Liquid Fraction of Digestate and Air Scrubber Water as Sources for Mineral N

Ammonium sulfate, dairy cattle liquid manure and the “liquid" and “solid" fractions from the manure were separately added to 300-g samples of a loam soil at the rate of 250 μg N/g of soil and incubated in the laboratory at 22 C and 60% water-holding capacity. The Brunisolic soil sample used contained 20% clay which was largely vermiculite. Subsamples were removed at intervals for analysis of nitrate, exchangeable and fixed ammonium, Warburg studies of respiration rate and the distribution of organic N. One series of duplicate samples was leached with water three times during the course of the experiment which was over a year. About half of the nitrogen of the manure was in the NH4+ form and the exchangeable N from this as well as that from (NH4)2SO4 was rapidly nitrified (in about 3 wk) in both the leached and unleached series. About 40% of the NH4+-N of the manure and fertilizer was fixed by the clay and this was nitrified more slowly. With the fertilizer-NH4+, the fixed-N was reduced after about a year to a value slightly above that of the control soil at the beginning of the experiment. With the manure and its liquid fraction a smaller proportion of the "added" fixed NH4+ was nitrified. There was no increase in fixed-NH4+, nitrate or exchangeable NH4+ throughout the experiment with the solid fraction, although with the control soil more than 100 μg/g of nitrate was formed. There was a slight increase in amino compounds, amino acids and amino sugars, from 31 to 245 days. The amounts of these compounds were highest with the solid -fraction-treated soil and lowest with the control. The oxygen uptake was highest with solid -amended soil at all times; after about 180 days the soils treated with the other materials had the same oxygen uptake as the control soil. Leaching of the soil removed the nitrate formed but did not appear to have any other effect. Three leachings, the last after 245 days, removed 113 μg mineral-N/g soil from the control and only 144 μg/g from the manure-treated soil although 142 μg NH4+-N/g soil had been added to the latter. Clay fixation and immobilization had apparently "tied up" most of the added mineral-N.

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Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from the Concentrated Liquid Fraction of Pig Slurries

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2019/9283106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

G. L. Velthof ◽

R. P. J. J. Rietra

Keyword(s):

Liquid Fraction ◽

N Uptake ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Greenhouse Experiment ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

N Recovery ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Incubation Experiment ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Mineral N

Processed manure can be an alternative source of nutrients for untreated manure and mineral fertilizers. Mineral concentrates (MCs) are derived from reversed osmosis of the liquid fraction of separated pig slurries. The emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from different (processed) manures and fertilizers were tested in an incubation experiment and a greenhouse experiment with grass as a test crop. Dry matter yields and nitrogen (N) uptake were also determined in the greenhouse experiment. Incorporation into the soil decreased on NH3 emission but increased N2O emission for all nitrogen products (mineral fertilizer, untreated slurry, MC, and solid fraction of separated slurry). Incorporation of both MC, slurries, and mineral fertilizers increased N2O emission in the incubation experiment. The lowest apparent N recovery (ANR) in the pot experiment with grass was obtained for incorporated pig slurry (30–39%) and surface-applied MC (33–38%), while the highest ANRs were obtained for liquid ammonium nitrate (45–53%) and acidified MC (43–55%). It is concluded that MCs have a similar N fertilizer value as mineral N fertilizers if NH3 emission is reduced by incorporation or acidification.

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Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emissions from cattle-slurry and mineral fertiliser treated with nitrification inhibitor to an agricultural soil: A laboratory approach

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2015134-7622 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. e0305 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

José Pereira ◽

João Coutinho ◽

David Fangueiro ◽

Henrique Trindade

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Cattle Slurry ◽

Mineral N ◽

Mineral Fertiliser ◽

Dominant Process

The application of organic and mineral fertilisers to soil can result in increased gaseous emissions to the atmosphere such as nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases. The aim of this study was to evaluate under laboratory conditions the effects on mineral N dynamics and NO and N2O emissions of application to soil of cattle slurry derived liquid fraction (LF) obtained by screw press and mineral fertiliser (MF), both treated with or without the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). An aerobic laboratory incubation was performed over 93 days with a Dystric Cambisol amended with mechanically separated LF or mineral fertiliser ammonium sulphate only or combined with DMPP. Two additional treatments were included: soil only and soil amended with DMPP. Nitrogen immobilisation was the dominant process with MF amendment, whereas N mineralisation has been observed with LF. The application of LF reduced significantly NO emissions by 80% relative to mineral but no differences were observed with N2O emissions. The addition of DMPP to MF induced a decrease of 18 and 29% in NO and N2O emissions whereas DMPP combined with LF reduced (numerically but not statistically) these emissions in 20 and 10%, respectively. Results obtained in our study suggest that N (NO + N2O) losses can be mitigated by adding DMPP to mineral fertilisers or replacing mineral fertiliser by LF.

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Increasing corn distillers solubles alters the liquid fraction of the ruminal microbiome

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas2016.1361 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 3540

Author(s):

J. C. McCann ◽

J. R. Segers ◽

H. Derakhshani ◽

T. L. Felix ◽

E. Khafipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Fraction ◽

Corn Distillers

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Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0475 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (3-5) ◽

pp. 691-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. P. Craig ◽

R. R. Weil

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽

Grain Production ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Mineral N ◽

Low Input ◽

No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

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Legumes increase grassland productivity with no effect on nitrous oxide emissions

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-019-04338-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 446 (1-2) ◽

pp. 163-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arlete S. Barneze ◽

Jeanette Whitaker ◽

Niall P. McNamara ◽

Nicholas J. Ostle

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

N Uptake ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Mineral N ◽

Grassland Productivity

Abstract Aims Grasslands are important agricultural production systems, where ecosystem functioning is affected by land management practices. Grass-legume mixtures are commonly cultivated to increase grassland productivity while reducing the need for nitrogen (N) fertiliser. However, little is known about the effect of this increase in productivity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in grass-legume mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between the proportion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures and N-fertiliser addition on productivity and GHG emissions. We tested the hypotheses that an increase in the relative proportion of legumes would increase plant productivity and decrease GHG emissions, and the magnitude of these effects would be reduced by N-fertiliser addition. Methods This was tested in a controlled environment mesocosm experiment with one grass and one legume species grown in mixtures in different proportions, with or without N-fertiliser. The effects on N cycling processes were assessed by measurement of above- and below-ground biomass, shoot N uptake, soil physico-chemical properties and GHG emissions. Results Above-ground productivity and shoot N uptake were greater in legume-grass mixtures compared to grass or legume monocultures, in fertilised and unfertilised soils. However, we found no effect of legume proportion on N2O emissions, total soil N or mineral-N in fertilised or unfertilised soils. Conclusions This study shows that the inclusion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures positively affected productivity, however N cycle were in the short-term unaffected and mainly affected by nitrogen fertilisation. Legumes can be used in grassland management strategies to mitigate climate change by reducing crop demand for N-fertilisers.

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Microplastic contamination in a conventional wastewater treatment plant in Thailand

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x20982055 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0734242X2098205

Author(s):

Katekanya Tadsuwan ◽

Sandhya Babel

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Sludge Sample ◽

Global Environmental ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment

Plastic waste has become a global environmental concern. One type of plastic waste is microplastics (MPs), which can spread easily in the environment. Wastewater effluent is one of the land-based sources of MPs. This study investigates the amount of microplastic (MP) pollution in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Thailand. Water samples were collected and examined to find the types, morphology and sources of MPs. Wastewater was filtered through a set of sieves ranging from 5 mm to 0.05 mm. Sludge samples were also collected to find the potential risk from the application of dried sewage sludge. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the types of MPs. The amount of MPs in the influent was 26.6 ± 11.8 MPs/L. More than one-third of MP particles were removed after a grit trap, followed by 14.24% removal in the secondary treatment. If the peak flow rate of the WWTP is reached, 2.32 × 109 MP particles can be released daily. The amount of MPs in a sludge sample was 8.12 ± 0.28 × 103 particles/kg dry weight. Dry sludge is one of the potential sources of MP contamination in agricultural soil. Most MPs in the liquid fraction and sludge sample were fibres. Results from FTIR analysis showed that the major types of MPs in the WWTP were polyester fibres, followed by polypropylene, polyethylene, silicone polymer and polystyrene. This finding indicates that a conventional WWTP may act as a path by which MPs enter the environment.

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Liquid fraction profile in a liquid foam under an applied voltage

Physical Review Fluids ◽

10.1103/physrevfluids.3.110505 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne-Laure Biance ◽

Oriane Bonhomme

Keyword(s):

Applied Voltage ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Liquid Foam

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Biosolids Benefit Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Winter Cereals without Excess Risk of N Leaching

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1482

Author(s):

Silvia Pampana ◽

Alessandro Rossi ◽

Iduna Arduini

Keyword(s):

Triticum Turgidum ◽

N Uptake ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

N Leaching ◽

Specific Rate ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Mineral N ◽

Winter Cereals

Winter cereals are excellent candidates for biosolid application because their nitrogen (N) requirement is high, they are broadly cultivated, and their deep root system efficiently takes up mineral N. However, potential N leaching from BS application can occur in Mediterranean soils. A two-year study was conducted to determine how biosolids affect biomass and grain yield as well as N uptake and N leaching in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch). Cereals were fertilized at rates of 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 dry weight (called B5, B10, and B15, respectively) of biosolids (BS). Mineral-fertilized (MF) and unfertilized (C) controls were included. Overall, results highlight that BS are valuable fertilizers for winter cereals as these showed higher yields with BS as compared to control. Nevertheless, whether 5 Mg ha−1 of biosolids could replace mineral fertilization still depended on the particular cereal due to the different yield physiology of the crops. Moreover, nitrate leaching from B5 was comparable to MF, and B15 increased the risk by less than 30 N-NO3 kg ha−1. We therefore concluded that with specific rate settings, biosolid application can sustain yields of winter cereals without significant additional N leaching as compared to MF.

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Nitrogen fertilizer value of animal slurries with different proportions of liquid and solid fractions: A 3-year study under field conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000083 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Betina Nørgaard Pedersen ◽

Bent T. Christensen ◽

Luca Bechini ◽

Daniele Cavalli ◽

Jørgen Eriksen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Fraction ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Organic N ◽

First Year ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Total N ◽

Plant Availability ◽

Loamy Sand Soil

Abstract The plant availability of manure nitrogen (N) is influenced by manure composition in the year of application whereas some studies indicate that the legacy effect in following years is independent of the composition. The plant availability of N in pig and cattle slurries with variable contents of particulate matter was determined in a 3-year field study. We separated cattle and a pig slurry into liquid and solid fractions by centrifugation. Slurry mixtures with varying proportions of solid and liquid fraction were applied to a loamy sand soil at similar NH4+-N rates in the first year. Yields and N offtake of spring barley and undersown perennial ryegrass were compared to plots receiving mineral N fertilizer. The first year N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of total N in slurry mixtures decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction. The second and third season NFRV averaged 6.5% and 3.8% of total N, respectively, for cattle slurries, and 18% and 7.5% for pig slurries and was not related to the proportion of solid fraction. The estimated net N mineralization of residual organic N increased nearly linearly with growing degree days (GDD) with a rate of 0.0058%/GDD for cattle and 0.0116%/GDD for pig slurries at 2000–5000 GDD after application. In conclusion NFRV of slurry decreased with increasing proportion of solid fraction in the first year. In the second year, NFRV of pig slurry N was significantly higher than that of cattle slurry N and unaffected by proportion between solid and liquid fraction.

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