Potato consumption is not associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk in adolescent girls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Ioanna Yiannakou ◽  
Mengjie Yuan ◽  
R. Taylor Pickering ◽  
Martha R. Singer ◽  
Lynn L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Potato Consumption

Abstract We examined the association between potato consumption in two different age periods during adolescence and risk of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction in White and Black girls. We used data from the biracial prospective National Growth and Health Study. Average potato consumption was derived from multiple 3-day food records in two age periods, 9-11 and 9-17 years, and included white and sweet potatoes from all sources. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for becoming overweight, developing prehypertension, elevated triglyceride (TG) levels, or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at 18-20 years of age according to category of daily potato intake. We also stratified by cooking method (fried/non-fried) and race. Analysis of covariance was also used to estimate adjusted mean levels of BMI, SBP, DBP, log-transformed TGs, the TG to high-density lipoprotein (TG:HDL) ratio, and fasting glucose levels associated with potato intake category. Higher potato consumption was associated with higher fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes and higher HEI scores in Black girls. There were no statistically significant associations overall between moderate or higher (vs. lower) intakes of potatoes and risks of overweight, prehypertension, elevated fasting triglycerides, high TG:HDL ratio or IFG. Also, no adverse associations were found between fried or non-fried potato intake and cardiometabolic outcomes. Potato consumption has been the subject of much controversy in recent years. This study adds evidence that potato consumption among healthy girls during the critical period of adolescence was not associated with cardiometabolic risk.

Abstract P113: The Probability of Maintaining Ideal Levels of Glucose in US Populations: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L Avery ◽  
Donglin Zeng ◽  
Sujatro Chakladar ◽  
Katelyn M Holliday ◽  
Dan Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Ideal cardiovascular health is a novel concept adopted by the American Heart Association (AHA) that is operationalized through measurement and classification (ideal; intermediate; poor) of seven health metrics, including fasting glucose. Declines in the prevalence of ideal fasting glucose levels have been consistently associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease, yet few studies have examined the ages at which such declines begin. We used cross-sectional data from NHANES (2007-2010, n=5,961) and the HCHS/SOL (n=14,357) to estimate the age-specific prevalence of ideal (<100 mg/dl without medication), intermediate (100-125 mg/dl or treated to <100 mg/dl) and poor (≥126 mg/dl) fasting glucose levels defined per AHA criteria among European American (EA), African American (AA), and Hispanic/Latino (H/L) participants ≥16 years of age. Race/ethnicity-stratified age-specific net probabilities of transitioning between ideal, intermediate and poor glucose levels were then calculated from cross-sectional estimates using state-of-the-art Markov models that accommodated complex sampling under the assumption that transitions remained stable across time. In all race/ethnic groups, approximately 80% of participants ≤20 years of age had ideal glucose levels. However, the estimated probability of maintaining ideal glucose levels after age 20 varied by race/ethnicity. For example, by the age of 40, the estimated probability of maintaining ideal levels of glucose over the next five years was approximately 90% for EAs and AAs and slightly higher for H/Ls (five-year probability: 92.1%, 95% CI: 91.1%, 93.1%). Among individuals with intermediate glucose levels at age 40, the estimated five-year probability of transitioning to poor levels of glucose was twice as high for AAs (five-year probability: 8.1%, 95% CI: 4.3%, 11.9%) and H/Ls (five-year probability: 9.8%, 95% CI: 8.0%, 11.6%) compared to EAs (five-year probability = 3.9%, 95% CI: 2.7%, 5.3%). Unfortunately, among participants with poor glucose levels, the estimated probability of transitioning to ideal glucose levels remained 0% for all race/ethnic groups and across all ages. Our results suggest that efforts to maintain ideal glucose levels should target young adults and extend through 40 years of age, given the sizeable prevalence of intermediate and poor levels of glucose observed by age 20, the estimated acceleration in the transition to intermediate and poor glucose levels that occurs between the second and fourth decade of life, and the negligible estimated probability of successfully re-attaining ideal glucose levels among those with intermediate or poor glucose levels. Enhanced efforts to identify and treat populations with poor glucose levels also are needed, since these populations would include persons with undiagnosed and therefore untreated type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoona Kim ◽  
Jennifer B Keogh ◽  
Peter M Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aim We aimed to determine if nut consumption decreases mortality and/or the risk of cardiometabolic diseases based on updated meta-analyses of epidemiological and intervention studies. Methods. An updated electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library databases for original meta-analyses to investigate the effects of nut consumption on cardiometabolic disease in humans. Results. Seven new meta-analyses were included in this updated review. Findings similar to our previous review were observed, showing that nut consumption significantly decreased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (−19% to −25%; n = 4), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (−24% to −30%; n = 3), stroke mortality (−17% to −18%; n = 3), CVD incidence (−15% to −19 %; n = 4), CHD [or coronary artery disease (CAD)] incidence (−17% to −34%; n = 8), and stroke incidence (−10% to −11%; n = 6) comparing high with low categories of nut consumption. Fasting glucose levels (0.08 to 0.15 mmol/L; n = 6), total cholesterol (TC; 0.021 to 0.30 mmol/L; n = 10), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 0.017 to 0.26 mmol/L; n = 10) were significantly decreased with nut consumption compared with control diets. Body weight and blood pressure were not significantly affected by nut consumption. Conclusion. Nut consumption appears to exert a protective effect on cardiometabolic disease, possibly through improved concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL-C.

scholarly journals The effect of breastfeeding on postpartum glucose tolerance and lipid profiles in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Shub ◽  
Manisha Miranda ◽  
Harry M. Georgiou ◽  
Elizabeth A. McCarthy ◽  
Martha Lappas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the association of breastfeeding on postpartum glucose levels and lipid profiles in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and women without GDM. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a cohort study of 243 women, 159 women with GDM and 84 normally glucose tolerant women between 2012 and 2017. At approximately 6–10 weeks postpartum, we measured fasting blood glucose and plasma lipid levels. Breastfeeding behaviour was self-defined as exclusive breastfeeding or not exclusive breastfeeding. Results The mean (SD) glucose in the group of women who breastfed exclusively was 4.6 (0.49) mmol/L, compared to 4.9 (0.58) mmol/L (95% CI 0.45, 0.15, p <  0.001) among women who did not exclusively breastfeed. Among women with GDM, the reduction in fasting glucose in women who were breastfeeding was 0.22 mmol/L (95% CI 0.39, 0.05, p = 0.004), and in women who were not GDM, the reduction was 0.14 mmol/L (95% CI 0.37, 0.09, p = 0.24,). After adjustment for GDM status in pregnancy, maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal age and ethnicity, and exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a decreased fasting glucose of 0.19 (95% CI 0.318, 0.061, p = 0.004). After similar adjustment, there was no significant difference in triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between women who were breastfeeding and women who were not breastfeeding. Conclusions Breastfeeding is associated with a reduction in fasting glucose levels postpartum, but not maternal lipid profile. Breastfeeding may play a role in reducing glucose intolerance in women who have had GDM.

scholarly journals The Clustering of Low Diet Quality, Low Physical Fitness, and Unhealthy Sleep Pattern and Its Association with Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Haiquan Xu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Ailing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Z Scores

The clustering of diet quality, physical activity, and sleep and its association with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains to be explored. We included 5315 children aged 6–13 years in the analysis. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, an average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplying by −1), and triglycerides. Low diet quality and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were more likely to be seen in a pair, but low diet quality was less likely to be clustered with unhealthy sleep patterns. Low diet quality, low CRF, and unhealthy sleep pattern was associated with a 0.63, 0.53, and 0.25 standard deviation (SD) higher increase in CMRS, respectively. Compared to children with no unhealthy factor (−0.79 SD), those with ≥1 unhealthy factor had a higher increase (−0.20 to 0.59 SD) in CMRS. A low diet quality-unhealthy sleep pattern resulted in the highest increase in CMRS, blood pressure, and triglycerides. A low diet quality–low CRF-unhealthy sleep pattern resulted in the highest increase in fatness and fasting glucose. Unhealthy factor cluster patterns are complex; however, their positive associations with changes in CMR factors are consistently significant in children. Some specific patterns are more harmful than others for cardiometabolic health.

Abstract MP16: Prevalence of Dyslipidemia Patterns among US Hispanics: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J Rodriguez ◽  
Katrina Swett ◽  
Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller ◽  
Martha Daviglus ◽  
Robert Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Low Hdl

Background: Prevalence and determinants of dyslipidemia among Hispanics/Latinos are not well known. Methods: Lipid and lipoprotein data from the HCHS/SOL -- a population-based cohort study of 16,415 US Hispanic/Latino participants, ages 18-74, from Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Central and South American backgrounds -- were used. Criteria for dyslipidemia are based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines as low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) >130 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) >200 mg/dl, non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL-C) >160 mg/dl, or low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl for women). Differences across Hispanic/Latino groups were tested using Mantel- Haenszel Chi-square and analysis of variance for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Demographics, anthropometric measurements, lifestyle factors, dietary and metabolic profiles in those with abnormal vs. normal lipid components were compared using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Mean age was 40.7 years (SE 0.23) and 48.3% are male. The overall prevalence of any dyslipidemia was 65.1%; prevalence of elevated LDL-C was 35.5%, and highest among Cubans (44.5%; p<0.001). Low HDL-C was present in 41.9% overall, Central Americans had the highest prevalence (44.1%) but not significantly different from other groups (p=0.09). High TGs were seen in 14.9% overall, most commonly among Cubans (17.5%; p<0.001). Elevated non-HDL-C was seen in 34.3% of the sample, and highest among Cubans (43.2%). Dominicans had the lowest prevalence of all four types of dyslipidemia. Multivariate analyses, across all Hispanics, show that prevalence of any dyslipidemia was significantly associated with increasing body mass index and diabetes diagnosis. Higher age was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of low HDL but a higher prevalence of all other dyslipidemia types. Female sex was associated with higher prevalence of low HDL-C but a lower prevalence of elevated TGs, non-HDL-C or LDL-C. Low physical activity was significantly associated with elevated TGs and low HDL-C. Alcohol use was associated with a lower prevalence of low HDL-C only. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is very common among Hispanics/Latinos; Cubans seem particularly at risk. Low HDL-C and elevated LDL-C are most commonly seen. Across all Hispanics, determinants of dyslipidemia varied depending on the type of dyslipidemia. To prevent dyslipidemias, effective public health measures among the Hispanic/Latino population are needed.

Abstract 26: DASH-Style Eating Pattern in Early Adolescence Reduces Cardiometabolic Risk Clustering

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn L Moore ◽  
M. Loring Bradlee ◽  
Martha R Singer ◽  
Stephen R Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factor clustering has its roots in childhood and the presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in younger populations has been linked with early vascular dysfunction. A DASH-style eating pattern has been shown to reduce blood pressure and other selected cardiometabolic outcomes, primarily in adults, but its role in the development of CMR clustering during adolescence has not been studied. Data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Growth and Health Study (NGHS) will be used to evaluate the relation between early-to-mid adolescent dietary intake and CMR clustering at the end of adolescence. The NGHS began in 1987-1988 with the enrollment of 2,379 adolescent girls (with approximately equal numbers of blacks and whites), ages 9-10 years. Diet was assessed using 3-day diet records during eight of 10 years of follow up. A total of 1,369 girls had complete data on diet, all potential confounding variables, and follow-up over 10 years for all CMR factors of interest. Risk factor clustering scores were created by summing individual CMR outcomes defined as follows: waist circumference ≥88 cm, systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90th percentile for age, sex and height, LDL ≥110 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL, serum TG ≥110mg/dl, and HOMA-IR ≥4. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the impact of a DASH-style pattern on the relative risk (odds ratio) of CMR clustering at the end of adolescence, defined as having ≥ 2 or ≥ 3 of the above risk factors at 18-20 years of age. The proportion of white and black girls with CMR clustering was very similar. However, the types of risk factors differed by race with blacks being nearly twice as likely to have an increased waist size, elevated BP, or insulin resistance and white girls being much more likely to have abnormal lipid levels, particularly elevated triglyceride levels. By the end of adolescence, only 30.1% of girls had no abnormal CMR factors and 34.9% had a single risk factor; 16.6% of girls had two risk factors and 18.4% had between 3-6 prevalent risk factors. Higher intakes of fruit and non-starchy vegetables, dairy, and grains were independently associated with less CMR clustering. After adjusting for age, race, socio-economic status, height, physical activity, and television watching, girls with a DASH-style eating pattern during early-to-mid adolescence were nearly 50% less likely to have three or more CMR factors (O.R.=0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.89) by late adolescence (at 18-20 years of age). These results suggest a DASH-style eating pattern during adolescence, characterized by higher intakes of fruit, non-starchy vegetables, and dairy, may lower risk for the development of subsequent cardiometabolic disorders.

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