CLINICO-ETIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF HYPONATREMIA AMONG ADMITTED PATIENTS AT DR. RADHA KRISHNAN GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL HAMIRPUR HIMACHAL PRADESH

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance encountered in hospitals. It is dened as serum concentration <135 meq/l. Various comorbidities predispose to the development of hyponatremia. Patient has symptoms of both hyponatremia as well as comorbidities. This contributes to increased morbidity and mortality .However early recognition and treatment makes prognosis better. Aim: To study clinical features of patients admitted with hyponatremia and investigate them to nd out various aetiologies. Methods And Material: Study was conducted at newly opened medical college at Hamirpur in Himachal Pradesh with limited facilities. A total of 50 patients with symptoms and documented hyponatremia were enrolled in study. Detailed history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations were done. Data thus collected was analysed. Results: Total number of patients was 50. Females were more as compared to males. Mean age of presentation was 67 years and lethargy ,nausea and vomiting were the most common symptoms. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common comorbidities. Among drugs diuretics were the most commonly used causing hyponatremia. Out of 50 patients 45 patients recovered and ve patients have to be referred because of comorbidities. Conclusions: Hyponatremia is a common problem and clinicians need to be aware of it mainly in the elderly patients. A systemic approach and simple diagnostic algorithm can signicantly improve the outcome in these patients. Treatment of hyponatremia is governed by levels of hyponatremia not by its etiology along with comorbid conditions.

Fear of Backlash Moderates Female Senior Executives' Communion (but Not Agency) as Compared to Female Lecturers

Today, many women work in occupational roles that had once been dominated by men (e.g., senior business executives). However, expectations on senior executives to be agentic (e.g., assertive, dominant) may conflict with prescriptive stereotypes about women to be communal (e.g., helpful, warm). According to this double-bind dilemma, female senior executives get criticized for lacking either agency or communion as both dimensions can be perceived as posing a tradeoff. We hypothesize that female senior executives report higher levels of agency and lower levels of communion than women in a more neutral role (e.g., lecturers) due to the perceived requirements of these occupational roles. In Study 1, N = 212 students rated adjectives on their desirability for men vs. women in Chinese society. They rated agentic characteristics as more desirable for men and communal characteristics as more desirable for women. Studies 2 and 3 used this material. Study 2 randomly assigned N = 207 female students to the role of a senior executive vs. lecturer. Study 3 was conducted with N = 202 female role occupants (96 senior executives, 106 lecturers). As expected, female senior executives reported higher levels of agency and lower levels of communion than female lecturers in both studies. Some women may be particularly aware of the above-mentioned double-bind dilemma and may be more worried about the potential backlash than others. They may attempt to reconcile occupational demands (i.e., higher agency, lower communion) with prescriptive gender stereotypes (i.e., lower agency, higher communion). We, therefore, explored whether fear of backlash attenuates the effect of the type of role of women (senior executives vs. lecturers) on agency and communion. Indeed, we found that senior executives who were particularly worried about backlash reported almost as much communion as lecturers did. In contrast, senior executives consistently reported higher levels of agency than lecturers regardless of their fear of backlash. The present study documents prescriptive gender stereotypes in China, how women differ as a function of their occupational roles, and how fear of backlash may motivate female senior executives to reconcile having high levels of both agency and communion.

HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE USING PURIFIED FLY ASH

For the shelter requirements of widely spreading population civil industry also spreading enormously. With different and advanced construction techniques numbers of materials used in this construction procedure are also developed and used in general practice. Cement is base product for every type of construction. It is made from natural material with special factory procedure. This cement or cementitious material has strength up to 53 MPa. But while practicing higher grade concretes which has strength more than 65 MPa we have to use some special processed material mixture with cement. During this material study we have to use material purified fly ash. This fly ash possess some good qualities like extra silica percentage, more fine and better surface area. So it is better option than factory waste fly ash and silica fume to achieve desired strength of concrete. With different trial mixes we can use it in general practice.

TELAAH PROSES SUKSESI KHILAFAH PADA MATERI SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM MASA KHULAFAURRASYIDIN KELAS X MADRASAH ALIYAH

Learn history can help someone to determine several options that will be made, how to act, and also to know all of the factor failure as well as the success in the past. So that's why material of history must be explained comprehensively in order to the wisdom that have taken by it is historical episodes would be implemented for students. Material study in this discussion is succession process of khilafah on the material history of Islamic development class X at senior high school. It turns out found that no standard system or procedure in the Islamic government. Proven by processes selecting leaders of Islam society in the Khulafaurrasyidin periods, almost all of them implementing different systems. There are similar aspects on the Khulafaurrasyidin systems includes candidates inauguration assessed by criterias of seniority, pieties, most can be keep integrity and entity of Islam societies. Ijtihad space given in Islam to implement government structure based on the people's wishes. That matter occurs cause of no postulate found about state concept.

Florentine papyri under examination: the material study of the inks used at the beginning of the Common Era in the “Family of Kôm Kâssûm” Archive (Hermopolis)

Carbon inks with metallic admixtures are found on some papyri of the 2nd century CE from a family archive in Hermopolis. The great diversity of inks found in a single household within a short period of time suggests that inks were purchased rather than self-made.

At the Core of the Workshop: Novel Aspects of the Use of Blue Smalt in Two Paintings by Cristóbal de Villalpando

During the seventeenth century, the use of smalt and indigo became increasingly common among painters’ workshops in New Spain. The unprecedented importance of these two blue pigments in oil painting may be explained by artistic and geopolitical circumstances. This article expands on the use of blue smalt—a byproduct of glass production and a material that lacks in-depth study in viceregal painting—by focusing on the technical analysis of El Triunfo de la Eucaristía and La Asunción painted by Cristóbal de Villalpando (ca. 1649–1714), which are part of the collection of the Museo Regional de Guadalajara (Mexico). The technological and material study of both paintings, situated within the trade and circulation of painting materials at the turn of the eighteenth century, shows how the painter deployed techniques rooted in his predecessors while incorporating particular technical adaptations. The authors examine cross-section samples of Villalpando’s paintings with optical microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and were able to identify different qualities of smalt as well to suggest a possible provenance. These analyses evidence novel aspects in the painting tradition of workshops in New Spain that ultimately reverberated in practices of the long eighteenth century.