Replicable types and subtypes of personality: Spanish NEO‐PI samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S25-S41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Boehm ◽  
Jens B. Asendorpf ◽  
Maria D. Avia
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Two Samples

Three major personality prototypes were derived on the basis of a Big Five instrument (NEO‐PI) by means of replicated cluster analysis in two Spanish samples (a sample from the general population and a student sample). The replicability of the three prototypes within and their consistency between the two samples were evaluated. In addition, subtypes were analysed in a similar way. Finally, the relation between prototype assignment and level of education was examined in the sample from the general population. Within‐study replicability was satisfactory only for the student sample. Comparison with the results for a similar instrument (NEO‐PI‐R) applied to a German sample showed satisfactory consistency only for the student sample. Discussion centres on the strong sample dependency of the results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Self-Regulation of Behaviour: Students Versus other Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Jakesova ◽  
Peter Gavora ◽  
Jan Kalenda
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Orientation Scores ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
Sample Age

<p class="p1">The objective of this research is to compare self-regulation of behaviour of two Czech samples. The first one was the representative sample of Czech adults that consisted of 1060 respondents. The second sample was university students and consisted of 1244 respondents. The measuring tool was an adapted Self-Regulation Questionnaire of which two dimensions were used: Goal Orientation and Impulsivity. The findings showed no statistically significant differences between the two samples in either of the dimensions. Goal Orientation scores were higher than Impulsivity scores, which was in line with our assumptions. There were no statistically significant differences in Goal Orientation scores between genders, with the exception of prevalence of females in the student sample. Age appeared to be an important factor that affects scores in Goal Orientation in both samples, while in Impulsivity it only differentiated among the students. The level of education proved to be an important factor that differentiates among those with high and low impulsivity rather than in goal orientation </p>

How Do People Share Their Positive Events?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara A. Palmer ◽  
Meagan A. Ramsey ◽  
Jennifer N. Morey ◽  
Amy L. Gentzler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Sharing Patterns ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. Research suggests that sharing positive events with others is beneficial for well-being, yet little is known about how positive events are shared with others and who is most likely to share their positive events. The current study expanded on previous research by investigating how positive events are shared and individual differences in how people share these events. Participants (N = 251) reported on their likelihood to share positive events in three ways: capitalizing (sharing with close others), bragging (sharing with someone who may become jealous or upset), and mass-sharing (sharing with many people at once using communication technology) across a range of positive scenarios. Using cluster analysis, five meaningful profiles of sharing patterns emerged. These profiles were associated with gender, Big Five personality traits, narcissism, and empathy. Individuals who tended to brag when they shared their positive events were more likely to be men, reported less agreeableness, less conscientiousness, and less empathy, whereas those who tended to brag and mass-share reported the highest levels of narcissism. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for the growing body of research on sharing positive events.

Personality of Clown Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dionigi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Big Five Personality

Abstract. In recent years, both professional and volunteer clowns have become familiar in health settings. The clown represents a peculiar humorist’s character, strictly associated with the performer’s own personality. In this study, the Big Five personality traits (BFI) of 155 Italian clown doctors (130 volunteers and 25 professionals) were compared to published data for the normal population. This study highlighted specific differences between clown doctors and the general population: Clown doctors showed higher agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion, as well as lower neuroticism compared to other people. Moreover, specific differences emerged comparing volunteers and professionals: Professional clowns showed significantly lower in agreeableness compared to their unpaid colleagues. The results are also discussed with reference to previous studies conducted on groups of humorists. Clowns’ personalities showed some peculiarities that can help to explain the facility for their performances in the health setting and that are different than those of other groups of humorists.

Personality Profile of Risk-Takers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Joseph ◽  
Don C. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
Risk Taker ◽  
Propensity Scale

Abstract. Risk-taking is a long-standing area of inquiry among psychologists and economists. In this paper, we examine the personality profile of risk-takers in two independent samples. Specifically, we examined the association between the Big Five facets and risk-taking propensity across two measures: The Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT) and the General Risk Propensity Scale (GRiPS). At the Big Five domain level, we found that extraversion and agreeableness were the primary predictors of risk-taking. However, facet-level analyses revealed that responsibility, a facet of conscientiousness, explained most of the total variance accounted for by the Big Five in both risk-taking measures. Based on our findings across two samples ( n = 764), we find that the personality profile of a risk-taker is extraverted, open to experiences, disagreeable, emotionally stable, and irresponsible. Implications for the risk measurement are discussed.

scholarly journals Loneliness effects on personality

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Franz J. Neyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Using Data

Individuals feel lonely when they perceive a discrepancy between their desired and their actually experienced quantity and quality of social relationships. Prior research has demonstrated the importance of loneliness for various health-related aspects. In the present article, we extend the existing literature on loneliness by investigating its role for predicting personality traits and their development from late adolescence to early midlife. Using data from a representative German sample ( N = 12,402) sampling individuals from three different birth cohorts, we found loneliness to predict the levels of all Big Five traits except openness five years later. The effects of loneliness on the development of neuroticism and extraversion reached statistical significance but were only marginal in terms of effect size. Furthermore, we found that a self-regulatory focus geared to the prevention of negative events mediated the effects of loneliness on later levels of the Big Five.

Career Indecision Profile-65 Scores: Test–Retest Reliability and Measurement Equivalence in College and Noncollege Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey J. Zobell ◽  
Margaret M. Nauta ◽  
Matthew S. Hesson-McInnis
Keyword(s):  
Career Counseling ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Career Indecision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
College Student Sample ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The Career Indecision Profile-65 (CIP-65) is a relatively new measure of career indecision that appears to have promise for use in career counseling and research. We sought to expand the information available to those evaluating the CIP-65 for potential use by assessing its measurement equivalence in college ( N = 529) and noncollege ( N = 472) samples and its scores’ test–retest reliability in a subset of the college–student sample ( n = 107). Six-week test–retest reliability coefficients ranged from .58 (interpersonal conflicts) to .85 (choice/commitment anxiety) for the subscale scores. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the CIP-65’s four-factor structure fit the data well in both the college and noncollege samples. The CIP-65 scores were configurally invariant in the two samples, but we did not find support for metric invariance. We offer explanations for these findings, discuss implications for practice, and present ideas for future research.

Kinds or Tails?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Machery
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Epistemological Question ◽  
Distinct Kind

Are psychiatric syndromes the tails of traits distributed over the general population or do they form distinct kinds or taxa? For instance, do individuals suffering from depression form a distinct kind or rather are they the tail of the distribution of neuroticism in the general population? Do people suffering from delusions form a distinct kind or rather are they individuals with an extreme openness to experience? Before being able to answer such questions, we must address a preliminary question: How would we know whether psychiatric syndromes should be treated as taxa or as the tails of distributions defined over the general population? To address this preliminary epistemological question, I first contrast informal methods (e.g., clinical judgment) and formal methods (e.g., cluster analysis), arguing for the superiority of the latter. I then examine some of the formal methods developed in taxometrics, including cluster analysis and Paul Meehl’s taxometric procedures (e.g., MAXCOV or MAMBAC), in order to understand what assumptions about kinds or taxa are built into them.

University Student Absenteeism

2014 ◽  
pp. 454-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier M. Triado ◽  
Pilar Aparicio-Chueca ◽  
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos ◽  
Natalia Jaría-Chacón ◽  
Maribel Peró Cebollero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
University Student ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Interesting Topic ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Performance Profiles ◽  
Student Absenteeism

Work on university student absenteeism is an interesting topic that treats motivation problems and its important consequences, like dropout, but is not easy to measure. In this chapter, the authors make a revision of the concept and an empirical approach to the possible reasons of student absenteeism through multivariate analyses—which the students themselves believe to be justified—and those offered by the faculty members in the case of the authors’ big school (with nine studies and 12,000 students), of the authors’ university (with 70,000 students), in the authors’ country. The analysis was carried out on two samples (1,161 students and 181 professors), which indicates that the reasons offered by each population are not the same. Through a cluster analysis, it is possible to identify six student performance profiles, which sheds some light on understanding this fact and the opportunity to suggest some ways of action.

scholarly journals Age Differences across Adulthood in Interpretations of Situations and Situation–Behaviour Contingencies for Big Five States

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik E. Noftle ◽  
Charleen J. Gust
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Total N ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Scant Attention

In the last two decades, a burgeoning literature has begun to clarify the processes underlying personality traits and momentary trait–relevant behaviour. However, such work has almost exclusively investigated these questions in young adults. During the same period, much has been learned about adult personality trait development but with scant attention to the momentary processes that contribute to development. The current work connects these two topics, testing developmental questions about adult age differences and thus examining how age matters to personality processes. The study examines how four important situation characteristics are experienced in everyday life and how situations covary with Big Five trait–relevant behaviour (i.e. situation–behaviour contingencies). Two samples were collected (total N = 316), each assessing three age groups: young, middle–aged, and older adults. Using experience sampling method, participants completed reports four or five times per day across a representative period of daily life. Results suggested age differences in how situations are experienced on average, in the variability around these average situation experiences, and in situation–behaviour contingencies. The results therefore highlight that, across adulthood, age groups experience chronically different situations, differ in how much the situations they experience vary moment to moment, and differ in how much situation experience predicts their enactment of traits. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Validation of the Italian Versions of the Flourishing Scale and of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401668229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Giuntoli ◽  
Francesco Ceccarini ◽  
Claudio Sica ◽  
Corrado Caudek
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Healthy Control

Researchers are divided between those who consider well-being as a single global construct and those who maintain the need to keep the hedonic and eudaimonic components of well-being separate. Diener et al. proposed two separate scales for measuring well-being: the Flourishing Scale (FS) for eudaimonic well-being and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) for hedonic well-being. The aim of this article is to validate the Italian versions of the FS and SPANE, and to provide support for the usefulness of distinct measures of well-being components. In Study 1, we examined an Italian undergraduate student sample ( n = 684), whereas in Study 2 we considered two samples of unemployed ( n = 282) and healthy control individuals ( n = 426). Through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we demonstrated that the Italian FS and SPANE obtained strict measurement invariance across administration methods (paper-and-pencil and Internet) and strong measurement invariance across different groups (unemployed individuals seeking work and a healthy control group). In our data, we found a superior fit for a two-factor model over a one-factor model of well-being, which suggests the utility of separate measures of well-being components. Concurrent validity was verified with other well-being, depression, and anxiety measures. Furthermore, we showed that flourishing is more strongly related to the cognitive component of subjective well-being than hedonic affect. In summary, the Italian FS and SPANE are reliable and valid instruments, and may be beneficial in their applications in future Italian studies on well-being.

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