scholarly journals Influence of environmental factors onto reproductive characteristics of Daphnia galeata from Lake Baikal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1175-1181
Author(s):  
S.I. Pitulko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daphnia Galeata ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Strong Turbulence ◽  
Average Fertility

Abstract. The influence of various factors onto the reproductive characteristics of the cladoceran Daphnia galeata Sars, 1863 Lake Baikal was studied. With an increase in the concentration of available feed, the size of the body, average fertility, the size of the brood and the proportion of egg-bearing females increase. At high temperatures, significantly greater fecundity and the proportion of egg-bearing females were noted; other features did not change significantly with temperature increase. Under the conditions of strong turbulence, the fertility and the proportion of egg-bearing females are lower than under the conditions of low turbulence. The presence of a predator with an increase in the concentration of feed and temperature results in the decrease in the size of crustaceans and in the increase of the proportion of egg-bearing females.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Fluctuations on the Bearing Capacity of Cold In-Depth Recycled Pavements

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Andreas Loizos ◽  
Vasilis Papavasiliou
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Foamed Asphalt

This study investigates the influence of the temperature fluctuations on the bearing capacity of cold in-depth recycled (CIR) pavements stabilized with foamed asphalt (FA). Aiming to achieve this goal, non-destructive testing was conducted during mild and high temperatures on a highway CIR pavement, utilizing mainly the FWD device. The back-calculated moduli values were utilized to estimate the strain values within the body of the pavement, while the strains induced using the FWD device were measured with a fiber optic sensors (FOS) system. Moreover, data from the fatigue behavior of the layer materials was also considered. The results of the related analysis indicate that for every 1 °C temperature increase within the body of the AC overlay, an approximately 5.7% increase of the critical tensile strain is expected. Moreover, for every 1 °C temperature increase within the body of the FA layer, an approximately 1.8% increase of the tensile strain at the bottom of the FA layer is expected. The new constructed layers, i.e., asphalt concrete (AC) and FA, sustain much more damage at high temperatures. This was more evident in the upper layer, i.e., the AC overlay.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

scholarly journals Influence of Fabric Weave on Thermal Radiation Resistance and Water Vapor Permeability

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Ana Kiš ◽  
Snježana Brnada ◽  
Stana Kovačević
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Weave Structure ◽  
Fabric Structures ◽  
The Impact

In this work, aramid fibers were used to develop new, high-performance fabrics for high-temperature protective clothing. The research was based on the impact of the weave structure on fabric resistance to radiant heat. The goals of the research were primarily related to the development of new fabric structures created by the weave structure, which gives better protection of the body against high temperatures in relation to the standard weave structures that are used today. According to the results obtained it can be concluded that the fabric weave significantly affects the fabric structure, which consequently determines the effectiveness of protection against high temperatures. The justification for the use of multi-weft and strucks weave structure, which provides greater thermal protection and satisfactory breathability than commonly used weave structures, was ascertained.

Multivariate Analysis in Genetic Studies

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Susanne
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biometrical Analysis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Generalized Distances ◽  
Sib Pairs

SummaryThe results are presented of a method of generalized distances calculated by a noncentral χ2 test and applied to compare 63 twin pairs and 196 sib pairs. The advantage of this method in biometrical analysis lies in the fact that several measurements can be utilised simultaneously. Besides, it takes into account the distance of each relative to the centre of the population and also has the advantage of permitting the comparison of distances between pairs of relatives whatever their age or sex.Generalized distances were calculated for four measurements of the head, five of the body and eleven of the face. For all three sets of measurements the influence of genetical factors was demonstrated. The body seems less influenced by environmental factors and more conditioned by genetic ones.

scholarly journals The adaptive potential of workers in greenhouse farms in the Voronezh region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Yatsenko ◽  
N.V. Dzen ◽  
N.V. Gabbasova ◽  
N.P. Mamchik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Integral Indicator

Adaptive potential is an indicator of the level of adaptability of the human body to various and changing environmental factors. The adaptive capabilities of the body are influenced not only by external factors, but also by internal - the state of the body as a whole, by the presence or absence of chronic diseases. Therefore, the adaptive potential was used as an integral indicator of a person's adaptability to production factors. The aim of the study was to assess the adaptive capabilities of the organism of workers in greenhouse farms in the Voronezh region. The study was carried out at the enterprises of the closed ground of the region by the method of questioning, the objects of the study were 125 women aged 27-45 years. In most cases, there are violations of the adaptive capabilities of the organism among the studied workers of greenhouse farms, and even a breakdown in adaptation was revealed in 0.8%. In less than half of the cases, the adaptive potential of the greenhouses was within the normal. The adaptive reserves of the greenhouses workers decrease with age.

scholarly journals ТНЕ BASICS OF CLIМATOTHERAPY, А MODERN VIEW OF ТНЕ PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN CRIMEA, ТНЕ ROLE OF ТНЕ RESTORATION OF ТНЕ EVPATORIA BIOCLIМATIC STATION AS ТНЕ CRIMEAN CENTER OF CLIМATOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Т. F. Golubova ◽  
А. I. Kreslov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Condition ◽  
Physiologically Based ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Republic

Climate is an active, powerful factor that can have a powerful therapeutic effect. Climatotherapy is prescribed for the purpose of General strengthening effects on the body, to stimulate its defenses, increase non-specific resistance, especially in chronic or sluggish pathological processes. The effect of climate therapy is manifested in the body's responses to environmental factors, the main condition of which is the use of physiologically based methods of dosing climate procedures. The bioclimatic station (BCS) of the resort of Yevpatoria carries out meteorological observations of medical orientation and their dosing. The creation of a modern center of climatotherapy, as a scientific-clinical Department of medical climatology on the basis of the BCS will allow to organize a single service on introduction of modern methods of climatotherapy in Evpatoria and the Republic of Crimea, improve the quality of the holiday of climateprotection and effectiveness of climatotherapy.

scholarly journals Reproductive Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Oxidative Status in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed with Ethanolic Extract of Dichrostachys glomerata Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Nadège Motchewo Djuissi ◽  
Ferdinand Ngoula ◽  
Justin Kouamo ◽  
Narcisse Bertin Vemo ◽  
Mathieu Fambo Stive Nono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics

Dichrostachys glomerata (D. glomerata) is an aromatic plant which is used as a spice in cooking and Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat infertility in men. This work was designed to highlight the effects of the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata on oxidative status, serum metabolites and reproductive characteristics in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A total of 48 primiparous female guinea pigs, aged 4 months old with the body weight of 400 ± 10 g, were divided into four groups with two replications per group (6 guinea pigs each). During 90 days of trial, Group 1 (control group) orally received 1 ml/kg b.w. of distilled water daily, and groups 2, 3, and 4 received D. glomerata ethanolic extract once a day at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. using the same method of administration, respectively, for 90 days, including 60 days of gestation. After the first 30 days of treatment, mating was done by placing one non-treated male into cages containing six treated females. At the end of the treatment, data were collected on reproductive characteristics, serum metabolites, and oxidative stress markers. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata induced a significant decrease in the number of post-implantation resorption and ovaries weight. Groups 3 and 4 showed a significant increase in the number of fetuses per dam and viable fetuses as well as placenta weight, compared to the control group. The serum level of progesterone significantly decreased in the group treated with 200 mg/kg D. Glomerata, compared to the other treated groups. The extract at 100 mg/kg body weight showed a significant increase in fetuses weight and fetuses crown-rump length, compared to the control group. Catalase activity significantly increased in the control group than D. glomerata treated groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of D. glomerata minimized reproductive stress and subsequently improved the reproductive performance of guinea pigs.

ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HIBERNATING ANIMALS OF YAKUTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
V.T. Sedalishchev ◽  
V.A. Odnokurtsev
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physiological Adaptations

Under the influence of environmental factors, in winter-sleeping animals living in extreme winter conditions, a wide range of mechanisms of ecological and physiological adaptations is mani-fested that ensure the normal course of wintering and the survival of populations of species after its end. We carried out an analysis of our own data and literary sources on ecology and endoparasite infestation in three species of rodents – black-capped marmot, Asian long-tailed ground squirrel, Siberian (Asian) chipmunk, and in a representative of predators– brown bear. Data on the distribu-tion of the listed species of hibernating animals in the territory of Yakutia, their reproduction, nutri-tion, the extent of infestation by helminths, hibernation, time of bedding and awakening are given. Before going into hibernation, all hibernating animals reduce their diet and resort to hunger strikes. During this period, liquid and solid excrement is excreted from the body and, together with food waste, helminths leave or destrobilatethe gastrointestinal tract.

The presence of synaptic and chromosome disjunction mutants in Cenchrus ciliaris (Poaceae: Paniceae)

Bothalia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Visser ◽  
J. J. Spies ◽  
H. J. T. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Chromosome Abnormality ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Recessive Mutant ◽  
Chromosome Disjunction

Synaptic mutants are present in  Cenchrus ciliaris L This species, due to the presence of linear bivalents and occasion­al trivalents and quadrivalents, is an intermediate desynaptic species. In addition, geographical distribution and environmental factors, such as high temperatures and low humidity, could also have had an influence on the desynapsis observed.The disjunction of chromosomes during anaphase I was mostly abnormal in this desynaptic species. Precocious disjunction of chromosomes into chromatids occurred during anaphase I Due to the high incidence of this chromosome abnormality, a mutant gene,  'pc'  responsible for the disjunction of chromosomes, must be present. The absence of cytokinesis in one specimen indicates a recessive mutant gene,  'va' to be active in this species.

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