Possibilities of natural and preformed therapeutic factors of the altai region in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases

A comprehensive examination and health improvement of 40 patients has been performed using therapeutic physical factors of the sanatorium «Belokurikha», JSC «Belokurikha Resort». High incidence of overweight, hereditary burden of cardiovascular diseases, hyperglycemia, low physical activity, dyslipidemia and atherogenic cholesterol fraction has been revealed. At the same time, 60 % of the examined patients had combination of 3–4 risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, most often obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia. It is established that appointment of pathogenetically based treatment complex, including physical therapy, manual massage, general mineral baths, peloidotherapy, Nordic walking, therapy with elastic pseudo-boiling layer has signifi cant anti-infl ammatory and hypolipidemic eff ects, helps to reduce the severity of endogenous intoxication, and to increase adaptive potential.

Public health significance of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Recently, mortality and morbidity from CVD have shown a trend in its occurrence in earlier years, while these diseases have been associated with older age until recently. In developed countries, mortality from diseases caused by atherosclerosis has decreased over the last 50 years. However, such a trend is not reflected in both underdeveloped and developing countries where mortality remains high. Risk factors have been identified and their control can influence the reduction in morbidity and mortality from CVD associated with atherosclerosis. Among these, the so-called variable risk factors are the following: increased concentration of LDL cholesterol fraction (LDL) and/or decreased concentration of HDL cholesterol fraction (HDL), hypertension, cigarette consumption, diabetes mellitus/metabolic syndrome, improper diet, while genetic predisposition is still considered to be an invariable risk factor. In order to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis, the World Health Organization recommends a two-pronged approach that includes public health interventions to reduce population risk factors and medical interventions for individuals at high risk with stricter surveillance of risk factors. Examples of multisectoral public health interventions include increasing taxes on cigarettes and alcohol, followed by a massive campaign to promote physical activities and healthy diet, that is to promote healthy lifestyles.

Regulating lipid composition rationalizes acyl-tail saturation homeostasis in ectotherms

ABSTRACTCell membranes mainly consist of lipid bilayers with an actively regulated composition. The underlying processes are still poorly understood, in particular how the hundreds of components are controlled. Surprisingly, in recent experiments on ectotherms, the cholesterol fraction, along with un- and mono-saturated acyl tail fractions and demixing temperatures, was shown to increase with body temperature. We establish a model based on chemical reaction networks to study regulation of membranes, resulting in multiple semi-grand canonical ensembles. By running computer simulations, we show that higher cholesterol fractions correlate with lower degrees of unsaturation, ultimately controlling the composition of lipid tails. Cholesterol also dictates membrane viscosity and regulation of the latter implies that cholesterol must increase with temperature. Overall, our model proposes a different picture of lipid regulation, where components can be passively, instead of actively, regulated.SIGNIFICANCEIn this article, we propose a regulation model where only some of the components are actively regulated between membranes, while others are naturally balanced by chemical potentials. This model provides a rationale to recently measured puzzling trends in ectotherms, that is, increased plasma membrane cholesterol fraction with temperature. Here, we show that it is directly correlated with with acyl tail saturation and order parameter correlation length. Furthermore, we highlight the relation between cholesterol and membrane viscosity.

Atorvastatin Inhibited ROS Generation and Increased IL-1β And IL-6 Release by Mononuclear Cells from Diabetic Patients

Background: Atorvastatin (ATV) inhibits the conversion of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate formation and promotes lowering of the LDL cholesterol fraction. However, ATV exhibits pleiotropic metabolic actions beyond cholesterol-lowering properties. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of ATV on oxidizing species generation and cytokine secretion in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMNC) of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in comparison to healthy control. Methods: Both NADPH-oxidase-dependent and mitochondrial ROS generation were assessed by chemoluminescence luminol-dependent assay and fluorometric experiment, using Dichlorofluorescein Assay (DCFH-DA), respectively. IL-1β and IL-6 were quantified by classical ELISA. Results: ATV inhibited NADPH-oxidase dependent ROS generation, but showed no effect on mitochondrial ROS generation and activated IL-1β and IL-6 secretions in PBMNC from control and T2DM patients. ROS generation and cytokine secretion in the presence of an inhibitor of Protein Kinase Cβ (iPKCβ) and ATV led to similar results. The secretion of IL-1β, PDB-induced in the presence of iPKCβ, but not ATV, was increased. ATV and iPKCβ exacerbated PDB-induced IL-6 secretion. LPS activated the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 which was potentiated by ATV. Conclusion: ATV inhibited ROS generation and activated IL-1 β/IL-6 secretion in PBMNC of diabetes patients. Its effect was not affected by the hyperglymemia.

IMPACT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK GENES POLYMORPHISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS IN PERSONS EXPOSED TO VINYL CHLORIDE

Introduction. Xenobiotics having the ability to change the gene expression level, the degree of which depends on the genotype include vinyl chloride (VС). Its impact causes changes in lipid metabolism proatherogenic IN character. Material and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted In 120 males contacting with VС (mean age - 46.9±0.9 years; mean experience - 17.8±0.9 years). Lipid metabolism indices were studied; the results were compared with reference values. There were evaluated the genotypes of apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) C3238G rs5128, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Leu28Pro rs769452 and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Ser447Ter rs328. The significance of intergroup differences and correspondence of genotype frequencies to the Hardy - Weinberg law were assessed by the criterion χ2. Association of alleles or genotypes with a predisposition to disorders was assessed by odds ratio (OR). Results. In workers exposed to VC, there was an increase of the concentration of proatherogenic cholesterol fraction associated with carriage of genotype G/G polymorphic variant of the gene С3238G АРОС3, protective effect against this violation has each variant allele of a polymorphic variant of the gene LPL Ser447Ter. Carriers of any variant allele C/G or G/G polymorphic variant of the gene С3238G АРОС3 increases the likelihood of violations the antiatherogenic cholesterol fraction level, and any of the variant alleles T/C or C/C polymorphic variant of the gene Leu28Pro ApoE - reduces it. Probability of an increase the triglycerides level is elevated in the presence of both alleles of polymorphic gene variant of a gene С3238G АРОС3 and decreases - in the case of carriers of both polymorphic alleles of the gene variant Leu28Pro АроЕ. The presence of any variant allele of this polymorphic variant is significant in individuals with elevated total cholesterol. Conclusion. In terms of exposure to VC the probability of development of disorders of lipid metabolism-associated with genes rs5128 and rs769452. The gene rs328 has a protective effect.

The lipid phase preference of the adenosine A2A receptor depends on its ligand binding state

As cholesterol fraction increases, ligand-bound receptor occupies more vesicle surface area, demonstrating co-localization with the cholesterol-rich phase.

Blood Immunological and Biochemical Indicators in Turkey Hens Fed Diets With a Different Content of the Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica

The aim of this study was to determine immunological and biochemical blood indicators of turkey hens administered feed mixtures with 3 or 6% of Yarrowia lipolytica strain yeast as a dietary nutrient. The experiment was carried out on 240 turkey hens, aged from 1 to 16 weeks. The hens were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups of 80 birds. Group I served as a control (K) and did not receive any experimental compounds. The turkey hens from experimental groups (YL3, YL6) were administered dried Yarrowia lipolytica yeast in two doses: 3% (YL3) and 6% (YL6) in feed mixtures. The study showed that the addition of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast in a dose of 3% but mainly in a dose of 6% stimulated the body’s immune defence mechanisms, which was evidenced by the increase in plasma lysozyme, % KF, IF, and reduction of monocyte ratio H/L in turkey hens. The advantage of using Yarrowia lipolytica in the nutrition of turkey hens was also a decrease in the content of blood indicators of lipid peroxidation such as CHOL, TG and LDL-cholesterol fraction, and an increase in the percentage of HDL-cholesterol fraction. The use of yeast component in the feeding of turkey hens affected the health status of birds and contributed to proper (not deviating from the reference values) biochemical indicators of metabolism.

Is there a relationship between lipids metabolism and splenic surgeries?

PURPOSE: To assess the influence of spleen surgeries (splenectomy, presence of spleen and after conservative surgeries) on lipids metabolism. METHODS: Fifty female Wistar rats of similar weight and age were divided into five groups submitted to the following procedures: Group 1 - control, with an intact spleen; Group 2 - sham operation, Group 3 - total splenectomy; Group 4 - subtotal splenectomy, and Group 5 - total splenectomy complemented with autogenous spleen tissue implants. Four months after the interventions, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions (VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were determined. The results for the four groups were compared by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer test, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups 1, 2, 4 and 5. In the animals submitted to total splenectomy, total cholesterol (p=0.0151) and LDL-cholesterol fraction concentrations (p<0.0001) were higher, whereas HDL-cholesterol fraction concentrations were lower (p=0.0026) than those detected in the other groups. There was no difference in triglycerides (p=0.1571) or VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.2527) between groups. CONCLUSION: Splenectomy is related to changes in the lipid metabolism that are reverted by autogenous spleen tissue implants.

Orally administered [14C]DPA and [14C]DHA are metabolised differently to [14C]EPA in rats

Previous studies have revealed that C20 PUFA are significantly less oxidised to CO2 in whole-body studies compared with SFA, MUFA and C18 PUFA. The present study determined the extent to which three long-chain PUFA, namely 20 : 5n-3 EPA, 22 : 5n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and 22 : 6n-3 DHA, were catabolised to CO2 or, conversely, incorporated into tissue lipids. Rats were administered a single oral dose of 2·5 μCi [1-14C]DPA, [1-14C]EPA, [1-14C]DHA or [1-14C]oleic acid (18 : 1n-9; OA), and were placed in a metabolism chamber for 6 h where exhaled 14CO2 was trapped and counted for radioactivity. Rats were euthanised after 24 h and tissues were removed for analysis of radioactivity in tissue lipids. The results showed that DPA and DHA were catabolised to CO2 significantly less compared with EPA and OA (P< 0·05). The phospholipid (PL) fraction was the most labelled for all three n-3 PUFA compared with OA in all tissues, and there was no difference between C20 and C22 n-3 PUFA in the proportion of label in the PL fraction. The DHA and DPA groups showed significantly more label than the EPA group in both skeletal muscle and heart. In the brain and heart tissue, there was significantly less label in the cholesterol fraction from the C22 n-3 PUFA group compared with the C20 n-3 PUFA group. The higher incorporation of DHA and DPA into the heart and skeletal muscle, compared with EPA, suggests that these C22 n-3 PUFA might play an important role in these tissues.

Lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-I and oxidative stress in professional footballers, sedentary individuals, and their relatives

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether lipid profile (LP), apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-I) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have any relationship with physical exercise by comparing the groups of footballers (FG) with sedentary individuals (CG) and their relatives (RFG and RCG). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty individuals from FG and CG, 60 from RFG, and 57 from RCG were studied. RESULTS: FG showed lower levels of total cholesterol (119.5 ± 37.9 mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol fraction (53.6 ± 30.3), apo A-I (116.7 ± 11.9), and higher level of HDL-cholesterol fraction (HDLc) (49.7 ± 8.5) compared to RFG (148.3 ± 36.9, P = 0.02; 82.4 ± 37.7, P < 0.01; 124.6 ± 10.2, P = 0.03; and 42.7 ± 7.7, P < 0.01; respectively). Moreover, FG had reduced levels of MDA (101.0 ± 77.0 ng/mL) compared to CG (290.0 ± 341.0, P = 0.03) and RFG (209.9 ± 197.5, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an association between physical exercise and lower levels of MDA in FG. Physical activity seems to promote beneficial effects on the LP regardless of the genetic influence considering HDLc levels.