% of maize replaced with cassava peel meal. Diets 3, 4 and 5 were further supplemented with roxazyme G2 non starch polysaccharide enzyme at 1g/kg, 1.5g/kg and 2g/kg, respectively. A total of thirty (30) cross bred growing pigs were selected and distributed into five (5) groups on weight equalization basis with six (6) animals per group. Each group was assigned to one of the five (5) experimental diets in a completely randomized design. The growth and economy of production were monitored throughout the 56-day duration of the trial. At the end of the feeding trial, 10 mLs of blood was collected from three animals on each treatment into sample bottles with EDTA for hematological analysis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance procedures. The results revealed that the three (3) levels of dietary enzyme supplementations did not significantly (P˃0.05) influenced the average daily feed intake but influenced the average daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly. Pigs on diets with 1.5 and 2g/kg enzyme supplementation had the highest average daily weight gain of 0.43kg while those on 2g/kg enzyme supplementation diet had the best FCR with value corresponding to 1.74. Dietary enzyme supplementation reduced (P

scholarly journals Phosphorus on performance, hematological, biochemical, and bone parameters of growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Euclydes Drews ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
João Luís Kill ◽  
Lucas Lemke Lorenzoni ◽  
Rafael Bozini Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of available phosphorus (AP) in the diet of growing pigs selected for lean deposition on the hematological, biochemical, and bone performance parameters. A total of 64 commercial hybrid pigs (32 castrated males and 32 females; mean initial weight: 23.31±2.4kg; age: 55-90 days) were used. Animals were distributed into a randomized block design with four treatments, eight replicates, and two animals (one male and one female) per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet and another three diets, which were obtained by supplementing the basal diet with dicalcium phosphate replacing the inert phosphate, resulting in four diets with 0.100, 0.180, 0.260, and 0.340% of available phosphorus. The levels of available phosphorus quadratically influenced the daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion, which increased up to the estimated levels 0.331; 0.330, and 0.302% of available phosphorus. Levels of phosphorus showed no influence on the hematological parameters, which remained within the reference values. Levels of available phosphorus increased linearly the ash and phosphorus contents in the metacarpal bone and decreased linearly the alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of available phosphorus (0.331 and 0.302%, corresponding to a daily intake of 5.73 and 5.18g d-1) provided respectively the best results for weight gain and feed conversion in pigs with high genetic potential, without change in hematological parameters.

Prediction of within-herd differences in total feed intake between growing pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
J. R. Brisbane
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Electronic feeders for measurement of individual feed intake in group-penned pigs have been available for many years, and have been used to measure and select breeding pigs for feed efficiency. The cost per feeder is usually too high to measure intake of all selection candidates in a nucleus herd over the whole grower-finisher period. If the feed intake of each candidate is measured over only part of the period, this would allow more pigs to be measured per feeder in a given time. This paper documents an analysis of test station data on Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc and crossbred pigs, estimating the accuracy of prediction of total feed intake based on intake measured over different parts of the grower-finisher period. Feed intake measured over only about 2 wk from 80 to 90 kg liveweight explained 50% of the variance in total feed intake from 30 to 100 kg liveweight, in a dataset independent from the one used to derive the parameters of the prediction. Of all possible periods spanning 10 kg of liveweight gain, this measurement period was the most accurate, and coincided with the period of maximum growth rate. It is concluded that total feed intake over the grower finisher period can be predicted with useful accuracy, using feed intake measured over a period of about 2 wk or 10 kg of liveweight gain from around 80 to 90 kg. The gain in accuracy achieved by measuring pigs over multiple periods (e.g., from 50 to 60 kg and from 80 to 90 kg) is much smaller than the initial benefit of recording over just 10 kg of gain. Key words: Swine, feed efficiency, feed conversion

scholarly journals Effects of fermented bamboo vinegar liquid on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal Escherichia coli concentration and ammonia emissions in growing pigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
S.T. Ahmed ◽  
H-S. Mun ◽  
S-B. Son ◽  
C-J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
E Coli

Fermented bamboo vinegar liquid (FBVL) was prepared through liquid fermentation of bamboo vinegar with multispecies probiotics, and its effect on growing pigs was investigated. A 42-day feeding trial with 84 growing pigs (28.0 ± 0.08 kg) was conducted to evaluate the effects of FBVL on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal Escherichia coli concentration and faecal ammonia emissions. Pigs were randomly distributed to one of four dietary treatments, namely control, CTC (0.003% chlortetracycline), FBVL 0.2%, and FBVL 0.4%. Overall, the final weight and daily weight gain of the pigs in the CTC group were higher than that of pigs in the control group. Dietary supplementation with 0.4% FBVL reduced the feed intake of growing pigs, whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower in the CTC supplemented group. The dry matter digestibility was higher in pigs fed CTC and 0.2% FBVL diets, and crude protein digestibility was improved in all treatment groups compared with control. The faecal E. coli numbers were reduced in response to CTC and 0.4% FBVL supplementation. Faecal ammonia emissions were reduced by dietary supplementation with CTC and FBVL at weeks 1, 2 and 3. In conclusion, dietary FBVL supplementation increased nutrient digestibility and reduced faecal E. coli population and ammonia emissions without negative effects on growth performance.Keywords: Chlortetracycline, digestibility, fermentation, probiotics, swine

scholarly journals Nutrient reduction in rations with phytase for growing pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Vânia Rodrigues ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Jeronimo Ávito Gonçalves de Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance, the energy and nutrient balance and economic viability of production of growing pigs fed diets with reduced levels and phytase. In experiment 1, 60 barrows and gilts (initial weight 25 ± 1.72 kg) were housed in a randomized block design with three diets, ten replicates and two animals per experimental unit (one male and one female). One of the diets was formulated with a reduced level with phytase and evaluated in comparison to a positive-control diet that was formulated according to the nutritional recommendations for animals of this breed, and a negative-control diet without phytase. The different diets did not affect feed intake, but the diet with phytase promoted better final weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion, although it did not differ from the positive control diet. In experiment 2, 27 barrows (initial weight 49 ± 3.67 kg) were housed in random blocks with three diets and nine replicates with experimental plot represented by one animal. The diets did not affect the balance of energy and nutrients but had a significant effect on the efficiency of utilization of calcium and phosphorus, which was the lowest in animals that received the positive-control diet. Economic viability improved when nutrients were reduced and phytase was added in the ration. The addition of phytase (500 ftu/kg) in rations formulated with nutritional levels reduced for growing swines improves rearing productivity and it is economical viable.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fishmeal by Insect Meal on Growth Performance, Blood Profiles and Economics of Growing Pigs in Kenya

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia ◽  
Tanga ◽  
Osuga ◽  
Alaru ◽  
Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White

Pig production is one of the fastest growing livestock sectors. Development of this sector is hampered by rapidly increasing costs of fishmeal (FM), which is a common protein source in animal feeds. Here, we explored the potential of substituting FM with black soldier fly larval meal (BSFLM) on growth and blood parameters of pigs as well as economic aspects. At weaning, 40 hybrid pigs, i.e., crossbreeds of purebred Large White and Landrace were randomly assigned to five iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic dietary treatments: Control (0% BSFLM and 100% FM (T0)), and FM replaced at 25% (T25), 50% (T50), 75% (T75) and 100% (T100) with BSFLM. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated for the whole trial. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters, the cost–benefit ratio (CBR) and return on investment (RoI) were evaluated. No significant effect of diet type was observed on feed intake and daily weight gain. Red or white blood cell indices did not differ among diets. Pigs fed T25, T75 and T100, had lower platelet counts compared to T0 and T50. Dietary inclusion of BSFLM did not affect blood total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein. CBR and RoI were similar for the various diets. In conclusion, BSFLM is a suitable and cost-effective alternative to fishmeal in feed for growing pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of a high-fibre diet on the feeding behaviour of fattening pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Kallabis ◽  
O. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Crude Fibre Content ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract. The natural behavioural repertoire of the pig includes extensive foraging behaviour and long feeding times. Customary feed for growing pigs does not meet these requirements, resulting in unsatisfied feeding motivation. This may lead to behavioural disorders and reduces animal welfare. Studies on sows showed that by enhancing crude fibre content in the feed, satiety can be improved and the feeding motivation reduced. In growing pigs, however, studies are lacking, although abnormal behaviours are widespread. Therefore, we investigated the feeding behaviour of 56 castrated male pigs, who received either a standard compound feed or a high fibre feed containing lignocellulosis. High fibre pigs feed less often but longer times than control pigs. The feeding rate of high fibre pigs is clearly reduced, resulting in lower feed intake. Due to the composition of the fibrous feed, energy intake is less and crude fibre intake higher in high fibre pigs. Those animals have lower daily weight gain than control pigs, the feed conversion, however, does not differ between diets. Our results indicate that fibrous feed increases satiety in growing pigs. Sufficient satiety reduces foraging and feeding motivation and related behavioural problems. High fibre feed is therefore suitable to improve the welfare of fattening pigs.

scholarly journals Bionutritional efficiency of crossbred beef cattle finished on feedlot andslaughtered at different body weights

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renius Mello ◽  
Augusto César de Queiroz ◽  
Marcelo Henrique de Faria ◽  
Douglas Sampaio Henrique ◽  
Fabiana Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Group Versus ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Red Angus

The objective of this study was to assess the bionutritional efficiency of crossbred F1 Red Angus × Nellore (½ RA ½ N) and F1 Blonde D'Aquitaine × Nellore (½ BA ½ N) young bulls finished on feedlot and slaughtered at 480, 520 and 560 kg body weight. A completely randomized experimental design in a 2 × 3 (genetic group × slaughter weight) factorial arrangement with six replicates was used. The ½ BA ½ N young bulls showed higher kidney, pelvic and inguinal fat (KPIF, kg and % BW) and lower multivariate biological nutritional index (MBNI) and residual feed intake than ½ RA ½ N young bulls. The young bulls slaughtered at heavier weight had larger ribeye area (cm²), fat thickness over the 12-13th rib, fat thickness over the rump, KPIF (kg and % BW), dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d), net energy intake (MJ/d) and metabolizable protein intake (g/d), and MBNI compared to young bulls slaughtered at lighter weight. Furthermore, the ½ BA ½ N young bulls slaughtered at 480 kg had lower feed conversion than the others. On the other hand, the average daily weight gain (kg/d), DMI (% BW and g/BW0.75), feed efficiency and Kleiber ratio did not differ between genetic group, slaughter weight and genetic group versus slaughter weight interaction. Therefore, crossbred F1 Blonde D'Aquitaine × Nellore young bulls and animals slaughtered at lighter weights are more bionutritionally efficient in the finishing phase on feedlot.

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