C2S2-LOOP: Circular Chessboard-Based Secure Source Location Privacy Model Using ECC-ALO in WSN

Source location privacy (SLP) is a serious issue in wireless sensor networks (WSN) since Eavesdroppers tries to determine the source location. Hunting Animals in Forest is considered as an example for SLP. Many conventional schemes have been proposed for SLP in WSN, namely, Random Walk Routing, and Fake Messages Transmission, which cause critical issues (less safety period, packet delivery latency, and high energy consumption). Furthermore, the security analysis is not properly investigated in any previous work. In this paper, we propose a new model called the circular chessboard-based secure source location privacy model (C2S2-LOOP) with the following tasks: key generation, network topology management (clustering), intercluster routing (travel plan), and data packets encryption. All sensor nodes are deployed in a circular chessboard (Circular Field) and the key generation ( P U K , S E K ) is invoked using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) with Ant Lion Optimization algorithm, which mitigate the issues of conventional ECC. Then, the network topology is managed using clustering where residual energy of the nodes is used for Cluster Head (CH) selection. Intercluster routing is implemented using packet traversing using clockwise and anticlockwise directions, which are mainly concerned with establishing a secure route between the source to the destination node. To ensure data security, we present the Chaotic Artificial Neural Network (C-ANN) in which encryption is executed. Assume that CH near to the source node has a high trust value, then it traverses (clock-wise) real packets towards sink node and similarly in the left side region (anticlockwise), fake packets are transmitted. Network simulations (OMNeT++) are evaluated and compared with the previous approaches, and finally, our proposed scheme concludes that it maintains not only source node location privacy (large safety period) and also reduces energy consumption by more than 40% and latency by more than 35%.

Nilai Bahaya Rip Current untuk Wisata Pantai di Pantai Pangandaran, Jawa Barat

Keselamatan para wisatawan adalah hal yang paling penting dalam mengelola kawasan wisata. Rip current merupakan bahaya yang signifikan bagi para pengunjung pantai dan telah memakan banyak korban di seluruh dunia. Riset ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai bahaya Rip Current serta mengidentifikasi waktu yang aman untuk wisata di Pantai Pangandaran, Jawa Barat. Pelaksanaan riset berlangsung dari bulan Januari – Mei 2020. Metode riset yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Pengolahan data dan penilaian bahaya rip current berdasarkan Rip Current Hazard Assessment Guide (RNLI-UK). Parameter yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah tinggi dan periode gelombang pecah, kecepatan jatuh sedimen, dan nilai tunggang pasut. Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa nilai bahaya rip current di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Barat Pangandaran, Jawa Barat sebesar 3 sampai dengan 4; yang dikategorikan ke dalam tingkat berbahaya sampai tingkat sangat berbahaya dengan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi adalah tinggi gelombang. Nilai bahaya rip current tertinggi (sangat berbahaya) berada di Bulan Juni hingga Oktober. Waktu yang dinilai relatif lebih aman untuk wisata berdasarkan hasil assesment nilai bahaya rip current adalah pada Bulan Januari, Februari, Maret, April, Mei, November serta Desember.The safety of tourists is the most important thing in tourism management. Rip current is a significant danger for beach visitors and has many casualties around the world. This research aims to get an index of Rip Current and identify the safety period for tourism in Pangandaran Beach. This research was conducted from January – May 2020. Methods of this research were using quantitative method. Processing data and getting an index for hazardous of Rip Current based on the Rip Current Hazard Assesment Guide (RNLI-UK). The parameters used in this research are height and period of the breaker wave, sediment fall velocity, and tide range. The result of this research are shown as an index of rip current’s hazardous 3 to 4; whereas 3 means hazardous and 4 as categorized very hazardous with the wave height as the most affecting factor. The safety periods for tourism based on the results of an index for hazardous occurs in January, February, March, April, May, November, and December.

Salient Safety Conditioning Improves Novel Discrimination Learning

Generalized fear is one purported mechanism of anxiety that is a target of clinical and basic research. Impaired fear discrimination has been primarily examined from the perspective of increased fear learning, rather than how learning about non-threatening stimuli affects fear discrimination. To address this question, we tested how three Safety Conditioning protocols with varied levels of salience allocated to the safety cue compared to classic Fear Conditioning in their impact on subsequent innate anxiety, and differential fear learning of new aversive and neutral cues. Using a high anxiety strain of mice (129SvEv, Taconic), we show that Fear Conditioned animals show little exploration of the anxiogenic center of an open field 24 hours later, and poor discrimination during new differential conditioning 7 days later. Three groups of mice underwent Safety Conditioning, (i) the safety tone was unpaired with a shock, (ii) the safety tone was unpaired with the shock and co-terminated with a house light signaling the end of the safety period, and (iii) the safety tone was unpaired with the shock and its beginning co-occurred with a house light, signaling the start of a safety period. Mice from all Safety Conditioning groups showed higher levels of open field exploration than the Fear Conditioned mice 24 hours after training. Furthermore, Safety Conditioned animals showed improved discrimination learning of a novel non-threat, with the Salient Beginning safety conditioned group performing best. These findings indicate that high anxiety animals benefit from salient safety training to improve exploration and discrimination of new non-threating stimuli.HighlightsSafety training using salient cues improves safety learning in high anxiety miceSalient Safety training improves novel fear discrimination learningSafety training improves exploration in a novel anxiogenic environment

0950 Effects of Sodium Oxybate (SXB) on Body Mass Index (BMI) in Pediatric Patients With Narcolepsy

Introduction Obesity is a common comorbidity of pediatric narcolepsy. SXB is a standard of care for cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. BMI decreases have been observed with SXB treatment. We examined BMI changes by BMI percentile category at study entry in pediatric participants. Methods Participants were aged 7-17 years with narcolepsy with cataplexy. SXB-naive participants were titrated to an optimal SXB dose, then entered a 2-week stable-dose period; participants taking SXB at study entry entered a 3-week stable-dose period. After a 2-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized-withdrawal period, all participants entered an open-label safety period (total study duration: ≤1 year). Weight categories were defined using BMI percentiles at study entry based on growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control. BMI percentile was categorized as: underweight (<5%ile), normal (≥5%ile to <85%ile), overweight (≥85%ile to<95%ile), obese (≥95%ile). Results Among SXB-naive participants, median (Q1, Q3) BMI percentile decreased with SXB treatment in participants who were categorized as normal-weight and overweight/obese at baseline (normal-weight, n=16: 76.5 [57.8, 82.4] at baseline, 35.0 [20.5, 62.6] at week 52; overweight/obese, n=35: 97.6 [93.6, 99.1] at baseline, 86.7 [72.5, 97.9] at week 52). Of participants who were normal-weight at baseline, 15/16 remained normal-weight at week 52. Of participants who were overweight at baseline, 9/10 were normal-weight at week 52. Of participants who were obese at baseline, 7/25 were normal-weight, 3/25 were overweight, and 15/25 remained obese at week 52. Among participants taking SXB at study entry, BMI percentile decreased, but to a lesser degree. Decreased weight or weight loss was reported as an adverse event in 13 participants (11 SXB-naive; 1 participant withdrew). Four participants became underweight during the study but returned to normal-weight by study end. Conclusion Decreases in BMI percentile and category were observed with SXB treatment in pediatric participants with narcolepsy. Support Jazz Pharmaceuticals

Pattern of dopamine signaling during aversive events predicts active avoidance learning

Learning to avoid aversive outcomes is an adaptive strategy to limit one’s future exposure to stressful events. However, there is considerable variance in active avoidance learning across a population. The mesolimbic dopamine system contributes to behaviors elicited by aversive stimuli, although it is unclear if the heterogeneity in active avoidance learning is explained by differences in dopamine transmission. Furthermore, it is not known how dopamine signals evolve throughout active avoidance learning. To address these questions, we performed voltammetry recordings of dopamine release in the ventral medial striatum throughout training on inescapable footshock and signaled active avoidance tasks. This approach revealed differences in the pattern of dopamine signaling during the aversive cue and the safety period that corresponded to subsequent task performance. Dopamine transmission throughout the footshock bout did not predict performance but rather was modulated by the prior stress exposure. Additionally, we demonstrate that dopamine encodes a safety prediction error signal, which illustrates that ventral medial striatal dopamine release conveys a learning signal during both appetitive and aversive conditions.

An Enhanced Source Location Privacy based on Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks (DeLP)

Wireless Sensor Network is a network of large number of nodes with limited power and computational capabilities. It has the potential of event monitoring in unattended locations where there is a chance of unauthorized access. The work that is presented here identifies and addresses the problem of eavesdropping in the exposed environment of the sensor network, which makes it easy for the adversary to trace the packets to find the originator source node, hence compromising the contextual privacy. Our scheme provides an enhanced three-level security system for source location privacy. The base station is at the center of square grid of four quadrants and it is surrounded by a ring of flooding nodes, which act as a first step in confusing the adversary. The fake node is deployed in the opposite quadrant of actual source and start reporting base station. The selection of phantom node using our algorithm in another quadrant provides the third level of confusion. The results show that Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks (DeLP) has reduced the energy utilization by 50% percent, increased the safety period by 26%, while providing a six times more packet delivery ratio along with a further 15% decrease in the packet delivery delay as compared to the tree-based scheme. It also provides 334% more safety period than the phantom routing, while it lags behind in other parameters due to the simplicity of phantom scheme. This work illustrates the privacy protection of the source node and the designed procedure may be useful in designing more robust algorithms for location privacy.

POLA PEMUKIMAN KOTA SIGLI

Sigli, the capital of Pidie region at Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province, situated on East Sumatera Broadway, on Malaka Strait side precisely, connecting the cities amongst Banda Aceh to Medan, strategic also as the capital province hinterland –which its growth was influented by history. Morphology studied aims to searching for beginning of Sigli organism, so that the existing meanings should be comprehensive by integrated with historical perspective back-ground. The research reveals that, around the evolutions, Sigli has fan shaped cities spatial expressed –which natural obstruction at north side by Malaka Strait so that the growth inclined to other directions. Its point out the Sigli embryo -in periodical growth- be an organism and take the evolution so forth, which classified in three periods, include Poli/Pedir Empire Period (1413-1873), Colonial Period (1874-1954) and Safety Period (1955 untill now). The classify to seem the comprehensive typological and morphological physical elements of urban form which categories; dominated functions (commercial, government, settlement and religy), building characters (style, age, block and infrastructure) and placement at territory of Sigli. Such research inventions are best described into the following sentences: 1) the function was transformed, it shows by evolution physical elements of Sigli about each periods; 2) typological of Sigli urban spatial is function and spatial physical units, evolved by specific character of dominant elements; 3) by morphological, the pattern of Sigli urban spatial forced by government and natural topography; 4) the affected factors is the geographic, transportation and functions as traditional trading city, spreading of Islam and Colonial resisted. The research recommends that next morphology study should explored the typology of Sigli urban form to future implementations.

Modelling the Performance of Occupational Safety and Health in a Tobacco Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria

This study aimed at the development of a mathematical model for the evaluation of profitability of safety and health programme in Tobacco industry in Nigeria. A cost function monetary savings/loss in terms of accidents and heath incidences preventions, was developed. Accidents and health incidences for both pre – safety period and safety programme period data were collected. Four classes of accidents were identified as fatal, serious, minor and trivial wounds with their costs determined as N2,455,750, N221,275,N26,780, and N2,000, respectively. Also, seven health incidences were identified as hearing issues, back pain/ache, leg pain/ache, chest pain/ache, neck pain/ache, eye issue and headache with their costs determined as N18,176, N22,987,N8,354, N17,296,N33,305,N14,432 andN12,842, respectively. Accident prevention programme had monetary savings of N40.1 million while about N9.7 million were lost on health incidences annually. The results showed that the safety programme performance indices range from 5.78% in 2002 to 78.92% in 2007.