Assessment of the Problems Faced, Coping Modalities Adopted and Quality of Life of Female Students with Polycystic Ovarian Diseas

Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects 6% to 10% of women of reproductive age. It is not only accompanied with negative physical consequences, but this syndrome also affects psycho-social and sexual well-being. The aim of the present study was to assess the problems faced, coping modalities adopted and quality of life of female students with polycystic ovarian disease at M.M University, Mullana (Ambala).Quantitative research approach with Non experimental, descriptive exploratory survey design was used. Total 1383 female students were selected by proportionate random sampling technique. Out of total sample 56 students were included for further study of variables those who are diagnosed with polycystic ovarian disease. The findings of the study revealed that less than half (48.2%) of the female students were in the age group of 21-23 years and majority (80.4%) were pursuing graduation. More than half (55.4%) of the female students had information regarding polycystic ovarian disease and their major source of information is friends (33.9%) and mass media (30.4%) respectively. Majority (96.4%) of the female students had no family history of polycystic ovarian disease. Results further revealed that majority of the female students (92.5%) were facing the problem of Irregular menstrual periods followed by Hirsutism (83.9%) whereas only (3.6%) were facing problem of infertility. Majority (97.1%) of the female students had adopted the coping modalities for pelvic pain which were allopathic medicine (86.5%) followed by home remedies (32.4%)and for hirsutism (93.6%) which were waxing (92.5) and threading (82.6%).The quality of life among female students with Polycystic ovarian disease was assessed in five aspects which were Emotional, Body Hair, Weight, Infertility problem, Menstrual problem. The lowest mean percentage(63.69%) was observed for body hairs which was the most problematic area whereas the highest mean percentage(89.58%) was observed for infertility problem which was the least problematic area on quality of life among female students. The study concluded that most of the female students have adopted coping modalities for physical symptoms because they were considered it as a most problematic area affected their quality of life.

Socio–cultural Factors Influencing Women to be more vulnerable in Natural Disasters: A Qualitative Review on Tamil Nadu state

South Asia is one of the most vulnerable areas of an increasingly disaster-impacted world, with floods, droughts cyclones and earthquakes causing several casualties and disrupting lives and livelihoods every year. India is one of the most vulnerable countries to natural disasters (Gokhale, 2008). The country has faced a number of natural disasters in the last decade which have claimed hundreds thousands of precious lives and heavy economic losses. It has been observed that more than half of the victims in the past disasters were women. Yet the impacts of disasters are not equally distributed across the peoples of the region. Women and men experience disaster differently, and their needs in the aftermath of disaster are often differ. Women are especially hard-hit by the social impacts of environmental disasters. Existing inequalities are the root cause for women’s disaster vulnerability. Global forces and social changes placing more people at greater risk of disaster also disproportionately impact women specially in Indian context. Highly vulnerable women have specific needs and interests before, during, and after disasters. Women’s socialposition in the society makes them more vulnerable to natural hazards, they are not helpless victims. Women are particularly vulnerable because they have fewer resources in their own right. They have no place in decision - making systems and they suffer traditional, routine and gratuitous gender-biased oppression. By virtue of their lower economic and social status, women tend to be more vulnerable to disasters.

Teaching Language through Literature

Literatures in general and English literature in particular have been used for generations to teach language. It has been proven many times that language can be effectively taught using literature. Literatures, in effect, help shape our thoughts and ideas, learning and using language effectively, and affecting our moods and emotions. We have, in this paper, attempted to show how teaching of several genres of literature, e.g. prose, poetry, drama, short stories etc. help students learn language really well.

Land use and land cover change Assessment in Kaduna metropolis, northern Nigeria (1995 – 2015)

Land use/land cover changes were studied in Kaduna metropolis from 1995 to 2015 through the application of remote sensing data in GIS environment. The data used comprise of Landsat TM of 1995, ETM+ of 2005 and OLI of 2015. Colour composites using Bands 4, 3 and 2 were made for TM and ETM+ while bands 5, 4 and 3 was made for OLI image. The images were resampled to a common UTM and were radiometrically calibrated using the Chavez's Cos (t) model. A total of 220 GCPs were used for supervised classification of identified LULC classes. Maximum likelihood algorithm was used in Ilwis 3.7 GIS software for the classification of the three datasets before changes were estimated and compared among the datasets. Results revealed that vegetation was estimated as the largest land cover during 1995 and 2005 with about 783.0 km2 (65.51%) and 538.9km2 (45.08%) respectively, but had been converted to urban built-up by 2015 by about 320.3km2 (26.80%). This translates to about 462.7km2 (38.71%) of vegetation conversion to urban built-up and related uses within a period of 20 years only. The study concluded that rapid changes observed in LULC in Kaduna metropolis were largely occasioned by rapid urban population growth, urbanization, migration and socio-economic developments witnessed during the last two decades of political dispensation.

The Use of Indigenous Knowledge in Woody Vegetation Changes Assessment in Semi-Arid Areas of Katsina State, Nigeria

The purpose of this study is to get the perspectives of the local communities on the extent of woody vegetation changes in semi-arid area of Katsina state, northern Nigeria. Participatory Rural praisal, Focus Group Discussion and Interview were used in the data collection. It was found that large percentages of the dominant woody species in the area are declining or completely disappeared. Only two exotic species and very few indigenous species were reported to be increasing. It is suggested that conservation effort should not be restricted only to the threaten species, the entire study area should be considered for immediate intervention.

Assessing the Potential of Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in Bio-monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution in Urban Katsina, Northern Nigeria

The study assessed the use of Neem tree (Azadirachta indica)as a possible bio-monitor to effectively manage increased atmospheric pollution in Katsina Metropolis. In the light of this, leaves and bark samples of Neem tree were collected in KofarKaura, KofarKwaya and KofarMarusa (and at a control site located about 17km from the Katsina city) and analyzed for Cd, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe using spectrophometer. The results obtained indicated clearly that the three areas of large human activity (KofarKwaya, KofarKaura and KofarMarusa) contained generally higher level of Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe than the control site. Of the six metals, Zn, Pb and Fe have the highest concentrations and Cu, Mn the least. The high levels of Pb and Zn were attributed to their use in petroleum products being heavily consumed in activities carried out in the activity areas. Levels of the metals are generally above the safety levels prescribed by international standards. In addition, it would affect human health because of the widespread use of leaves, seeds and barks of the specie for medicinal purposes. The heavy metal concentrations in bark, leaves and soil ofAzadirachtaindica (Neem) in the study area suggests that automobiles constitute a major source of atmospheric heavy metals pollution into the urban environment of Katsina city

A Model for Dynamic Routing of Multiuser Communication Network

In this paper a dynamic model for competitive routing in multi user communication network is presented. Dynamics has been introduced by considering the status of the communication network over a period of time, time dependence of link capacity and availability, and accordingly the cost function. We use game theoretical concepts to analyze this model. We assume that each user of the communication network can control the amount of flow to optimize his gain (or to minimize cost).

Accuracy of Peripheral and Central Venous Blood Gas Analysis in Evaluating Patients with Respiratory Failure

Objectives: Arterial blood samples are the gold standard test but these are more difficult to get than venous samples. In this study we assessed the possibility of utilization of venous (peripheral and central) blood gas samples in evaluation of subjects with respiratory failure instead of arterial samples. Methods: critically ill subjects with respiratory failure had paired venous (peripheral and central) and arterial samples taken. Assessment of agreement between blood gas samples (arterial and venous) as regard PH, Pco2 and HCO3 was done using Bland–Altman analyses. The spearmen correlation and linear regression tests were also performed to assess the degree of association between arterial and venous samples. Results: 100subjects were included. A good agreement was found between venous (peripheral and central) and arterial values of pHand HCO3.The agreements between peripheral venous and arterial PH and HCO3 values is higher than agreements between arterial and central venous measures. Conclusions: venous blood gas analysis (mainly peripheral samples) could replace arterial blood gas analysis in the evaluation of acid base balance in subjects with respiratory failure

Factors Influencing Tobacco Production among Contracted Farmers in Kenya: A Case of Bungoma County

In Kenya tobacco is grown by about 20,000 small scale contracted and non-contracted farmers on over 15,000 hectares of land. Current annual production is estimated at 16,000 tons per year. Despite tobacco being grown intensively in some regions in Kenya, it is not a significant crop in terms of broader national agricultural production with recent government data indicating that it constitutes a mere 0.6% of total agricultural gross marketed production(Republic of Kenya 2015). Whereas contract farming has empirical validation on improving farmers’ income, there are production constraints that accompany it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing tobacco production among contracted farmers in Kenya: A case of Bungoma County. The objective of the study was toestablish the extent to which demographic characteristics influence tobacco production among contracted farmers in Bungoma County. The study was built on the theory of economic efficiency. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the factors influencing tobacco production. From a target population of 3000, a sample of 341 was selected. Semi-structured questionnaire was used as instrument of data collection. Content validity was measured through expert judgment while reliability measured by use of test re-test method and Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of correlation [r] determined from the two samples. The strong positive coefficient [r], greater than 0.7 was considered. The data obtained was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and presented in tables. The study established that Educational level greatly influenced tobacco production with most of the farmers having attained only secondary education. Both age and gender had weak insignificant negative correlation with tobacco production.The study therefore recommends that farmers should prioritize education to equip them with necessary knowledge and skills to improve on-field tobacco management practices

Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

The present investigation describes the development of genetically engineered tomato plants with annexin gene. The alkaline lysis method is used to isolate the plasmid DNA of pUC 19 vector having the desired Annexin gene (3Kbp) and the plasmid DNA of the binary vector pGPTV (13 Kbp) from E.coli (DH5α strain). The purified pUC 19/Annexin and pGPTV plasmid were restriction digested using the restriction enzymes EcoRI and XbaI as a linearised band was eluted from the gel. The digested plasmid shown in the band pattern in the gel were cut by gel elution technique and purified from other reaction mixture. Then the dot spot test was done to calculate the concentration of pGPTV and Annexin gene. The recombinant PGPTV plasmid with the annexin gene in Agrobacterium tumefaciens MTCC 431 was mobilized and transferred to plant system through the mobilization helper plasmid pRK2013. The kanamycin resistance gene (NPT II) was used as a selective marker. The calli used for isolating the genomic DNA which was then amplified for confirmation of annexin gene. The nptII gene of 800 bp serves as a selectable marker system in plants and its amplification confirmed the presence of annexin gene in transgenic plants by PCR method.