The Gut Microbiome Modifies the Association between a Mediterranean Diet and Diabetes in US Hispanic / Latino Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong D Wang ◽  
Qibin Qi ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Mykhaylo Usyk ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

Abstract Context The interrelationships among the gut microbiome, the MedDiet and a clinical endpoint of diabetes is unknown. Objectives To identify gut microbial features of a MedDiet and examine whether the association between MedDiet and diabetes varies across individuals with different gut microbial profiles. Methods This study included 543 diabetes, 805 prediabetes and 394 normoglycemic participants from a cohort study of US Hispanic/Latino men and women. Fecal samples were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Adherence to MedDiet was evaluated by an index based on two 24-hour dietary recalls. Results A greater MedDiet adherence was associated with higher abundances of major dietary fiber metabolizers (e.g., Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii, FDR-adjusted p [q] =0.01), and lower abundances of biochemical specialists (e.g., Parabacteroides, q =0.04). The gut microbiomes of participants with greater MedDiet adherence were enriched for functions involved in dietary fiber degradation but depleted for those related to sulfur reduction and lactose and galactose degradation. The associations between MedDiet adherence and diabetes prevalence were significantly stronger among participants with depleted abundance of Prevotella (p  interaction =0.03 for diabetes, 0.02 for prediabetes/diabetes, and 0.02 for prediabetes). A one-standard deviation increment in the MedDiet index was associated with 24% [odds ratio (OR) =0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-0.98] and 7% (OR =0.93; 95% CI, 0.72-1.20) lower odds of diabetes in Prevotella non-carriers and carriers, respectively. Conclusions Adherence to MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between the MedDiet and diabetes prevalence varies significantly depending on gut microbial composition.

scholarly journals Effect of Pepper-Containing Diets on the Diversity and Composition of Gut Microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleny Garcia-Lozano ◽  
Joshua Haynes ◽  
Carlos Lopez-Ortiz ◽  
Purushothaman Natarajan ◽  
Yadira Peña-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

One of the greatest impacts on the gastrointestinal microbiome is diet because the host and microbiome share the same food source. In addition, the effect of diet can diverge depending on the host genotype. Diets supplemented with phytochemicals found in peppers might cause shifts in the microbiome. Thus, understanding how these interactions occur can reveal potential health implications associated with such changes. This study aims to explore the gut microbiome of different Drosophila genetic backgrounds and the effects of dietary pepper treatments on its composition and structure. We analyzed the gut microbiomes of three Drosophila melanogaster genetic backgrounds (Canton-S, Oregon-RC, and Berlin-K) reared on control and pepper-containing diets (bell, serrano, and habanero peppers). Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the variability of Drosophila gut microbiome can be driven mainly by genetic factors. When the abundance of these communities is considered, pepper-containing diets also appear to have an effect. The most relevant change in microbial composition was the increment of Lactobacillaceae and Acetobacteraceae abundance in the pepper-containing diets in comparison with the controls in Oregon-RC and Berlin-K. Regression analysis demonstrated that this enhancement was associated with the content of phenolic compounds and carotenoids of the peppers utilized in this study; specifically, to the concentration of β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, myricetin, quercetin, and apigenin.

scholarly journals Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jianqing Zhu ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Shuojia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Inference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome is affected by inter-sexual and inter-seasonal variation in diet for thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Góngora ◽  
Kyle H. Elliott ◽  
Lyle Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sulfur Isotopes ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Prey Specialization ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractThe role of the gut microbiome is increasingly being recognized by health scientists and veterinarians, yet its role in wild animals remains understudied. Variations in the gut microbiome could be the result of differential diets among individuals, such as variation between sexes, across seasons, or across reproductive stages. We evaluated the hypothesis that diet alters the avian gut microbiome using stable isotope analysis (SIA) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We present the first description of the thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) fecal microbiome. The murre microbiome was dominated by bacteria from the genus Catellicoccus, ubiquitous in the guts of many seabirds. Microbiome variation was explained by murre diet in terms of proportion of littoral carbon, trophic position, and sulfur isotopes, especially for the classes Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. We also observed differences in the abundance of bacterial genera such as Catellicoccus and Cetobacterium between sexes and reproductive stages. These results are in accordance with behavioural observations of changes in diet between sexes and across the reproductive season. We concluded that the observed variation in the gut microbiome may be caused by individual prey specialization and may also be reinforced by sexual and reproductive stage differences in diet.

scholarly journals Deciphering Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Corresponding Genetic and Metabolic Dysregulation in Psoriasis Patients Using Metagenomics Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiju Xiao ◽  
Guangzhong Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Jiang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xiaoxu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has shown that alterations in the intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The existing relevant studies focus on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, but in-depth research on gene functions and comprehensive identification of microbiota is lacking.ObjectivesTo comprehensively identify characteristic gut microbial compositions, genetic functions and relative metabolites of patients with psoriasis and to reveal the potential pathogenesis of psoriasis.MethodsDNA was extracted from the faecal microbiota of 30 psoriatic patients and 15 healthy subjects, and metagenomics sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, cluster of orthologous groups (COG) annotations, and metabolic analyses were used to indicate relative target genes and pathways to reveal the pathogenesis of psoriasis.ResultsCompared with healthy individuals, the gut microbiota of psoriasis patients displayed an alteration in microbial taxa distribution, but no significant difference in microbial diversity. A distinct gut microbial composition in patients with psoriasis was observed, with an increased abundance of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and genera Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas and Roseburia and a decreased abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria and genera Prevotella, Alistipes, and Eubacterium. A total of 134 COGs were predicted with functional analysis, and 15 KEGG pathways, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, WNT signaling, apoptosis, bacterial secretion system, and phosphotransferase system, were significantly enriched in psoriasis patients. Five metabolites, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), isovalerate, isobutyrate, hyaluronan and hemicellulose, were significantly dysregulated in the psoriatic cohort. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota, enriched pathways and dysregulated metabolites are relevant to immune and inflammatory response, apoptosis, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, gut-brain axis and brain-skin axis that play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.ConclusionsA clear dysbiosis was displayed in the gut microbiota profile, genetic functions and relative metabolites of psoriasis patients. This study is beneficial for further understanding the inflammatory pathogenesis of psoriasis and could be used to develop microbiome-based predictions and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Altered Fecal Metabolites and Colonic Glycerophospholipids Were Associated With Abnormal Composition of Gut Microbiota in a Depression Model of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Juncai Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Correlation Analysis Method ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been considered to play an important role in the development of depression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microbiota and the colon is considered an important site for the interaction between microbiota and host, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate the alterations in the colon. Accordingly, in this study, we established a chronic social defeated stress (CSDS) mice model of depression. We applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the gut microbial composition and gas and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy to identify fecal metabolites and colonic lipids, respectively. Meanwhile, we used Spearman’s correlation analysis method to evaluate the associations between the gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, colonic lipids, and behavioral index. In total, there were 20 bacterial taxa and 18 bacterial taxa significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the CSDS mice. Further, microbial functional prediction demonstrated a disturbance of lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism in the CSDS mice. We also found 20 differential fecal metabolites and 36 differential colonic lipids (in the category of glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids) in the CSDS mice. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that fecal metabolomic signature was associated with the alterations in the gut microbiota composition and colonic lipidomic profile. Of note, three lipids [PC(16:0/20:4), PG(22:6/22:6), and PI(18:0/20:3), all in the category of glycerophospholipids] were significantly associated with anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes in mice. Taken together, our results indicated that the gut microbiota might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression via influencing fecal metabolites and colonic glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Abstract 18: Gut Microbiome Modifies the Protective Effects of a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Against Diabetes Mellitus in US Hispanics/ Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Qibin Qi ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Mykhaylo Usyk ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Microbiome Composition

Introduction: Little is known about whether the effect of a healthy diet on diabetes mellitus (DM) is modified by the gut microbiome in human. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the gut microbiome modifies the inverse association between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and risk of DM. Methods: This study included 543 DM cases, 805 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 394 with normal glucose regulation (NGR) in adults 23-83yrs old from the HCHS/SOL. Fecal samples were profiled using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. We applied QIIME 2 to cluster sequences into OTUs and assign taxonomies, and PICRUSt to predict metagenomic gene functions. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated by a MedDiet index using the average of two 24-hr dietary recalls. We applied MaAsLin2 to quantify associations between the MedDiet index and microbial features with adjustment for confounding factors listed in the caption of Fig. 1. Results: MedDiet was associated with phylogenetically diverse, rare, and abundant gut microbes (Fig. 1a). For example, a higher MedDiet index was associated with a higher relative abundance of Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii [FDR-adjusted p (q) =0.002], but a lower relative abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens ( q =0.009). We found that several microbial functions related to plant-derived polysaccharide degradation such as fructuronate reductase ( q =0.02), and short-chain fatty acid fermentation such as butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase ( q =0.002) were enriched in participants with higher MedDiet index. We found that the inverse association between MedDiet and risk of DM was more pronounced in participants with greater abundance of Prevotella copri , but weaker in participants whose gut microbial communities were dominated by Bacteroides ( P interaction =0.02 for IGT/DM vs NGR, Fig. 1b). Conclusions: Adherence to the MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between MedDiet and risk of DM might be modified by gut microbiome composition. 1

scholarly journals Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis in Rats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Chang-Shun Liu ◽  
Xiao-Han Wei ◽  
Ting Xia ◽  
Fei-Long Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction (MFXD), a Chinese traditional herbal formulation, has been used to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) in China for centuries. However, the mechanism underlying its effect on AR is unclear. This study investigated the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of MFXD on AR. Ovalbumin-induced AR rat models were established, which were then treated with MFXD for 14 days. Symptom scores of AR were calculated. The structure of the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in rat stool and serum was determined by GC-MS. Inflammatory and immunological responses were assessed by histopathology, ELISA, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Our study demonstrated that MFXD reduced the symptom scores of AR and serum IgE and histamine levels. MFXD treatment restored the diversity of the gut microbiota: it increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. MFXD treatment also increased SCFA content, including that of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Additionally, MFXD administration downregulated the number of Th17 cells and the levels of the Th17-related cytokines IL-17 and RORγt. By contrast, there was an increase in the number of Treg cells and the levels of the Treg-related cytokines IL-10 and Foxp3. MFXD and butyrate increased the levels of ZO-1 in the colon. This study indicated MFXD exerts therapeutic effects against AR, possibly by regulating the gut microbial composition and Th17/Treg balance.

scholarly journals Correction: 16S rRNA gene sequencing and healthy reference ranges for 28 clinically relevant microbial taxa from the human gut microbiome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0212474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Almonacid ◽  
Laurens Kraal ◽  
Francisco J. Ossandon ◽  
Yelena V. Budovskaya ◽  
Juan Pablo Cardenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Alterations of gut microbiome in autoimmune hepatitis

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Wei ◽  
Yanmei Li ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Chunyan Sun ◽  
Qi Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Naïve

ObjectiveThe significance of the liver-microbiome axis has been increasingly recognised as a major modulator of autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to take advantage of a large well-defined corticosteroids treatment-naïve group of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) to rigorously characterise gut dysbiosis compared with healthy controls.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional study of individuals with AIH (n=91) and matched healthy controls (n=98) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An independent cohort of 28 patients and 34 controls was analysed to validate the results. All the patients were collected before corticosteroids therapy.ResultsThe gut microbiome of steroid treatment-naïve AIH was characterised with lower alpha-diversity (Shannon and observed operational taxonomic units, both p<0.01) and distinct overall microbial composition compared with healthy controls (p=0.002). Depletion of obligate anaerobes and expansion of potential pathobionts including Veillonella were associated with disease status. Of note, Veillonella dispar, the most strongly disease-associated taxa (p=8.85E–8), positively correlated with serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and liver inflammation. Furthermore, the combination of four patients with AIH-associated genera distinguished AIH from controls with an area under curves of approximately 0.8 in both exploration and validation cohorts. In addition, multiple predicted functional modules were altered in the AIH gut microbiome, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis as well as metabolism of amino acids that can be processed by bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites.ConclusionOur study establishes compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiome in AIH and suggests the potential for using gut microbiota as non-invasive biomarkers to assess disease activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Stilbenoids on Human Fecal Microbiota

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Jaimes ◽  
Veronika Jarosova ◽  
Ondrej Vesely ◽  
Chahrazed Mekadim ◽  
Jakub Mrazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Genus Clostridium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Dietary phenolics or polyphenols are mostly metabolized by the human gut microbiota. These metabolites appear to confer the beneficial health effects attributed to phenolics. Microbial composition affects the type of metabolites produced. Reciprocally, phenolics modulate microbial composition. Understanding this relationship could be used to positively impact health by phenolic supplementation and thus create favorable colonic conditions. This study explored the effect of six stilbenoids (batatasin III, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, pinostilbene, resveratrol, thunalbene) on the gut microbiota composition. Stilbenoids were anaerobically fermented with fecal bacteria from four donors, samples were collected at 0 and 24 h, and effects on the microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical tests identified affected microbes at three taxonomic levels. Observed microbial composition modulation by stilbenoids included a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, a decrease in the relative abundance of strains from the genus Clostridium, and effects on the family Lachnospiraceae. A frequently observed effect was a further decrease of the relative abundance when compared to the control. An opposite effect to the control was observed for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose relative abundance increased. Observed effects were more frequently attributed to resveratrol and piceatannol, followed by thunalbene and batatasin III.

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