A Study of Chronic Foot Ulcers for diabetic patients

The local factors of the diabetic foot ulcer are peripheral neuropathy, anatomic foot deformity, trauma, improperly fitted shoes, and history of foot ulceration or lower limb elimination in the past, oedema, callus, incomplete joint mobility and irregular foot pressures. There is a triad of neuropathy, trauma and deformity seen in about two-thirds of the diabetic foot ulcer patients. The other risk factors are dry or fissured skin, toe-web tinea and onychomycosis. In some studies, there are sexual differences and ethnic elements.The international agreement on the diabetic foot devised a foot risk criteria with increased risk for foot ulceration by categorizing foot risk. Patients who have no neuropathy and no history of foot ulcer in the past are said to be low-risk patients. The annual occurrence of a diabetic foot ulcer is predictable to be 2 to 3%. There are two important functions of the foot. They support the body weight as well as act as a lever to propel the body during walking and running. The foot is composed of many small bones so that it can adapt itself while walking on uneven surfaces, rather than being made of single bone which makes it harder to walk on such surfaces. Several risk factors act together and lead to the formation of the foot in diabetes patients. It can be approximately separated into local factors and general or systemic factors. The general factors include poor glycemic control, the period of diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal disease, visual loss or blindness and old age. The local factors are peripheral neuropathy, anatomic foot deformity, trauma, improperly fitted shoes, history of foot ulceration or lower limb amputation in the past, oedema, callus, imperfect joint mobility and abnormal foot pressures. There is a triad of neuropathy, trauma and deformity seen in about two-thirds of the diabetic foot ulcer patients.

A Study of Chronic Foot Ulcers for Diabetic Patients

The local factors of the diabetic foot ulcer are peripheral , anatomic foot deformity, trauma, improperly fitted shoes, and history of foot ulceration or lower limb elimination in the past, , callus, incomplete joint mobility and irregular foot pressures. There is a triad of , trauma and deformity seen in about two-thirds of the diabetic foot ulcer patients. The other risk factors are dry or skin, toe-web and . In some studies, there are sexual differences and ethnic elements. international agreement on the diabetic foot devised a foot risk criteria with increased risk for foot ulceration by categorizing foot risk. Patients who have no and no history of foot ulcer in the past are said to be low-risk patients. The annual occurrence of a diabetic foot ulcer is predictable to be 2 to 3%. There are two important functions of the foot. They support the body weight as well as act as a lever to propel the body during walking and running. The foot is composed of many small bones so that it can adapt itself while walking on uneven surfaces, rather than being made of single bone which makes it harder to walk on such surfaces. Several risk factors act together and lead to the formation of the foot in diabetes patients. It can be approximately separated into local factors and general or systemic factors. The general factors include poor control, the period of diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal disease, visual loss or blindness and old age. The local factors are peripheral , anatomic foot deformity, trauma, improperly fitted shoes, history of foot ulceration or lower limb amputation in the past, , callus, imperfect joint mobility and abnormal foot pressures. There is a triad of , trauma and deformity seen in about two-thirds of the diabetic foot ulcer patients.

Prevalence and Types of Pulmonary Disability in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reϑlux Disease (GERD)

GERD is found to be one of the risk factors for various pulmonary disorders, like Obstructive Airway Disease, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Interstitial Lung Diseases either directly or as a confounding factor. Due to higher Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in GERD patients, early diagnosis and Appropriate management can control disease progression and outcome of both conditions. GERD is found to be one of the risk factors for many pulmonary diseases, especially Obstructive Airway Disease, either directly or as a confounding factor and Data on the severity of OAD in symptomatically and endoscopically proven GERD patients are limited in the Indian population, This learning was undertaken to find out the pervasiveness of pulmonary diseases in patients with proven Gastro Esophageal Reflux Diseases (GERD) and to find out the correlation of Symptoms of GERD and Endoscopic finding findings of GERD with the severity of Obstructive Airway Disease using Spirometric Parameters. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, typically categorized by persistent airway infection. It is described with the aid of the history of breathing symptoms together with wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough that vary over time and in intensity, collectively with mutable expiratory airflow restriction. This study focuses on studying the occurrence and types of pulmonary disability in patients with GERD in a tertiary care hospital and on correlating the Symptoms and Endoscopic findings of GERD with the severity of Obstructive Airway Disease as assessed by Spirometric Parameters.

Efficient techniques for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Today, in a generation of technological improvements, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (L.C.) is the selection for the treatment of symptomatic illnesses of gallbladder like cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Legitimate pain control is essential for advancing scientific outcomes and previous ambulation after surgery. Results aren't suitable for daycare surgeries. It is minimally invasive with much less postoperative ache, rapid recuperation, lesser health facility live and return to everyday interest on the earliest1. Though laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a slightly invasive surgical procedure with more secondary perioperative pain scores assessment to open procedures, it is present with enormous ranges of postoperative ache. The present prospective, unmarried blinded, randomized manipulate study protected sixty patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and aimed to compare the postoperative analgesia between the posterior transversus abdominis plane block and subcostal transversus abdominis aircraft block. The patients were randomly allotted to 2 businesses- Group 1 consisted of patients who received posterior T.A.P. block with zero. 2% Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kg and Group 2 consisted of patients who obtained subcostal T.A.P. block with zero.2% Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kg. All patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. At the quit of the surgical operation earlier than extubation, both one of the blocks were executed on the affected person underneath ultrasound steering by the identical anaesthesiologist. The objectives of the study were to compare the postoperative pain relief based on VAS at rest and VAS at deep breathing, to compare the time taken for the administration of rescue analgesia (duration of analgesia) and to compare the time taken to perform the block.

Anti-tuberculosis Property of Various Extracts of Lannea against multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis had been a stubborn disease that human beings are combating with from ages. It is a disease that affects the pulmonary system, basically the trachea and upper respiratory organs. It is caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacteria in the respiratory tract will cause infection and inflammation in the respiratory passages. It leads to narrowing and pain, which results in difficulty in breathing. There had been raising the confidence of the safety and potency of the herbs and medicinal plants. We have been using herbs to treat many diseases. The diseases that are caused primarily due to the viruses and bacteria are effectively treated using herbs in the traditional systems of medicine. One such plant is Lannea coramandelica which is proven to treat many diseases and is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. The leaves of lannea were extracted using various solvents based on the polarity. It was then investigated for the anti-bacterial property against mycobacterium tuberculosis. All the extracts showed potency by inhibiting the bacteria, but Methanol and aqueous extracts showed a significantly better activity compared to the standard.

Clinico - Radiological and pulmonary function profile of treated pulmonary Tuberculosis patients

Tuberculosis causes most number of deaths due to infections worldwide. Around 9.0 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths registered worldwide of which 360,000 were HIV positive. One fourth of the global TB encumbrance occurs in India, making it the most important public health problem facing this country. It is estimated that out of 9.0 million cases worldwide, 2.3 million cases were reported in India. TB control program of India is on track as far as reduction in the disease burden. There is 42% lessening in humanity since 1990 and 51% lessening in TB pervasiveness as associated to 1990. Further, TB pervasiveness has concentrated from 40 lakhs to 28 lakhs annually from 1990. A total of 9,28,190 smear positive TB cases were diagnosed and 14,10,880 were registered for treatment under RNTCP. It has become a major barrier to our socioeconomic development. Tuberculosis (TB) still remains as the most common communicable disease. It is estimated that 21% of the global TB burden occurs in India. Two in every five Indians are infected with tuberculosis and two persons die every minute because of tuberculosis in India. This study focuses to study the clinico-radiological profile of treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients and to evaluate the risk factors that can influence the treatment outcome in a tertiary care hospital and to evaluate the type of limitation in lung function by spirometry in treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

A Prospective Study on Surgeries Under General Anaesthesia

The demonstration of laryngoscopy and intubation evokes reflex tachycardia and hypertension and dysrhythmias. Even though this weight rejoinder is fleeting, it is sufficiently significant to reason undesired results on a cardiovascular machine-like dysrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. These cardiovascular variations are dangerous in matured, hypertensive, and ischemic coronary illness victims fundamental legitimately to myocardial localized necrosis or dysrhythmias. This forthcoming, randomized, twofold blinded, study assessed the adequacy of the unmarried oral portion of 150mg Pregabalin and 100mcg Clonidine given an hour before acceptance on the constriction of hemodynamic reaction to tracheal and laryngoscopy intubation. Sixty ASA1 and two or three patient of 15 to 65 year age establishment of together genders experiencing surgery have been randomized into organizations Group-C – a hundred mcg Clonidine Group-P – 150mg Pregabalin General sedative strategies have been normalized. Heart charge, systolic, diastolic, and propose blood strain had been chronicled at standard and 1min, 3min, and 5 minutes subsequently laryngoscopy and intubation. Results have been arranged, and measurable examination transformed into accomplished the utilization of Microsoft exceed expectations and SPSS programming program. Understudy t-test was utilized for measurable factors and chi-square test for subjective factors. With the victims coordinated for segment contours, the outcomes affirmed that there was no impressive distinction in pattern hemodynamic factors among the two gatherings. There become inherently less height in blood strain subsequent laryngoscopy and intubation in pregabalin gathering. Even though tachycardia happened in the two associations subsequent intubation, the expansion heart cost was less in pregabalin foundation.

A Study on Various Approaches of Functional Outcome of Distal Femur Fractures

The usual mechanism of injury is high energy trauma, more often a road traffic accident (RTA) in a younger population and a domestic accident, more often a fall in elderly people. Distal femoral fractures are reported to have high morbidity and mortality associated with them. Many studies have recommended, through radiological examination, including evaluation by CT scan, considering the high proportion of distal femur fractures involving intraarticular surface, apart from routine clinical examination. As high as 55% of the distal femur fractures are reported to involve intra-articular surface.Fractures of the distal femur are relatively rare but are said to have severe consequences. The reported frequency of distal femur fractures among overall fractures is about 0.4%, and they constitute about 3% of femoral fractures. Many studies have also advised that the presence of pulsation may mislead the clinician, as it is a poor indicator of the absence of vascular injury and have recommended proper tests to rule out this serious associated injury. A femoral nerve block is indicated and recommended by the same authors in the emergency room. Various internal fixation methods have evolved over the last few decades and are in clinical practice to target distal femur fractures. Many prospective studies have been conducted in western countries to assess the long term functional outcomes of many of these techniques. But the amount of literature published on the subject relatively less from developing countries like India. Since the outcomes may heavily depend on the population characteristics, the technical skill of the surgeons and the support therapy in the preoperative period, it is the need of the hour to generate evidence specific to a particular setting, to guide future clinical decisions.

Case Report on Non-Surgical Treatment for Foot Corn

Calluses and corns are almost similar in origin which reflects as thick, hardened layers of skin that develops when one’s own skin develops its own defense mechanism to protect itself against friction and pressure. Feet, toes fingers and hands are the most commonly affected areas with corn. Corns are usually unsightly. Treatment for corns is required only if it cause any discomfort for daily day-to-day activities. In most of the cases, by simply eliminating the source of friction or pressure makes corns to disappear by its own. Diabetes patients are usually at high risk of developing corns due to poor blood circulation to the feet. A 22 years old female patient was admitted to female general medicine with chief complaints of hardened skin at 5 sites over the sole, which had pin pricked pain at the time of walking, which made daily activities at great discomfort. On examination patient presented with 5 raisen and hardened bump like structures on the sole of right leg, which is given in the figure 1. Patient was completely recovered from foot corns after regular use of 12% w/w salicylic acid ointment twice a day for a period of 15 days. Thus, form the case report it is clear that non-surgical procedure helps to treat foot corns appropriately and counseling sis mandatory in cases with corns to prevent future growth of corns

Bullous Lichen Sclerosus ET Atrophicus in a Child

Lichen Sclerosus Et Atrophicus (LSA) is an enduring atrophic ailment affecting the skin and mucosa. Lesions can encompass genital or superfluous genital skin. Genital LSA is further common in females than males. Girls as young as two years to woman as old as in the seventh decade are affected, having two peak ages of onset, the pre-pubertal and the post-menopausal. Bullous variant of this disease has been testified in extra genital LSA. We report a four year old girl with bullous variant of genital LSA.