Teknologi Produksi Abon Daging Rusa Dengan Penambahan Herbal Sebagai Pangan Unggulan Pada Era Normal Baru

This study aims to improve the nutritional quality of venison floss by modifying the the technology process of floss making with adding red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus L) and kebar grass extract (Biophytum petersianum) as a source of natural antioxidants. The results showed that the nutritional value of floss was influenced by the use of these herbal. Supplementation of antioxidant is to potentially extend the shelf-life of floss as indicated in decreasing the value of water activity (Aw) and thiobarburic acid (TBA). The Aw value decreased from 0.756 to 0.701, and TBA decreased from 0.139 to 0.055 mg/kg. The protein of floss increased from 33.20 to 35.60%. The result also showed that the content of antioxidant increased which is indicated by the increasing of beta-carotene content from 0.0087 mg /100 gram to 0.81 mg/100 gram. Results also showed that the use of red fruit oil extract and kebar grass extract decreased the content of saturated fatty acids, meanwhile in unsaturated fatty acids it increased arachidonic fatty acids. Keywords: Antioxidant; Beta-caroten; Kebar grass; Red-fruit oil; Venison floss. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi abon daging rusa dengan memodifikasi proses teknologi produksinya dengan penambahan ekstrak minyak buah merah (Pandanus conoideus L) dan ekstrak rumput kebar (Biophytum petersianum) sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa nilai nutrisi produk olahan daging dipengaruhi oleh adanya penambahan senyawa antioksidan. Pemberian suplementasi bahan sumber antioksidan meningkatkan daya awet pada abon yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan nilai aktivitas air (Aw) dan nilai thiobarburic acid (TBA). Nilai Aw abon menurun dari 0,756 menjadi 0,701, dan nilai TBA-nya menurun dari 0,139 menjadi 0,055 mg/kg. Nilai nutrisi terjadi pada nilai protein yang meningkat dari 33,20 menjadi 35,60%. Sebagai sumber antioksidan terlihat pada peningkatan kandungan beta-karoten dari 0,0087 mg/100 gram menjadi 0,81 mg/100 gram. Faktor penting lainnya dengan penggunaan ekstrak minyak buah merah dan ekstrak rumput kebar yakni adanya penurunan yang signifikan pada kandungan asam-asam lemak jenuh, akan tetapi pada asam-asam lemak tidak jenuh terjadi peningkatan pada asam lemak arakidonat. Kata kunci: Abon rusa; Beta-karoten; Herbal antioksidant; Minyak buah-merah; Rumput kebar.

Test the Activity of the Juice and Infusion of Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) againts Ascaridia galli worms in Vitro

Kebar grass contains active compounds that can be used as herbal ingredients in the treatment of diseases. This study was conducted to test the anthelmintic activity of grass kebar against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. This study uses Kebar grass juice and infusion with a concentration of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, and 4 repetitions. Each level of the experiment is placed in each cup containing 25 ml of solution and 5 worms. Worm mortality is recorded every 2 hours. The results showed that the juice and infusion of kebar grass were concentrations of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% capable of killing worms with a mean time on the juice of Kebar grass respectively 9.5; 8; 7.5; 7 hours, and the average time for Kebar grass infusion is 9.5; 8.5; 8; 7.5 hours. The immersion time is a good variable to explain the variable of worm death at each concentration of treatment. There is an anthelmintic effect on grass juice and infuse kebar grass against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. The duration of soaking and the concentration of juice and infusion of Kebar grass in this study had a significant effect on the mortality of worms. It was concluded that the juice and grass infuse kebar(Biophytum Petersianum Klotzsch) have anthelmintic effect against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. Concentration Kebar grass juice and infuse kebar is increasing, then the shorter the time it takes to kill the worms Ascaridia galli in vitro.

PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum petersianum Klotszch) TERHADAP VIABILITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT (Mus musculus) DIABETES MELITUS

<p>Diabetes mellitus yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan mengakibatkan infertilitas yang disebabkan oleh adanya kerusakan salah satu organ reproduksi yaitu testis. Hiperglikemia atau tingginya kadar gula dalam darah berperan dalam kerusakan sel dengan cara peningkatan <em>reactive oxygen spescies</em> (ROS) sehingga terjadi stres oksidatif jaringan yang mengakibatkan radikal hidroksil. Peningkatan <em>Reactive Oxygen Species </em>(ROS) menyebabkan cedera sel melalui mekanisme peroksidasi lipid dan kerusakan oksidatif protein serta DNA. Proses lipid periksidase pada akhirnya merusak membran spermatozoa dan mitokondria DNA sehingga menyebabkan penurunan kualitas spermatozoa.</p><p><strong> </strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek ekstrak rumput kebar terhadap viabilitas spermatozoa mencit jantan (<em>Musmusculus) </em>model diabetes melitus<em>. </em>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan <em>post test only control group design</em>. Ekstrak rumput kebar menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif yaitu mencit diabates mellitus yang di sonde cmc na, kelompok kontrol positif yaitu mencit diabetes mellitus yang di sonde metformin, kelompok I, II, dan III yang di sonde ekstrak rumput kebar dengan dosis 67,5; 130; dan 270 mg/kg BB. Viabilitas spermatozoa dianalisis dengan mengambil sampel spermatozoa dari kauda epididimis.</p><p>Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan p = 0,005 (p ˂ 0,05) pada viabilitas spermatozoa mencit diabetes mellitus dan perbedaan yang bermakna pada kelompok kontrol negatif mencit dengan diabetes mellitus dengan kelompok perlakuan 3 yang diberi metformin dan ekstrak rumput kebar dosis 270 mg/kg BB. viabilitas spermatozoa pada kelompok kontrol negatif memiliki persentase terendah sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan 3 memiliki persentase tertinggi. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak rumput kebar (<em>Biophytum petersianum </em>Klotzsch) meningkatkan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit (<em>Mus </em>musculus) model diabetes melitus.</p><p> </p>

The Potential of Ethanol Extract Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) in Repairing Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Liver That Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) is a plant that contains antioxidants, vitamins, and flavonoids which are thought to be able to improve rat liver due to exposure to cigarette smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of giving ethanol extract of Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) in repairing liver damage in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. This study used an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and each of which was repeated three times. The negative group mice were fed normally, the positive control group was the rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 28 days, the first dose the rats that had been exposed to cigarette smoke for 28 days were given ethanol extract of Kebar grass dose of 0.067 mg / head / day for 28 days and at a dose The two rats that had been exposed to cigarette smoke for 28 days were given ethanol extract of grass kebar dose of 0.135 mg / head / day for 28 days. Observation of rat liver was observed under a microscope using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining and histological photomicrographs of the rat liver were analyzed descriptively by displaying histological images. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) was able to repair rat liver damage (Rattus norvegicus) including inflammatory cells, hydropic degeneration, fat degeneration, and necrosis due to exposure to cigarette smoke.

Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum) Extract

Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.) has long been known by the locals of West Papua as medicinal plant that improves fertility. The objectives of this research were to identify and determine the antioxidant activity of kebar grass crude extract through conventional method and to analyze for its antioxidant activity. Extraction method used was conventional method, performed by mixing dry kebar grass with water and boiled until the volume shrunk to 1/3 of initial volume. Analized parameters were crude extract yield, qualitative phytochemical, total phenol and antioxidant activity. Research result showed extract crude yield value of 18.32±0.01%. Qualitative phytochemical contents were dominated by flavonoid, tannin, and saponin. Total phenolic content (TPC) of crude extract was 147±1.24 mgGAE/gdw (0.688±0.01 mgGAE/gfw). Crude extract antioxidant parameter was measured as the value of inhibition, AEAC, TEAC, and IC50 where each value respectively was as followed 42.0±0.047%, 69.93±2.19 mgAE/gdw (8.30±0.26 mgAE/gfw), 65.70±1.54 mgTE/gdw (7.80±0.18 mgTE/gfw) and 0.129±0.003 mgdw (257.75±4.90 mg/L). The contribution of kebar grass TPC content to antioxidant activity is 47.38% (equal to ascorbic acid) and 44.51% (equal to trolox) which means that almost half of kebar grass crude extract’s phenolic compound act as antioxidant. The results of this research can show that the kebar grass has potential as a source of multiple antioxidants, which acts as an analogue of vitamin C and vitamin E. The antioxidant activity of the kebar grass extract can be the scientific basis for the use of kebar grass as a medicinal plant for infertility problems (curative) and as a functional food ingredient for antioxidant sources that prevent a decrease in reproductive performance (preventive).

EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL LEYDIG MENCIT (Mus musculus) JANTAN YANG DIPAPAR 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN

This study was aim to examine the effect of kebar grass extract (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) to against number leydig cells of mice (Mus musculus) by exposed 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Twenty five male mice (Mus musculus) 4 months with avarage body weight 20 g were used. These animals were divided into five groups (K(-), K(+), P1, P2 and P3). K(-) was treated with placebo, K(+) was treated by exposed TCCD single dose injection intaperitoneal 7µg/KgBw, P1 was treated by exposed TCCD single dose injection intaperitoneal 7µg/KgBw and kebar grass extract 0,045 mg/g Bw/day P2 was treated by exposed TCCD single dose injection intaperitoneal 7µg/KgBw and kebar grass extract 0,080 mg/g Bw/day, P3 was treated by exposed TCCD single dose injection intaperitoneal 7µg/KgBw and kebar grass extract 1,350 mg/g Bw/day. This research has been conducted for 53 days. The data were compared using ANOVA and Duncan test by SPSS 22.4 for windows. The result showed that Kebar Grass Extract in all of groups can prevent the damage of leydig cells in testis that exposed by TCCD significantly (p<0,05) and kebar grass extract 0,135 mg/kgBw/day can increase amount of leydig cells maximaly.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL SERTOLI MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIPAPAR 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN

This study was aimed to know the effect of Kebar grass extract on amount of mice Sertoli cell exposed by TCDD. This study was experimental study with completely randomized design. Thirty adult male mice of Mus musculus strain Balb/C, age 11 weeks and weight 25 - 30 ~were used. Mice were divided into five groups, that were: K- was control (aquadest 0) mL); K+ was injected with TCDD at dose of 7 µg/kg BW; Pl was injected with TCCD and administrated with Kebar extract (0,045 mg/ g BW/day); P2 was injected with TCCD and administrated with Kebar extract (0,080 mg/ g BW/day); P3 was injected with TCDD and administrated with Kebar extract (0,135 mg/ g BW/day). Kebar grass extract was administrated in 53 days. Mice were sacrificed and right testis organs were taken. Then, histology preparat with HE staining were made and Sertoli cells were counted. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOV A followed by Duncan test (a = 0,05). The result of this study showed that administration of Kebar grass extract affected amount of mice sertoli cells. K+ (2,92a±0,109) showed significance difference (p<0,05) compared to Pl (5,00b±0,374), P2 (7,64c±0,409) and P3 (9,68ct±0,363). Meanwhile, amount of Sertoli cells of P3 at the highest dose did not show significance difference (p>0,05) with K- (10,16<l±0,829). The conclusion of this study was administration of Kebar grass extract per oral in 53 days could maintain amount of mice Sertoli cell exposed by TCDD.

POTENSI KANDUNGAN ANTIOKSIDAN RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum Petersianum Klotzsch) TERHADAP APOPTOSIS DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS TESTIS PADA MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS) YANG DIPAPAR 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic compound in the dioxin group. This compound is a pollutant for the environment and very harmful to human health and enter the body through the mucous membranes in the mouth and the respiratory tract and can be transmitted through the placenta and lactation. The aim of this study was to know the antioxidantpotency of to resolve reproduction disturbance caused by TCDD exposure.Thirty Balb/C male mice were divided into five different groups, the negative control group, a positive control group exposed to TCDD at a dose of 7 μg/kg BW, P1 group of groups exposed to TCDD doses of 7 μg / kg BW and given Biophytum petersianum extract 0.05mg/gBB/day, group P2 group exposed to TCDD doses of 7μg/kgBW and given 0.080mg/gBB/day, and group P3 were exposed to TCDD dose of 7μg/kgBB and given the extract of Biophytum petersianum 0.135mg/gBB/day during day 2 to day 55. On the 56th day the mice were sacrificed and apoptotic examination and spermatogenic cell histopathological features were performed on the testis. The results showed that: P2 (0,433 ± 0,497; p<0,05) and P3 (0,200 ± 0,000 p<0,05) groups were the most effective group in decreasing spermatogenic cell apoptosis compared to positive control group (2,933 ± 1,5832 p<0,05). The Johnsen score result showed that P2 (9,400 ± 0,420) and P3 (9,800 ± 0,253) groups improving the histopathologic picture of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules compared to positive control group (7,20 ± 0,400) p<0,05. Conclusion of this study were Biophytum petersianum is effective to solve reproduction disturbances caused by exposure of TCDD and the P3 group is the most effective group.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum petersianum) TERHADAP DIAMETER DAN TEBAL EPITEL TUBULUS SEMINIFERUS MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIPAPAR 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of kebar grass on the diameter and epithelium thickness of seminiferous tubules. Twenty male mice of BALB/C strain with an average weight of 25 gram were used in this research. Total five experimental groups (4 mice each group) were treated with combination of TCDD and kebar grass extract designed as follows: (C-) 0mg/g BW/day dan 0µg/kg BW, (C+) 0mg/g BW/day and 7µg/kg BW, (T1) 0,045mg/g BW/day and 7µg/kg BW, (T2) 0,080mg/g BW/day and 7µg/kg BW, (T3) 0,1350mg/g BW/day and 7µg/kg BW. The TCDD was injected peritoneally in single dose while kebar grass extract was given orally everyday for 53 days. The results showed a significant difference (p<0,05) on group which is treated with kebar grass extract 0,135mg/ g BW/ day is proven could maintain the diameter of seminiferous tubules in T3 group (170,5μmb ± 0,65μm) compared with C+ group (129,50μma ± 8,42μm). Significant difference of epithelial thickness were also found between the control and treatment groups (p<0,05). The C+ group (33,57μmb ± 1,61μm) was different from the T1 group (43,80μmc ± 1,46μm), T2 (48,49μmd ± 1,08μm), T3 (52,15μme ± 0,86μm) and C- (56,17μma ± 1,35μm). This findings might suggest TCDD has the potential to decrease the epithelium thickness and the diameter of seminiferous tubules, while kebar grass extract in various dose were proven to be able maintain the epithelium thickness of seminiferous tubules but could not maintain the diameter of seminiferous tubules.