Organization and Control of Energy Metabolism in Anaerobic Microorganisms

1986 ◽  
pp. 215-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Kell ◽  
Robert P. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Mitochondrial energy metabolism in a model of undernutrition induced by dexamethasone

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Dumas ◽  
Gilles Simard ◽  
Damien Roussel ◽  
Olivier Douay ◽  
Françoise Foussard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Proton Leak ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Liver Mass ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Thermodynamic Coupling ◽  
And Control ◽  
Complex Activities

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate whether mitochondrial energy metabolism is altered in a model of malnutrition induced by dexamethasone (DEX) treatment (1·5mg/kg per d for 5d). The gastrocnemius and liver mitochondria were isolated from DEX-treated, pair-fed (PF) and control (CON) rats. Body weight was reduced significantly more in the DEX-treated group (−16%) than in the PF group (−9%). DEX treatment increased liver mass (+59% v. PF, +23% v. CON) and decreased gastrocnemius mass. Moreover, in DEX-treated rats, liver mitochondria had an increased rate of non-phosphorylative O2 consumption with all substrates (approximately +42%). There was no difference in enzymatic complex activities in liver mitochondria between rat groups. Collectively, these results suggest an increased proton leak and/or redox slipping in the liver mitochondria of DEX-treated rats. In addition, DEX decreased the thermodynamic coupling and efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. We therefore suggest that this increase in the proton leak and/or redox slip in the liver is responsible for the decrease in the thermodynamic efficiency of energy conversion. In contrast, none of the variables of energy metabolism determined in gastrocnemius mitochondria was altered by DEX treatment. Therefore, it appears that DEX specifically affects mitochondrial energy metabolism in the liver.

scholarly journals Endocrine And Metabolic Adaptations Of Calves To Extra-Uterine Life

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirovski Danijela
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe transition from intra- to extra-uterine life is one of the greatest physiological challenges that occur in the life of animals. Immediately after birth, newborn calves have to adapt to new environmental and feeding conditions. Namely, at birth a break of the thermal balance occurs, since calves abruptly pass from a 38.8°C temperaturein uteroto an environmental temperature that is generally lower than 20°C. Additionally, at birth, the energy intake shifts from a continuous parenteral supply of nutrients (mainly glucose) to discontinuous colostrum and milk intake with lactose and fat as the main energy sources. Therefore, the most important issues related to metabolic changes during the transition from intra- to extra-uterine life are related to maintaining the homoeothermic conditions and control of energy metabolism. Those metabolic adaptations are under control of the endocrine system that is relatively mature at birth, but still requires morphological and functional changes after birth. Key hormones whose concentrations are significantly changed around birth and are involved in an adequate adaptation of calves to extra-uterine life are those related to stress at birth (cortisol and cathecholamines), glucoregulatory processes (insulin and glucagon), thermogenesis (thyroid hormones) and growth (IGF axis).

scholarly journals The control systems structures of energy metabolism

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (45) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Cloutier ◽  
Peter Wellstead
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Perfect Adaptation ◽  
Energetic State ◽  
And Control

The biochemical regulation of energy metabolism (EM) allows cells to modulate their energetic output depending on available substrates and requirements. To this end, numerous biomolecular mechanisms exist that allow the sensing of the energetic state and corresponding adjustment of enzymatic reaction rates. This regulation is known to induce dynamic systems properties such as oscillations or perfect adaptation. Although the various mechanisms of energy regulation have been studied in detail from many angles at the experimental and theoretical levels, no framework is available for the systematic analysis of EM from a control systems perspective. In this study, we have used principles well known in control to clarify the basic system features that govern EM. The major result is a subdivision of the biomolecular mechanisms of energy regulation in terms of widely used engineering control mechanisms: proportional, integral, derivative control, and structures: feedback, cascade and feed-forward control. Evidence for each mechanism and structure is demonstrated and the implications for systems properties are shown through simulations. As the equivalence between biological systems and control components presented here is generic, it is also hypothesized that our work could eventually have an applicability that is much wider than the focus of the current study.

scholarly journals Multiomics implicate gut microbiota in altered lipid and energy metabolism in Parkinsons disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Alexandre Pereira ◽  
Drupad Trivedi ◽  
Justin Silverman ◽  
Ilhan Duru ◽  
Lars K Paulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Altered Lipid

We aimed to investigate the link between serum metabolites, gut bacterial community composition, and clinical variables in Parkinsons disease (PD) and healthy control subjects (HC). 139 metabolite features were found to be differentially abundant between the PD and Control groups. No associations were found between metabolite features and within-PD clinical variables. The results suggest alterations in serum metabolite profiles in PD, and the results of correlation analysis between metabolite features and microbiota suggest that several bacterial taxa are associated with altered lipid and energy metabolism in PD.

Reversal of the Energy Metabolism Responses to Endurance Training by Weight Loading

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 847-852
Author(s):  
Crawford Kennedy ◽  
Wayne D. Van Huss ◽  
William W. Heusner
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Weight Loading

6 university team distance runners were randomly placed into experimental and control groups to determine the effect of progressive overloading with weights upon selected training responses. Both groups received identical training for 8 wk. with the exception that three days each week the experimental Ss wore weighted wristlets, anklets, and belts. Pre- and posttest energy metabolism measures were taken during and following both a low-intensity 15-min. run (9.7 km/hr, 0% grade) and a high-intensity run to exhaustion (16.1 km/hr, 9% grade). The energy metabolism responses to endurance training were significantly reversed by the progressive overloading with weights. The energy cost of the low-intensity run was increased and an unexpected shift toward greater anaerobic metabolism was observed.

scholarly journals RNA-Seq Study of Hepatic Response of Yellow-Feather Chickens to Acute Heat Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Quan Zhang ◽  
Yi Kang Luo ◽  
Bo Hai Zhang ◽  
Yan Zi Chan ◽  
Lin Lin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe yellow-feather broiler is a popular poultry breed in Asia, particularly in China. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (deGs) in the liver of yellow-feather broilers that had been subjected to acute heat stress treatment (38±1°C for 4 h, recovery 2 h) and determine the response of the liver to high temperature and its effects on yellow-feather broiler physiology. We found that the cloacal temperature and respiratory rate of yellow-feather chickens were significantly increased immediately after the initiation of acute heat stress (38°c) treatment. And after recovery for 2 h, there was no difference in the cloacal temperature and respiratory rate between the acute heat stress and control groups. A total of 834 DEGs were observed in response to heat stress by RNA-seq. Almost half of the DEGs were involved in the lipid and energy metabolism, including fatty acid metabolism (ACOX1, ACACA, ACSL1, ACSL6, ACAA1, ACAA2, HADHB, and FASN) and propanoate metabolism (ACSS2, ALDH2, ACACA, DLAT, ALDH7A1, MDH1, ME1, ABAT, SUCLG2, and ACSS3). Our findings provide the context for RNA-seq studies in the liver of yellow-feather chickens and suggest that the liver of yellow-feather broilers has the lipid and energy metabolism physiological mechanisms activated in response to heat stress.

scholarly journals Alterations in lipid, amino acid, and energy metabolism distinguish Crohn’s disease from ulcerative colitis and control subjects by serum metabolomic profiling

Metabolomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Scoville ◽  
Margaret M. Allaman ◽  
Caroline T. Brown ◽  
Amy K. Motley ◽  
Sara N. Horst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
And Control

The Versatility of the Pump-Perfused Rat Hindlimb Preparation: Examples Relating to Skeletal Muscle Function and Energy Metabolism

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Baker ◽  
Russell T. Hepple
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fast Freezing

The pump-perfused rat hindlimb model, in various forms, has been in use for several decades. There are many applications for this model, owing to the ability to control the content and rate of perfusion. In the context of exercise physiology this model has been put to particularly good use. In this report we summarize some of the central surgical differences between different versions of the pump-perfused rat hindlimb model, including the double hindlimb + trunk, double hindlimb alone, single hindlimb, and distal hindlimb-alone models. We also summarize specific elements of the perfusion medium and measurement of force used in our lab during assessment of muscle metabolic and contractile responses, and illustrate some of the differences from the in vivo condition that merit consideration. We then provide specific examples of how the single pump-perfused hindlimb and distal hindlimb-alone versions of this model have been used to study muscle function and energy metabolism. In this context we show how this model can be used to permit the experimenter to manipulate and control the rate of O2delivery and to add specific compounds that inhibit a particular aspect of muscle metabolism, such that in combination with measurements of the flux of specific substances across the muscle and/or fast-freezing of muscle after contractions, more can be understood about the metabolic state of the contracting muscles. Key words: aerobic metabolism, mitochondria, aging, adaptation

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