Salt Stress and MAPK Signaling in Plants

For the dissection and identification of the molecular response mechanisms to salt stress in cannabis, an experiment was conducted surveying the diversity of physiological characteristics. RNA-seq profiling was carried out to identify differential expression genes and pathway which respond to salt stress in different cannabis materials. The result of physiological diversity analyses showed that it is more sensitive to proline contents in K94 than in W20; 6 h was needed to reach the maximum in K94, compared to 12 h in W20. For profiling 0–72 h after treatment, a total of 10,149 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 249 genes exhibited significantly diverse expression levels in K94, which were clustered in plant hormone signal transduction and the MAPK signaling pathway. A total of 371 genes showed significant diversity expression variations in W20, which were clustered in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. The pathway enrichment by genes which were identified in K94 and W20 showed a similar trend to those clustered in plant hormone signal transduction pathways and MAPK signaling. Otherwise, there were 85 genes which identified overlaps between the two materials, indicating that these may be underlying genes related to salt stress in cannabis. The 86.67% agreement of the RNA-seq and qRT-PCR indicated the accuracy and reliability of the RNA-seq technique. Additionally, the result of physiological diversity was consistent with the predicted RNA-seq-based findings. This research may offer new insights into the molecular networks mediating cannabis to respond to salt stress.

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GhCIPK6a increases salt tolerance in transgenic upland cotton by involving in ROS scavenging and MAPK signaling pathways

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02548-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ying Su ◽

Anhui Guo ◽

Yi Huang ◽

Yumei Wang ◽

Jinping Hua

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Control Line ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Mapk Signaling Pathways

Abstract Background Salt stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses in production of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Upland cotton is defined as a medium salt-tolerant crop. Salinity hinders root development, shoots growth, and reduces the fiber quality. Results Our previous study verified a GhCIPK6a gene response to salt stress in G. hirsutum. The homologs of GhCIPK6a were analyzed in A2 (G. arboreum), D5 (G. raimondii), and AD1 (G. hirsutum) genomes. GhCIPK6a localized to the vacuole and cell membrane. The GhCBL1-GhCIPK6a and GhCBL8-GhCIPK6a complexes localized to the nucleus and cytomembrane. Overexpression of GhCIPK6a enhanced expression levels of co-expressed genes induced by salt stress, which scavenged ROS and involved in MAPK signaling pathways verified by RNA-seq analysis. Water absorption capacity and cell membrane stability of seeds from GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines was higher than that of wild-type seeds during imbibed germination stage. The seed germination rates and seedling field emergence percentages of GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines were higher than that of control line under salt stress. Moreover, overexpressing of GhCIPK6a in cotton increased lint percentage, and fiber length uniformity under salt stress. Conclusions We verified the function of GhCIPK6a by transformation and RNA-seq analysis. GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines exhibited higher tolerance to abiotic stresses, which functioned by involving in ROS scavenging and MAPK pathways. Therefore, GhCIPK6a has the potential for cotton breeding to improve stress-tolerance.

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RNA-Seq And WGCNA Analysis Identifies Salt-Responsive Genes In Pear (Pyrus Ussuriensis Maxim)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-847089/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiming Chen ◽

Huizhen Dong ◽

Zhihua Xie ◽

Kaijie Qi ◽

Xiaosan Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Plant Hormone ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Signal Transduction Pathways ◽

Rna Seq

Abstract Background: Pear is one of the most abundant fruit crops and has been cultivated world-wide. However, the salt injury events caused by increased salinity limited the distribution and sustainable production of pear crops. Therefore, it is needed to take further efforts to understand the genetics and mechanisms of salt tolerance to improved salt resistance and productivity.Results: In this work, we analyzed the dynamic transcriptome of pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) under salt stress by using RNA-Seq and WGCNA. A total of 3540, 3831, 8374, 6267 and 5381 genes were identified that were differentially expressed after exposure to 200mM NaCl for 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and 1163 genes were shared among the five comparisons. KEGG enrichment analysis of these DEGs (differentially expressed genes) revealed that “MAPK signaling” and “Plant hormone signal transduction” pathways were highly enriched. Meanwhile, 622 DEGs identified from WGCNA were highly correlated with these pathways, and some of them were able to indicate the salt tolerance of pear varieties. In addition, we provide a network to demonstrate the time-sequence of these co-expressed MAPK and hormone related genes.Conclusion: A comprehensive analysis about salt-responsive pear transcriptome were performed by using RNA-Seq and WGCNA. We demonstrated that “MAPK signaling” and “Plant hormone signal transduction” pathways were highly recruited during salt stress, and provided new insights into the metabolism of plant hormones related signaling at transcriptome level underlying salt resistance in pear. The dynamic transcriptome data obtained from this study and these salt-sensitive DEGs may provide potential genes as suitable targets for further biotechnological manipulation to improve pear salt tolerance.

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Gene Expression Profiles and Flavonoid Accumulation during Salt Stress in Ginkgo biloba Seedlings

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9091162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ningtao Xu ◽

Sian Liu ◽

Zhaogeng Lu ◽

Siyu Pang ◽

Lu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Salt Stress Response

Ginkgo biloba is an economically valuable tree, as a variety of flavonoid compounds are produced by the leaves of its seedlings. Although soil salinity is a serious threat to agricultural productivity worldwide, the effect of salt stress on G. biloba seedlings remains unclear. In this study, we found that under high NaCl concentrations (200 and 300 mmol/L), seedling growth was inhibited and the water content, chlorophyll, and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity were significantly decreased in the leaves, whereas the soluble protein and proline levels increased significantly. However, at low NaCl concentrations (50 and 100 mmol/L), the seedlings grew normally because of the regulation of catalase (CAT) and POD enzyme activities. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind G. biloba salt tolerance, we examined the transcriptome of G. biloba seedlings treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl. Twelve differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be involved in ion osmotic potential signal transduction and amplification, including two ABA signaling genes, five CDPK/CIPK genes, and five mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling genes. We also found that NAC transcription factors may be involved in the salt stress response; these included positive regulators (Gb_12203, Gb_27819, Gb_37720, and Gb_41540) and negative regulators (Gb_32549, Gb_35048, and Gb_37444). Importantly, treatment with 100 mmol/L NaCl can significantly improve flavonoid and flavonol glycoside biosynthesis. Simultaneously, the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, including PAL (Gb_10949, Gb_21115) and FLS (Gb_00285, Gb_14024, and Gb_14029), was significantly upregulated. Based on these results, we reveal that G. biloba seedlings can tolerate low-level soil salinity stress through the regulation of different kinds of genes and transcriptome factors, especially flavonoid biosynthesis, which is improved to respond to environmental stress.

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Identification and Characterization of Salt-Responsive MicroRNAs in Vicia faba by High-Throughput Sequencing

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10040303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alzahrani ◽

Alaraidh ◽

Khan ◽

Migdadi ◽

Alghamdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Faba Bean ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Gene Expression Regulation ◽

Target Prediction ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Small Rna Sequencing ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Pathway Analyses

Salt stress has detrimental effects on plant growth and development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. In this study, small RNA sequencing was employed to identify the salt stress-responsive miRNAs of the salt-sensitive Hassawi-3 and the salt-tolerant ILB4347 genotypes of faba bean, growing under salt stress. A total of 527 miRNAs in Hassawi-3 plants, and 693 miRNAs in ILB4347 plants, were found to be differentially expressed. Additionally, 284 upregulated and 243 downregulated miRNAs in Hassawi-3, and 298 upregulated and 395 downregulated miRNAs in ILB4347 plants growing in control and stress conditions were recorded. Target prediction and annotation revealed that these miRNAs regulate specific salt-responsive genes, which primarily included genes encoding transcription factors and laccases, superoxide dismutase, plantacyanin, and F-box proteins. The salt-responsive miRNAs and their targets were functionally enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, which showed that the miRNAs were involved in salt stress-related biological pathways, including the ABC transporter pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, among others, suggesting that the miRNAs play an important role in the salt stress tolerance of the ILB4347 genotype. These results offer a novel understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs in the salt response of the salt-tolerant ILB4347 and the salt-sensitive Hassawi-3 faba bean genotypes.

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GhCIPK6 Increases Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Upland Cotton by Involving in ROS Scavenging and MAPK Signaling Pathways

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19587/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Su ◽

Anhui Guo ◽

Yi Huang ◽

Yumei Wang ◽

Jinping Hua

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Control Line ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Mapk Signaling Pathways

Abstract Background: Salt stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses in production of Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ). Upland cotton is defined as a medium salt-tolerant crop. Salinity hinders root development, shoots growth, and reduces the fiber quality. Results: Our previous study verified a GhCIPK6 gene response to salt stress in G. hirsutum . The homologs of GhCIPK6 were analyzed in A 2 ( G. arboreum ), D 5 ( G . raimondii ), and AD 1 ( G . hirsutum ) genomes. GhCIPK6 localized to the vacuole and cell membrane. The GhCBL1-GhCIPK6 and GhCBL8-GhCIPK6 complexes localized to the nucleus and cytomembrane. Overexpression of GhCIPK6 enhanced expression levels of co-expressed genes induced by salt stress, which scavenged ROS and involved in MAPK signaling pathways verified by RNA-seq analysis. Water absorption capacity and cell membrane stability of seeds from GhCIPK6 overexpressed lines was higher than that of wild-type seeds during imbibed germination stage. The seed germination rates and seedling field emergence percentages of GhCIPK6 overexpressed lines were higher than that of control line under salt stress. Moreover, overexpressing of GhCIPK6 in cotton increased lint percentage, and fiber length uniformity under salt stress. Conclusions: We verified the function of GhCIPK6 by transformation and RNA-seq analysis. GhCIPK6 overexpressed lines exhibited higher tolerance to abiotic stresses, which functioned by involving in ROS scavenging and MAPK pathways. Therefore, GhCIPK6 has the potential for cotton breeding to improve stress-tolerance.

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Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals complex regulatory mechanism of cotton in response to salt stress

Journal of Cotton Research ◽

10.1186/s42397-021-00085-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lin CHEN ◽

Heng SUN ◽

Jie KONG ◽

Haijiang XU ◽

Xiyan YANG

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Complex Signaling ◽

Ja Signaling

Abstract Background Soil salt stress seriously restricts the yield and quality of cotton worldwide. To investigate the molecular mechanism of cotton response to salt stress, a main cultivated variety Gossypium hirsutum L. acc. Xinluzhong 54 was used to perform transcriptome and proteome integrated analysis. Results Through transcriptome analysis in cotton leaves under salt stress for 0 h (T0), 3 h (T3) and 12 h (T12), we identified 8 436, 11 628 and 6 311 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T3 vs. T0, T12 vs. T0 and T12 vs. T3, respectively. A total of 459 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by proteomic analysis, of which 273, 99 and 260 DEPs were identified in T3 vs. T0, T12 vs. T0 and T12 vs. T3, respectively. Metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, photosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction were enriched among the identified DEGs or DEPs. Detail analysis of the DEGs or DEPs revealed that complex signaling pathways, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, calcium signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, transcription factors, activation of antioxidant and ion transporters, were participated in regulating salt response in cotton. Conclusions Our research not only contributed to understand the mechanism of cotton response to salt stress, but also identified nine candidate genes, which might be useful for molecular breeding to improve salt-tolerance in cotton.

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The Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Sesamin are Mediated via Improved Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux Through PPARγ1-LXRα and MAPK Signaling

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000195 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 79-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amin F. Majdalawieh ◽

Hyo-Sung Ro

Keyword(s):

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Transcriptional Activity ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Foam Cell ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Foam Cell Formation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux

Background: Foam cell formation resulting from disrupted macrophage cholesterol efflux, which is triggered by PPARγ1 and LXRα, is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Sesamin and sesame oil exert anti-atherogenic effects in vivo. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying such effects are not fully understood. Aim: This study examines the potential effects of sesamin (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM) on PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity as well as macrophage cholesterol efflux. Methods: PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity are assessed by luciferase reporter assays. Macrophage cholesterol efflux is evaluated by ApoAI-specific cholesterol efflux assays. Results: The 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin up-regulated the expression of PPARγ1 (p< 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and LXRα (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, 75 μM and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin led to 5.2-fold (p < 0.001) and 6.0-fold (p<0.001) increases in PPAR transcriptional activity and 3.9-fold (p< 0.001) and 4.2-fold (p < 0.001) increases in LXR transcriptional activity, respectively, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via MAPK signaling. Consistently, 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin improved macrophage cholesterol efflux by 2.7-fold (p < 0.001), 4.2-fold (p < 0.001), and 4.2-fold (p < 0.001), respectively, via MAPK signaling. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sesamins anti-atherogenic effects, which seem to be due, at least in part, to its ability to up-regulate PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity, improving macrophage cholesterol efflux. We anticipate that sesamin may be used as a therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis.

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