Operational Deflection Shapes Magnification and Visualization Using Optical-Flow-Based Image Processing

Much information can be derived from operational deflection shapes of vibrating structures and the magnification of their motion. However, the acquisition of deflection shapes usually requires a manual definition of an object’s points of interest, while general motion magnification is computationally inefficient. We propose easy extraction of operational deflection shapes straight from vision data by analyzing and processing optical flow information from the video and then, based on these graphs, morphing source data to magnify the shape of deflection. We introduce several processing routines for automatic masking of the optical flow data and frame-wise information fusion. The method is tested based on data acquired both in numerical simulations and real-life experiments in which cantilever beams were subjected to excitation around their natural frequencies.

Development of an Estimation Formula to Evaluate Mission Motion Suitability of Military Jackets

We developed an estimation formula for mission motion suitability evaluation based on the general motion protocol to evaluate the motion suitability of a tracked vehicle crew jacket. Motion suitability evaluation was conducted for the 9 general motions and 12 mission motions among 27 tracked vehicle crew members who wore a tracked vehicle crew jacket. We conducted correlation and factor analyses on motions to extract the main mission motions, and a multiple regression analysis was performed on major mission motions using general motions as independent variables. As a result, two mission behavior factors related to ammunition stowing and boarding/entry were extracted. We selected ammunition stowing I and the boarding motion, which has the highest factor load in each factor and the highest explanatory power (R2) of the estimation formula. Regression equations for ammunition stowing consisting of five general motions (p < 0.001) and for boarding motion (p < 0.01) consisting of one general motion could be obtained. In conclusion, the estimation formula for mission motion suitability using general motion is beneficial for enhancing the effectiveness of the evaluation of military jackets for tracked vehicle crews.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF ENTROPY: FROM THERMODYNAMICS TO COSMOLOGY. PART 2. HYPOTHESIS OF ENTROPY IN COSMOLOGY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT

In the work [7], the classical concepts of thermodynamic entropy are systematized and modern approaches to assessing the tribo-fatigue and mechanothermodynamic entropy of non-additive systems are outlined. In this article, the concept of the analogy of thermodynamics and mechanics of black holes is presented and analyzed, which made it possible to estimate their (thermodynamic) entropy. The insufficiency of this concept is that thermodynamic entropy is a characteristic of energy dissipation, whereas black holes are characterized by the absorption of energy and matter. In this regard, it is proposed to consider the event horizon as a hermodynamic medium, and a black hole as a tribo-fatigue object. And then the “black hole — event horizon” system is presented as a combined mechanothermodynamic non-additive multisystem. Methods for estimating the total (mechanothermodynamic) entropy and its components — tribo-fatigue and thermodynamic entropy in black hole mechanics are presented. With regard to individual (specific) zones and objects of the universe, the well-known theory of Zeldovich is accordingly modified: the universe is a thermodynamic medium with discretely distributed (scattered) dense and/or solid bodies (objects) — stars, galaxies, etc. Behavior of such a system (direct and back effects in the universe) are described. The peculiarity of the action of the medium on the stars and, conversely, the action of the cluster of stars on the interaction between them consists in the fact that it is non-Newtonian: action is not equal to reaction. It is the inequality of action against counteraction, which has radically different mechanisms and consequences (results), or, in other words, the imbalance of the universe that determine its general motion in space–time. The changing set of all states is the evolution of the universe. The analysis of possible strategies for the evolution of mechanothermodynamic systems is carried out on the basis of the fundamental principle: the damageability of everything that exists has no conceivable boundaries. This principle is formulated in mechanothermodynamics and used in philosophy to create a generalized theory of the evolution of the material world.

Beyond sensory conflict: The role of beliefs and perception in motion sickness

Illusory self-motion often provokes motion sickness, which is commonly explained in terms of an inter-sensory conflict that is not in accordance with previous experience. Here we address the influence of cognition in motion sickness and show that such a conflict is not provocative when the observer believes that the motion illusion is indeed actually occurring. Illusory self-motion and motion sickness were elicited in healthy human participants who were seated on a stationary rotary chair inside a rotating optokinetic drum. Participants knew that both chair and drum could rotate but were unaware of the actual motion stimulus. Results showed that motion sickness was correlated with the discrepancy between participants’ perceived self-motion and participants’ beliefs about the actual motion. Together with the general motion sickness susceptibility, this discrepancy accounted for 51% of the variance in motion sickness intensity. This finding sheds a new light on the causes of visually induced motion sickness and suggests that it is not governed by an inter-sensory conflict per se, but by beliefs concerning the actual self-motion. This cognitive influence provides a promising tool for the development of new countermeasures.

Instantaneous Center of Rotation of a Vessel Submitted to Oblique Waves

When under influence of an incident wave system, any freely floating body presents a general motion with all six degrees of freedom. The Instantaneous Center of Rotation, as defined in classical mechanics, is a concept that allows the description of a general motion in 6 degrees of freedom as a pure rotation around such point. This approach, although not widely used in ocean engineering, might be an alternative tool that allows fast and precise analysis in many cases. Recent studies have shown that under specific conditions, such as a heading wave condition, the ICR varies in time but it is always located along a line for one wave frequency. Similar results were presented regarding beam waves as well. The present work continues with the investigation regarding the behavior of ICR under more generic conditions, assuming oblique waves exciting a vessel with typical geometry of a FPSO platform. The study extends the knowledge derived based on 2D approaches from previous works, comparing the results obtained from the different methods. An analytical model is presented, assuming only harmonic motion to all 6 degrees of freedom and showing that, similar to what was observed in the simplified 2D cases, the ICR tends to present dependence on the frequency of motion. Numerical data acquired from commercial codes based on potential theory is also presented.

Simulation of 3 Body Exo-Planetary System Orbits

To find out the general motion model of exo-planetary systems with one star and two planets, a computer program was used to carry out simulations and generate graphs showing the orbits of planets. When given the orbital periods and masses of the planets and stars, it is possible to predict the location of the planets over time and plot the shape of the orbit by considering the gravitational interactions between planets and the star, assuming that the planetary orbits are co-planar. I used the program to reproduce the result of transit timing variations (TTVs) of Kepler-46 system, I then investigated on the magnitude of transit timing variations on a 3-body system with various masses and periods. I also ran simulations to investigate the pattern of orbits for different periods of planets in order to get a systematic conclusion.

Designing Human-like Behaviors for Anthropomorphic Arm in Humanoid Robot NAO

SUMMARYHuman-like motion of robots can improve human–robot interaction and increase the efficiency. In this paper, a novel human-like motion planning strategy is proposed to help anthropomorphic arms generate human-like movements accurately. The strategy consists of three parts: movement primitives, Bayesian network (BN), and a novel coupling neural network (CPNN). The movement primitives are used to decouple the human arm movements. The classification of arm movements improves the accuracy of human-like movements. The motion-decision algorithm based on BN is able to predict occurrence probabilities of the motions and choose appropriate mode of motion. Then, a novel CPNN is proposed to solve the inverse kinematics problems of anthropomorphic arms. The CPNN integrates different models into a single network and reflects the features of these models by changing the network structure. Through the strategy, the anthropomorphic arms can generate various human-like movements with satisfactory accuracy. Finally, the availability of the proposed strategy is verified by simulations for the general motion of humanoid NAO.

Optimalisasi Metode Gerak serta Lagu untuk Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Peserta Didik

This research is based on the lack of variations in songs used by teachers in learning for early childhood. The purpose of this study is to develop motion and song activities that can be used as a choice of activities that can be done to improve children's intelligence and to find out whether motion activities and songs developed by researchers are effective to improve children's intelligence. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, in order to obtain data in this study the authors use classroom action research methods through observation methods, capacity assessment formats and documentation. From the data analysis it is known that the intelligence of children after being given an experiment through motion activity and better than the intelligence of children before being given experiments through motion and song activity. In general, motion and song can develop children's kinesthetic intelligence, through body movements such as by bending with rotating the body, it can be concluded that movement and song activity is effective to improve children's intelligence.