scholarly journals First study on oxyuriosis in horses from Algeria: Prevalence and clinical aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3179
Author(s):  
M KOUIDRI ◽  
A BOUMEZRAG ◽  
A SELLES SIDI MOHMMED ◽  
Z TOUIHRI ◽  
A SASSI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Care ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Tape Test ◽  
Common Infection ◽  
Veterinary Institute

The present study was carried out the Tiaret region, on horses belonging to the Chaouchaoua National Haras, ONDEEC and on two private farms during the period from February 05th to April 17th, 2019. It aims to assess the overall prevalence of equine oxyuriosis in the area and to describe the most dominant clinical signs of this parasite infection. Scotch tape test was applied on 176 horses randomly selected and the microscopic observation of slides was carried out at the parasitology laboratory of the Veterinary institute of Tiaret. The overall prevalence of Oxyuris equi was 38.64% with females being more infected (37.04%) than males (20.45%). The prevalence of oxyuriosis was higher in fillies (70%) than in foals (48.39%).The high prevalence of Oxyuris equi was recorded in the private farms with a percentage of 85% and 44% in farm 1 and 2, respectively. The more commonly clinical signs were tail rubbing in 42% and scratching in 32% of positive horses.Equine oxyuriosis is a common infection in the study area and requires the application of hygienic measures with more therapeutic and preventive care.

scholarly journals Porcine Gammaherpesviruses in Italian Commercial Swine Population: Frequent but Harmless

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Michele Drigo ◽  
Matteo Legnardi ◽  
Laura Grassi ◽  
Maria Luisa Menandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Differently from alpha- and betaherpesviruses affecting swine, interest in the recently discovered Suid gammaherpesvirus 3, Suid gammaherpesvirus 4, and Suid gammaherpesvirus 5, also known as porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, and PLHV-3), has largely focused on their role as potential zoonotic agents in cases of xenotransplantation. However, their role as primary pathogens of swine or as co-factors for other lymphotropic infections has essentially been neglected. The present study aims at filling this gap, evaluating the association between PLHVs infection and different clinical conditions and/or porcine circovirus (PCV) co-infection. One hundred seventy-six samples were obtained from different animals located in a high-density pig area of Northern Italy in the period 2017–2020. The presence of PLHVs and PCVs was tested and quantified by specific real-time PCR: PLHVs were widespread among pigs (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, and PLHV-3 prevalence was 28.97%, 10.79%, and 4.54%, respectively) and detected in all considered tissues and clinical conditions. Frequent co-infections were also observed among PLHVs and with PCVs, although a significant association was not detected with the exception of a positive interaction between PLHV-1 and PLHV-3, and a negative one between PLHV-2 and PCV-2. Significantly, no association between PLHVs, alone or in co-infection, emerged with any of the considered clinical signs, their frequency being comparable between healthy and diseased animals. Based on these pieces of evidence and despite their high prevalence, PLHVs’ relevance for the swine industry appears negligible, either as primary pathogens or as predisposing factors for circovirus-induced diseases.

scholarly journals Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome (SINS)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Gerald Reiner ◽  
Josef Kuehling ◽  
Frederik Loewenstein ◽  
Mirjam Lechner ◽  
Sabrina Becker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Tail Damage

Tail biting is a prevalent and undesirable behaviour in pigs and a major source of significant reduction in well-being. However, focusing on biting considers only one part of the solution, because tail damage can be found with a high prevalence without any action by other pigs. The lesions are not limited to the tail but can also be found in the ears, heels, soles, claw coronary bands, teats, navel, vulva, and face. Environmental improvement alone often fails to overcome the problem. This review addresses a new inflammation and necrosis syndrome in swine (SINS). It shows the clinical signs and the frequencies of occurrence in different age groups. It compiles scientific evidence from clinical and histopathological studies in newborn piglets that argue for a primary endogenous aetiology of the disease. Bringing together the findings of a broad body of research, the possible mechanisms leading to the disease are identified and then discussed. This part will especially focus on microbe-associated molecular patterns in the circulation and their role in activating defence mechanisms and inflammation. Finally, the methods are identified to ameliorate the problem by optimizing husbandry and selecting a suitable breeding stock.

scholarly journals An apple a day: an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Norway associated with self-pressed apple juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Robertson ◽  
T. T. Temesgen ◽  
K. R. Tysnes ◽  
J. E. Eikås
Keyword(s):  
Apple Juice ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Contamination Event ◽  
Salad Vegetables ◽  
Timely Reminder

AbstractIn the autumn of 2018, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis affected adult employees from the same company in Western Norway. The organism wasCryptosporidium parvum, GP60 subtype IIaA14G1R1. All those infected had drunk from the same container of self-pressed apple juice. Incubation period (1 week) and clinical signs were similar among those infected, although some experienced a more prolonged duration of symptoms (up to 2–3 weeks) than others. The infections resulted after consumption from only one of 40 containers of juice and not from any of the other containers. It seems that althoughCryptosporidiumoocysts were detected in a sample from another container, the contamination did not affect the whole batch. This is perhaps indicative of a restricted contamination event, either from contaminated ground in the orchard, or during collection of the fruit, or during processing. Although outbreaks of food-borne cryptosporidiosis have previously been associated with consumption of contaminated apple juice, most of the more recent outbreaks of food-borne cryptosporidiosis have been associated with salad vegetables or herbs. This outbreak, the first outside USA reported to be associated with apple juice, is a timely reminder that such juice is a suitable transmission vehicle forCryptosporidiumoocysts, and that appropriate hygienic measures are essential in the production of such juice, including artisanal (non-commercial) production.

scholarly journals Portland Cement Use in Dental Root Perforations: A Long Term Followup

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Borges ◽  
Matheus Coelho Bandeca ◽  
Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽  
Luis Augusto Faitaroni ◽  
Elibel Reginna de Siqueira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Iatrogenic Perforation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
First Case ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Root canal and furcal perforations are causes of endodontic therapy failure and different materials that stimulate tissue mineralization have been proposed for perforation treatment. In the first case, a patient presented tooth 46 with unsatisfactory endodontic treatment and a periapical radiographic lesion. A radiolucent area compatible with a perforating internal resorption cavity was found in the mesial root. The granulation tissue was removed, and root canals were prepared. The intracanal medication was composed of calcium hydroxide and the perforation cavity was filled with Portland cement. The 11-year followup showed radiographic repair of the tissue adjacent to the perforation and absence of clinical signs and symptoms or periapical lesion. In the second case, a patient presented with edema on the buccal surface of tooth 46. The examination showed a radiolucent area in the furcation region compatible with an iatrogenic perforation cavity. The mesial root canals were calcified, and only the distal root canal was prepared. The cavity was filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste and the distal root canal was obturated. In sequence, the perforation cavity was filled with Portland cement. The 9-year followup showed the tooth in masticatory function with radiographic and clinical aspects compatible with normality.

scholarly journals Bird Lice (Mallophaga, Philopteridae, Menoponidae) of Domestic Pigeons on Specialized Pigeon Breeding Farms in Poltava

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Kolomak ◽  
O. V. Kruchynenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Domestic Pigeons ◽  
Pigeon Breeding

Abstract The species composition of pigeon lice parasitic on pigeons of ornamental breeds on the specialized closed-type farm (Poltava) was studied. Five species of these ectoparasites were registered: Columbicola columbae Linnaeus, 1758, Campanulotes compar Burmeister, 1838, (Philopteridae, Ischnocera), Bonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957, Hohorstiella lata Piaget, 1880 and Neocolpocephalus turbinatum (Denny, 1842) (Menoponidae, Amblycera). For each species, the data on infection prevalence, intensity and abundance were obtained. High prevalence of infection was registered for all pigeon lice species, while the intensity and, especially, the abundance were considerably different. C. columbae turned out to be the most abundant. B. columbae was rather common. The peculiarities of pigeon lice species localization on the host body were investigated. During the intensive infection of pigeons with lice, the complex of clinical signs is manifested, which testifies about considerable effect of these parasites on the host. The highest pathogenicity is characteristic for H. lata, which usually feeds on blood and lymph.

scholarly journals Clinical signs of trachoma are prevalent among Solomon Islanders who have no persistent markers of prior infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Robert Butcher ◽  
Oliver Sokana ◽  
Kelvin Jack ◽  
Leslie Sui ◽  
Charles Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The low population-prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis and high prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) provide contradictory estimates of the magnitude of the public health threat from trachoma in the Solomon Islands. Improved characterisation of the biology of trachoma in the region may support policy makers as they decide what interventions are required. Here, age-specific profiles of anti-Pgp3 antibodies and conjunctival scarring were examined to determine whether there is evidence of ongoing transmission and pathology from ocular Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection. Methods: A total of 1511 individuals aged ≥1 year were enrolled from randomly selected households in 13 villages in which >10% of children aged 1–9 years had TF prior to a single round of azithromycin mass drug administration undertaken six months previously. Blood was collected to be screened for antibodies to the Ct antigen Pgp3. Tarsal conjunctival photographs were collected for analysis of scarring severity. Results: Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity was 18% in 1–9 year olds, sharply increasing around the age of sexual debut to reach 69% in those over 25 years. Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity did not increase significantly between the ages of 1–9 years and was not associated with TF (p=0.581) or scarring in children (p=0.472). Conjunctival scars were visible in 13.1% of photographs. Mild (p<0.0001) but not severe (p=0.149) scars increased in prevalence with age. Conclusions: Neither conjunctival scars nor lymphoid follicles were associated with antibodies to Ct, suggesting that they are unlikely to be a direct result of ocular Ct infection. Clinical signs of trachoma were prevalent in this population but were not indicative of the underlying rates of Ct infection. The current World Health Organization guidelines for trachoma elimination indicated that this population should receive intervention with mass distribution of antibiotics, but the data presented here suggest that this may not have been appropriate.

scholarly journals Unique aspects of peripheral artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkiruka V Arinze ◽  
Andrew Gregory ◽  
Jean M Francis ◽  
Alik Farber ◽  
Vipul C Chitalia
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Health Care Burden ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) represents a major health care burden. Despite the advent of screening and interventional procedures, the long-term clinical outcomes remain suboptimal, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While CKD and PAD share common predisposing factors, emerging studies indicate that their co-existence is not merely an association; instead, CKD represents a strong, independent risk factor for PAD. These findings implicate CKD-specific mediators of PAD that remain incompletely understood. Moreover, there is a need to understand the mechanisms underlying poor outcomes after interventions for PAD in CKD. This review discusses unique clinical aspects of PAD in patients with CKD, including high prevalence and worse outcomes after vascular interventions and the influence of renal allograft transplantation. In doing so, it also highlights underappreciated aspects of PAD in patients with CKD, such as disparities in revascularization and higher peri-procedural mortality. While previous reviews have discussed general mechanisms of PAD pathogenesis, focusing on PAD in CKD, this review underscores a need to probe for CKD-specific pathogenic pathways that may unravel novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PAD and ultimately improve the risk stratification and management of patients with CKD and PAD.

First report of wild boar susceptibility to Porcine circovirus type 3: High prevalence in the Colli Euganei Regional Park (Italy) in the absence of clinical signs

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Claudia Maria Tucciarone ◽  
Michele Drigo ◽  
Mattia Cecchinato ◽  
Marco Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
First Report ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Type 3

α1-Antitrypsin Phenotypes in Patients with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Positive Vasculitis

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Lhotta ◽  
Wolfgang Vogel ◽  
Thomas Meisl ◽  
Martina Buxbaum ◽  
Ulrich Neyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Microscopic Polyarteritis ◽  
A Minor

1. The genetic background of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis remains largely unknown. Recently a very high prevalence of medium and severe deficiency of α1-antitrypsin was described in a small group of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis and c-ANCA. c-ANCAs are autoantibodies against proteinase 3, and α1-antitrypsin is the main inhibitor of this enzyme. 2. α1-Antitrypsin phenotypic polymorphism was determined by isoelectric focusing in 32 patients with c-ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. Twenty-nine patients had Wegener's disease, two had microscopic polyarteritis and one suffered from idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. 3. Two patients were homozygous PiZZ and three were heterozygous PiMZ. These phenotype frequencies differed significantly from expected values, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.01). Compared with a control group of 868 healthy blood donors, these results meant a significant increase in the PiZ allele (0.0138 versus 0.1094, P< 0.001). 4. Furthermore, the serum of 47 patients with severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) was tested for the presence of ANCA. All sera were negative for c-ANCA and p-ANCA. None of the patients showed clinical signs of systemic vasculitis. 5. In conclusion, these data indicate that α1-antitrypsin deficiency, despite being significantly more common in patients with c-ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis, is only a minor genetic risk factor for the development of this disease.

Diagnostic aspects, carditis and other acute manifestations of streptococcal infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleonice de Carvalho Coelho Mota ◽  
Zilda Maria Alves Meira ◽  
Rosangela Nicoli Graciano ◽  
Marly Conceição Silva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe have conducted, in two stages, a descriptive and comparative analysis of the diagnostic and evolutionary clinical aspects of rheumatic fever. The descriptive analysis was based on a sample of 226 patients seen between 1976–1986. The forms and frequency of the manifestations of rheumatic fever were studied, as well as the difficulties encountered in diagnosing mild cases and the risk of making a hasty diagnosis due to the high prevalence of the disease. Subsequent to the establishment of an outpatient clinic for referral of patients with rheumatic fever, as part of a study and control program for the disease, 98 patients were seen in the period 1988–1991. In order to compare the profile of the manifestations in the acute phase with evolutionary aspects over the course of the disease, a subgroup of 61 children, treated in the period 1983–986 was selected to obtain equivalence in size of sample and time of follow-up (p = 0.08). The comparative analysis revealed that no modifications have occurred over the period of study in the profile of the manifestations during the acute phase, and no statistically significant differences have occurred in age at first attack, severity ofcarditis, or in the type ofvalvar and articular involvement. Evolutionary data after rigid control of primary and secondary prevention, however, showed a marked reduction in the incidence of recurrence (p = 0.036), the frequency of hospital admission (p = 0.001) and deaths (p = 0.024). The main factors modifying the evolution of the disease were analyzed. The action of the health team had a fundamental importance in the control of recurrence. This fact is especially important for developing countries, where a reduction of the prevalence of the disease can only be achieved through major structural socioeconomic changes in the community.

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