scholarly journals Suspect and positive cases of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Croatia from 2017 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Reil ◽  
Silvio Špičić ◽  
Gordan Kompes ◽  
Boris Habrun ◽  
Tihana Miškić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Certification Programme ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Veterinary Institute

During regular implementation of the bovine tuberculosis-free cattle herd certification programme in the period from 2017 to 2020, the Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases of Croatian veterinary institute Zagreb, Croatia tested material from 161 cattle from 27 holdings in 11 counties. The material was submitted following findings of pathoanatomical changes detected in the slaughter line suggesting tuberculosis, or after a positive reaction of cows to the tuberculin comparative methods. Species from the M. tuberculosis complex (M. bovis and M. caprae) were isolated from samples of 58 bovines (36%) from 16 holdings in eight counties. M. caprae was confirmed in 55 bovines (34%) originating from 13 holdings in seven counties, and M. bovis in three bovines (2%), each from a different holding in a different county. Saprophytic mycobacteria were isolated from four bovine samples (2.5%) from three holdings in two counties, i.e., M. gordonae (1), M. celatum (1) and two unidentified species (M. sp.). Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Croatia is M. caprae, which confirmed previous findings. Control of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Croatia is still needed and, in the future, should be further suppressed using tuberculinisation, controls on slaughter lines, depopulation of infected herds, and etiological determination of the causative agents.

scholarly journals Using bacterial preparations of pasteurellosis infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
A. M. Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Systematic Control ◽  
Bacterial Preparations ◽  
Active Substances

The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs without control may lead to the development of numerous complications and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs should be controlled on farms. Owing to this the monitoring and determination of sensitivity of bacterial diseases agents to antimicrobial drugs are very important. Results of pasterella, of salmonellas’ and kolibakterias’ monitoring in farms of Azerbaijan are introduced in the article. Microbiological monitoring of a number of farms in Azerbaijan has shown that agents of bacterial diseases’ are widely spread. Between the isolated pasterella agent largest number were accounted for Salmonella (54.1%) and the Escherichia (30.8 per cent). The rest (15.1%) were isolated cultures of Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Campylobacteria, Enterobacteria, and Clostridia Citrobacter. This indicates that systematic control over the availability of the causative agents of bacterial infections in all critical points of farms is very necessary. Among isolates that were isolated from ill calves and objects, differences in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents from active substances that officially have registered in our country were discovered. Bactericidal activity of relatively isolated cultures was showed by oxitetraciklin, colistin, ftorfenicol, zeftiocur, doxicyclin, enroxil and sarafloxacin.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF SOME INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN STRAY DOGS IN THE WIDER TERRITORY OF LESKOVAC CITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Marija Manić ◽  
Nataša Prokić ◽  
Katarina Gojković ◽  
Goran Đorić ◽  
Ana Vasić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Republic

Since the last decade, stray dogs have been signifi cant ecological, economical and sociological problem in the world as well as in the Republic of Serbia. They occupy specifi c place in the ecology of big cities and their contact with human population represents danger since they are carriers of many zoonotic infectious diseases. The goal of this paper is to present epizootiological survey on some diseases of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin through serological investigation of blood sera and full blood. The prevalence of leptospirosis, Tularaemia, West Nile fever and dirofi lariosis has been determined in this research. The material included full blood and blood sera of stray dogs in the wider territory of Leskovac city. The research methods encompassed standard serological tests: microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for determination of specific antibodies against Leptospira spp.; slow and fast agglutination test for determination of antibodies against Tularaemia causative agent (Francisella tularensis); agar gel immunodiff usion (AGID) for detection of specific antibodies against West Nile virus–WNV; modifi ed Knot’s test for the detection of microfilaria. The results revealed seropositivity for causative agents of Leptospirosis, Tularaemia and dirofi lariosis, while there were no positive findings for WNV.

Peculiarities of the course of bacterial diseases of rainbow trut in industrial farms of North-West Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Tamara Alexeyevna Nechaeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
High Water ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
North West ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Growing Conditions

Currently, in the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia, trout farming is carried out mainly in cage farms, and in recent years, small closed water supply units (RAS) are gaining popularity and are actively used. In the first years of operation, outbreaks of serious infectious diseases occurring in the form of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia, as well as toxicosis, were observed in such installations. In cage farms, a joint course of bacterial and parasitic diseases is possible. In the course of the work, 11 cage farms in the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia were surveyed, as well as 4 RAS in the Gatchinsky and Luga Districts of the Leningrad Region. The manifestation of aeromonas bacterial and infection and trienophorosis in the cage farm was associated with the growing conditions — high water temperatures, lack of feeding, and the presence of a formed focus of invasion in the water source. In the spring-summer and summer-autumn periods in cage farms, the manifestation of myxobacteriosis caused by Flavobacterium psychrichila is possible. In summer, the danger is a bacterial infection proceeding as a bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia (pathogens — Yersenia ruckeri and Flexibacter columnaris). In autumn, outbreaks of pseudomonosis are possible in cage farms. The causative agent is Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, it is also possible to find Pseudomonas putida, which is more characteristic of cyprinids. In the RAS, the death of fish was caused by mixed infections. The causative agents are Yersenia ruckeri and Carnobacterium piscicola; bacteria of the genera Flavobacterium and Aeromonas. Such a complex of aeromonads with flavobacteria is characterized by increased aggressiveness and can cause a serious septic infection. Timely measures taken, including the normalization of housing and feeding conditions, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic measures, made it possible to suppress the development of infections, toxicosis and improve the condition of fish on these farms.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

HADIS KURAIB DALAM KONSEP RUKYATUL HILAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslih Husein
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Moon ◽  
The Republic

Hisab dan rukyat, hakikatnya, adalah cara untuk mengetahui pergantian bulan. Kajian ini memperlihatkan beberapa temuan. Pertama, korelasi antara hadis Kuraib dan terjadinya perbedaan penetapan awal Ramadan, Syawal, dan Dzul Hijjah di Indonesia. Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia telah menetapkan bahwa Indonesia secara keseluruhan menjadi satu wilayah hukum (wilayatul hukmi). Kedua, tentang keberhasilan rukyat al-hilal di satu kawasan yang diberlakukan bagi kawasan lain di muka bumi. Perlu diketahui bersama bahwa visibilitas pertama hilal tidak meliputi seluruh muka bumi pada hari yang sama, melainkan membelahnya menjadi dua bagian: (1) bagian sebelah Barat yang dapat melihat hilal dan (2) bagian sebelah Timur yang tidak dapat melihat hilal.Hisab and rukyat is a way to know the turn of the month. This study shows several findings. First is the correlation between Kuraib traditions and differences in the determination of the beginning of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhul-Hijjah in Indonesia. Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia has stated that Indonesia as a whole into a single jurisdiction (wilayatul hukmi). Second, on the success rukyat alhilal in one area that applied to other regions of earth. Important to know that the first visibility of the new moon does not cover the entire face of the earth on the same day, but splitting it into two parts: (1) part of the West to see the new moon, and (2) part of the East were not able to see the new moon.

scholarly journals Differential Laboratory Diagnosis of Acute Fever in Guinea: Preparedness for the Threat of Hemorrhagic Fevers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6022
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Dedkov ◽  
N’Faly Magassouba ◽  
Olga A. Stukolova ◽  
Victoria A. Savina ◽  
Jakob Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Pathognomonic Sign

Acute febrile illnesses occur frequently in Guinea. Acute fever itself is not a unique, hallmark indication (pathognomonic sign) of any one illness or disease. In the infectious disease context, fever’s underlying cause can be a wide range of viral or bacterial pathogens, including the Ebola virus. In this study, molecular and serological methods were used to analyze samples from patients hospitalized with acute febrile illness in various regions of Guinea. This analysis was undertaken with the goal of accomplishing differential diagnosis (determination of causative pathogen) in such cases. As a result, a number of pathogens, both viral and bacterial, were identified in Guinea as causative agents behind acute febrile illness. In approximately 60% of the studied samples, however, a definitive determination could not be made.

Determination of integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodating the evacuated population in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 154851292097028
Author(s):  
Yernar Zh Akimbayev ◽  
Zhumabek Kh Akhmetov ◽  
Murat S Kuanyshbaev ◽  
Arman T Abdykalykov ◽  
Rashid V Ibrayev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

Studying the historical facts of past wars and armed conflicts and natural and man-made emergencies, today in the Republic of Kazakhstan one of the most important security issues is the preparation and organization of the evacuation of the population from possible dangerous zones, taking into account the emergence of new threats to the country’s security. The paper presents an algorithm for constructing universal scales of the distribution function of opportunities by types of support and rebuilding them into subject scales using display functions. The purpose of the paper is to determine the integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodation of the evacuated population and the impact on resources during relocation. On the subject scales of cities and districts of the region, indicators of the possibility of relocation of a certain amount of the evacuated population by types of support and indicators characterizing the impact on the district’s resources during resettlement of a certain amount of the evacuated population are determined. It was concluded that the use of integrated indicators allows the selection of areas to accommodate the evacuated population without the use of statistical data, in conditions of incomplete and inaccurate information. The presented method does not replace traditional methods based on classical methods of territory assessment by the level of life sustenance, but also allows their reasonable combination with the experience of specialists in this field, taking into account the incompleteness, uncertainty, and inconsistency of the initial data of the study area, which does not allow the application of existing methods.

True Dawn: the defi nition by the Sharia and the terminology of astronomers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-644
Author(s):  
M. Z. Maghomedov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Observation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Exact Time ◽  
Mathematical Calculation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Morning Prayer

The object of the research is the problem of determining the exact time of the True Dawn onset (al-fajr as-sadik), with which the rituals of fasting and praying begin in Islam, as well as the completion of the rite of standing (wukuf) on Mount Arafat during the Great Pilgrimage (hajj), and its diff erence from the so-called “False” Dawn. (al-fajr al-kazib).  The paper presents the Hadiths describing the signs of these two astronomical phenomena and reveals the results of visual observation of the onset of the True Dawn’s exact time in a number of Arab countries and in the Republic of Dagestan according to the mathematical calculation of the angle of the Sun inclination and the degree of the Sun position (azimuth) towards the horizon of the observed terrain during the true dawn.  The study was based on the determination of the onset of the morning prayer exact time according to the methodology of mathematical calculations by astronomers of the early and late periods, and of the authoritative Muslim jurists (faqihs) as well.

MYCOTOXINS IN BEANS OF PEANUTS GROWN IN TAJIKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Sh. I. Razokov ◽  
◽  
D. M. Mirzoev ◽  
G. P. Kononenko ◽  
A. A. Burkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Combined Contamination

The article presents the results of an extensive mycotoxicological examination of 11 samples of peanut beans grown in two regions of the Republic of Tajikistan. The determination of 16 mycotoxins was carried out by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial and certified research test systems. It has been established that for peanut beans in this area, a combined contamination by a group of sanitary-significant mycotoxins, including diacetoxyscirpenol, alternariol, ochratoxin A, PR-toxin and cyclopiazonic acid, is characteristic. The prospects of further research and the practical significance of the results are discussed.

MYCOTOXINS AND TOXIN-PRODUCING MICROSCOPIC FUNGI IN COTTON-SEED CAKE FROM TAJIKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
G. P. Kononenko ◽  
◽  
E. A. Piryazeva ◽  
E. V. Zotova ◽  
Sh. I. Razokov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Complex Study ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Toxin Formation

The article presents the results of complex study of cotton-seed cake from the Republic of Tajikistan, including the determination of content of mycotoxins, the analysis of exposure to microscopic fungi and the assessment of the potential of their toxin formation. The ability to produce mycotoxins was established for 11 species of micromycetes belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Scop-ulariopsis, and Trichothecium. Alternariol, zearalenone, fu-monisins, aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, citrinin and emodin were found in the composition of the cotton-seed cake. Prospects for further research and the practical significance of the results are discussed.

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