scholarly journals Open Innovation and Value Creation in Crop Genetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
Mathias L. Müller ◽  
Hugo Campos
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Crop Genetics ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Daunting Challenge ◽  
Gain Access

Abstract The development of cultivars exhibiting improved climate resilience and containing effective input and agronomic traits and their adoption by growers and acceptance by supply chains, consumers, and society remain essential drivers of a successful agricultural strategy directed to feed the world and overcome the challenges brought by nature, an increasingly stringent regulatory environment, and an ever-growing population. In order to deliver on the daunting challenge of providing affordable, nutritious food to humankind, while reducing agriculture’s environmental footprint, new innovation models are needed. Open innovation is being adopted by seed companies in order to tap into the vast pool of human talent available beyond their boundaries and increase their ability to generate, adopt, develop, and bring to market novel technologies while building upon the increasing global community of innovators and harnessing the resources of venture capitalists. In addition, open innovation can help streamline product development processes, as well as lead to the exploration of novel markets which would otherwise go unexploited. At the same time, open innovation provides the means for other firms and entrepreneurs to gain access to technologies which would be beyond the scope of their development abilities but which can be leveraged to create significant value for their own customers and markets. This chapter provides an updated perspective on the most salient aspects of open innovation. Though its main focus is crop genetics and the development of improved cultivars, the general principles discussed also apply to other activities associated with the value chains linking agriculture and customers.

scholarly journals Open Intellectual Property Models for Plant Innovations in the Context of New Breeding Technologies

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
New Breeding Technologies

Plant related innovations are critical to enable of food security and mitigate climate change. New breeding technologies (NBTs) based on emerging genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas will facilitate “breeding-by-editing” and enable complex breeding targets—like climate resilience or water use efficiency—in shorter time and at lower costs. However, NBTs will also lead to an unprecedented patent complexity. This paper discusses implications and potential solutions for open innovation models.

New and novel genetic tools for improving crops.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (028) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penna Suprasanna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
New Novel ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Sequencing Platforms

Abstract The basic tenet of crop improvement is the novel genetic variability that is achieved through selection, hybridization, mutation and recombination. The new technological innovations of plant breeding offer scope for transforming crop improvement with more precision and resolution. Advances in genomic-based tools and high-throughput phenotyping have enabled the analysis of genetic variation and identification of molecular signatures of agronomic traits. Molecular markers and molecular-marker-assisted breeding have facilitated the speedy selection of new, novel genetic combinations in breeding for high-yielding, stress-tolerant and nutritionally enriched crops. Transgenic methods have revolutionized modification for stress tolerance and higher productivity, and several genetically modified crops are under cultivation. Availability of genome sequencing platforms and genomic resources has significantly contributed to accessing novel genes and validating their functions. Genome-editing tools and recent advances of prime editing are now accessible for precise genetic alteration of plant traits. The new plant breeding tools will certainly foster development of highly productive, improved crop varieties for achieving food security and climate resilience.

scholarly journals Key settings for successful Open Innovation Arena

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Sivam ◽  
Teresa Dieguez ◽  
Luís Pinto Ferreira ◽  
F.J.G. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Gain Access

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine settings for the Open Innovation Arena. In greater depth, this paper aims to analyse and reveal which factors influence the formation of an appropriate arena for doing open innovation and furthermore to prescribe how a firm can create an effective arena to gain access to external knowledge. This paper presents a review on open innovation literature with the purpose of examining the current understanding of factors influencing a firm's capacity to embrace and practice open innovation as well as understanding what is critical when fitting outside systems. It presents the results of a survey conducted among 25 researchers from INESC TEC, the Portuguese Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology, and Science. The study concludes that conditions, namely culture, leadership and strategy, are the main drivers to an open innovation arena, highlighting culture as the most important one. Highlights Nowadays, the goal of each organisation is to conquest competition and to win new customers. Firms must create physical locations where collaboration is encouraged. Companies must be able to diagnose, measure and question its innovation performance and potential. The Innovation Scoring System impacts a firm's capacity to embrace and practice open innovation; Impacting factors on Innovation Scoring System: Conditions, Resources, Processes and Results. Open Innovation is a powerful tool for the sustainable development of the companies.

WINTER BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.): WINTER HARDINESS OF ACCESSIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENTS OF THE NORTHWESTERN AND CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGIONS OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. LYSENKO ◽  
◽  
V.A. LOSEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Regions Of Russia

This publication presents the results of a field assessment of 225 winter bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection for their winter hardiness in the environments of the Northwestern (Town of Pushkin, 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2013/2014) and Central Black Earth (Yekaterinino Settlem., 2007/2008 and 2008/2009) Regions of the Russian Federation. The tested accessions included landraces and old improved varieties, earlier identified as sources of winter hardiness, as well as modern improved cultivars and lines, added to the VIR collection from 1990 through 2006. For reference purposes, along with the wintering data, information on biological and agronomic traits is given for the tested accessions. The presented data will be of interest to plant breeders and other experts working with winter bread wheat.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR RADICAL INNOVATION IN THE NEW DIGITAL AGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150075
Author(s):  
DENISE FISCHER ◽  
JACQUELINE PRASUHN ◽  
STEFFEN STRESE ◽  
MALTE BRETTEL
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
New Product ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Social Media Tools

The beneficial value of leveraging external networks in the innovation process has sparked widespread attention by open innovation scholars. With the rise of novel digital technologies such as social media, the opportunity space for accessing a multitude of external knowledge outside the organisation has significantly expanded. For instance, social media is currently not only vital in monitoring the COVID-19 outbreak, but also in leveraging knowledge to find a treatment for coronavirus. Nevertheless, theory and empirical evidence on how user integration using novel technologies such as social media affects radical innovation remains scarce and inconclusive. Using data obtained from 269 senior managers in new product development departments, this study reveals that the use of social media tools for new product development positively impacts radical innovation. The positive relationship is further strengthened by higher levels of an organisation’s technology acceptance of social media. However, we also find that routinisation with social media technology weakens the positive relationship, suggesting that frequent social media users may be more vulnerable to the systemic challenges of social media tools. This study advances open innovation research and information systems literature, elevating the controversial and debated impact of customer integration and information technology for radical innovation into the digitisation era.

Variation in rice landraces adapted to the lowlands and hills in Nepal

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Sharma ◽  
N. K. Chaudhary ◽  
B. Ojha ◽  
L. Yadav ◽  
M. P. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Index Of Diversity

The landraces of rice (Oryza sativaL.) possess wide diversity, which needs to be properly characterized for their use in genetic improvement. Replicated field studies were conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000 at two sites in Nepal to determine diversity in 183 landraces of rice adapted to the lowlands and the hills in Nepal. Fourteen improved genotypes were also used for comparison. Thirteen agronomic traits were investigated. Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H) and Simpson's index of diversity (D) were estimated to determine the level of genetic richness among the landraces. The landraces differed significantly for all traits. Except for plant height and maturity, at least one of the landraces compared well with the performance of improved cultivars. A principal component analysis separated the lowland- and hill-adapted landraces into two broad groups.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution of Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs) and Receptor like Proteins (RLPs) in Brassica juncea

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Hua Yang ◽  
Philipp E. Bayer ◽  
Soodeh Tirnaz ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Jacqueline Batley
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Resource ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Allotetraploid Species

Brassica juncea, an allotetraploid species, is an important germplasm resource for canola improvement, due to its many beneficial agronomic traits, such as heat and drought tolerance and blackleg resistance. Receptor-like kinase (RLK) and receptor-like protein (RLP) genes are two types of resistance gene analogues (RGA) that play important roles in plant innate immunity, stress response and various development processes. In this study, genome wide analysis of RLKs and RLPs is performed in B. juncea. In total, 493 RLKs (LysM-RLKs and LRR-RLKs) and 228 RLPs (LysM-RLPs and LRR-RLPs) are identified in the genome of B. juncea, using RGAugury. Only 13.54% RLKs and 11.79% RLPs are observed to be grouped within gene clusters. The majority of RLKs (90.17%) and RLPs (52.83%) are identified as duplicates, indicating that gene duplications significantly contribute to the expansion of RLK and RLP families. Comparative analysis between B. juncea and its progenitor species, B. rapa and B. nigra, indicate that 83.62% RLKs and 41.98% RLPs are conserved in B. juncea, and RLPs are likely to have a faster evolution than RLKs. This study provides a valuable resource for the identification and characterisation of candidate RLK and RLP genes.

scholarly journals Mapping the Knowledge Supply Chain to Foster Innovation

Economics ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 562-578
Author(s):  
Nicola Bellantuono ◽  
Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo ◽  
Barbara Scozzi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Knowledge Supply Chains (KSCs) are the networks that provide knowledge supplies so nourishing one or more business processes carried out by a firm. KSCs are particularly crucial for innovation development processes. The need to recur to open KSCs during the accomplishment of such processes is indeed emphasized by the recent literature on open innovation (Kirschbaum, 2005; Chesbrough, 2006; Gassman, 2006; Van de Vrande et al., 2009). However, as scholars adopt different definitions of openness and stress different practices, it is not clear what open really means (Dahlander and Gann, 2010). Research is called for to further classify the different practices and, above all, to measure the impact of open vs. closed innovation so as to support companies in the identification of the right balance (Enkel et al., 2009). In the paper a methodology to map and analyze KSCs arising during an innovation development process is proposed. The methodology is described with specific reference to New Product Development (NPD) which is widely common as well as strategic in many firms. The methodology supports the characterization of the knowledge supplies (also in terms of the adopted collaboration approach) and the assessment of their criticality within the NPD process. Hence, it (1) contributes to make the concept of openness clearer and (2) provide companies with a clear picture of the process and its criticalities.

scholarly journals Search Strategies in Innovation Networks: The Case of the Hungarian Food Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Tóth ◽  
Giuseppina Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
World Market ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Specific Source

In the food sector, open innovation has become of particular interest. This paper considers open innovation search strategies in the food and beverages industry and examines the probability of using different innovation sources with respect to the type of innovation. Although the information search for new ideas, tools and solutions in the innovation process regarding the scope and depth is well explored and interpreted in the literature, the probability of using the different sources with respect to type of innovation is rarely investigated. To answer these questions, first a probit, then OLS regression model is adopted, in order to understand the chance of a specific source of information being chosen, and then, to verify how much of these sources are selected in different types of innovation. Findings show that food companies use several kinds of information sources during their product, process, organization and market innovation development processes and apply different sourcing strategies based on innovation type. The study concludes that managers have to take into consideration the type of innovation when they formulate their innovation search strategies. Moreover, if they would like to strive on the European, or even more on the world market, they necessarily have to cooperate with universities and research institutes. Our recommendation for policymakers is that they should encourage the food companies in creation of a viable information network with their business, scientific and professional partners. It is also important that they help the food producers in their continuous innovation activities as well as in expanding their business to European, or even more, to world level.

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