scholarly journals Linguistic Evidence for Script Relativity

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
Hye K. Pae
Keyword(s):  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Operating Principle ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Test Script ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Linguistic Skills

Abstract Using the universal grammar of reading and the system accommodation hypothesis (Perfetti, 2003) as theoretical frameworks, this chapter reviews a wide range of linguistic evidence that supports script relativity. Universality and specificity found according to script features are discussed with respect to the operating principle (alphabet vs. logography), psycholinguistic gran size (phoneme vs. syllable), graph configuration (linearity vs. block), symbolic representation (arbitrariness vs. iconic quality), graph complexity (traditional characters vs. simplified characters), and multi-script representation (phonogram Kana vs. Ideogram Kanji). Linguistic skills associated with reading in terms of orthography, phonology, morphology as well as cross-linguistic and cross-scriptal transfer are reviewed. Next, based on the reviewed literature, each criterion for causality from script to cognition through reading as a multifaceted cognitive activity is checked. Although the existing literature did not aim to directly test script relativity, research findings collectively suggest script effects on readers’ thought and cognition.

Interparental conflict and child adjustment: main concepts and research findings

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Hanna Przybyła-Basista
Keyword(s):  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Adjustment ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Constructive Conflict ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract This is a review study of theoretical frameworks and research findings concerning the relationship between marital conflict and children’s response. The main focus is on understanding the mechanisms connecting marital conflict to child adjustment. Two main theoretical models are discussed, namely, Cognitive-Contextual Framework by Grych and Fincham (1990) and Emotional Security Hypothesis by Davies and Cummings (1994). The analysis shows that marital conflicts are associated with a wide range of children’s adjustment problems. Parental destructive conflict patterns are associated with children’s behavioral problems, whereas positive emotionality and constructive conflict resolution lead to children’s positive or even neutral reactions to marital problems. Results are presented on how useful psychoeducational programs are for parents that prevent negative marital conflict effects on children.

Syncretism and Containment in Spatial Deixis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lander ◽  
Liliane Haegeman
Keyword(s):  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Functional Sequence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spatial Deixis

This chapter investigates spatial-deictic systems (e.g. English this vs. that, or Latin hīc vs. iste vs. ille) from a wide range of typologically diverse languages. We propose that spatial deixis is encoded as a three-way contrast in Universal Grammar (UG): Proximal ‘close to speaker,’ Medial ‘close to hearer,’ and Distal ‘far from speaker and hearer.’ The empirical core of the chapter focuses on two phenomena: (i) syncretism and (ii) morphological containment. It is shown that only certain kinds of syncretism patterns are attested crosslinguistically: Syncretism cannot target Proximal and Distal without also targeting Medial (a case of *ABA). Furthermore, the cases of morphological containment we have found show that Distal contains Medial, which, in turn, contains Proximal. A functional sequence of three heads is posited that captures our generalizations in a simple and effective way.

Career Development Theory: An Integrated Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Yates
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Career Practice

Career theories are developed to help make sense of the complexity of career choice and development. The intricacy of the subject matter is such that career theories most often focus on one or two aspects of the phenomenon. As such, the challenges of integrating the theories with each other, and integrating them within career practice, are not insignificant. In this chapter, an overview of the theoretical landscape is offered that illustrates how the theories align with each other to build up a comprehensive picture of career choice and development. The chapter introduces a wide range of theoretical frameworks, spanning seven decades and numerous academic disciplines, and discusses the most well-known theorists alongside less familiar names. The chapter is structured around four concepts: identity, environment, career learning, and psychological career resources. Suggestions are offered for the incorporation of theories in career practice.

scholarly journals Foeniculum vulgareMill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamkant B. Badgujar ◽  
Vainav V. Patel ◽  
Atmaram H. Bandivdekar
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Foeniculum vulgareMill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. The review aims to gather the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology ofFoeniculum vulgare. It also compiles available scientific evidence for the ethnobotanical claims and to identify gaps required to be filled by future research. Findings based on their traditional uses and scientific evaluation indicates thatFoeniculum vulgareremains to be the most widely used herbal plant. It has been used for more than forty types of disorders. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as volatile compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids. Compiled data indicate their efficacy in severalin vitroandin vivopharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory enhancing property.Foeniculum vulgarehas emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and it provides a noteworthy basis in pharmaceutical biology for the development/formulation of new drugs and future clinical uses.

Epigenetics and Applied Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Noncoding Dna ◽  
Wide Range

Since Francis Crick and James D. Watson’s discovery of DNA in 1953, researchers, policymakers, and the general public have sought to understand the ways in which genetics shapes human lives. A milestone in these efforts was the completion of the Human Genome Project’s (HGP) sequencing of Homo sapiens’ nearly three million base pairs in 2003. Yet, despite the excitement surrounding the HGP and the discovery of the structural genetic underpinnings of several debilitating diseases, the vast majority of human health outcomes have not been linked to a single gene. Moreover, even when genes have been associated with particular diseases (e.g., breast and colon cancer), it is not well understood why certain genetically predisposed individuals become ill and others do not. Nor has the HGP’s map provided sufficient information to understand the actual functioning of the human genetic code, including the role of noncoding DNA (“junk DNA”) in regulating molecular genetic processes. In response, a growing number of scientists have shifted their attention from structural genetics to epigenetics, the study of how genes express themselves in particular situations and environments. Anthropologists play roles in these applications of epigenetics to real-world settings. Their new theoretical frameworks unsettle the nature-versus-nurture binary and support biocultural anthropological research demonstrating how race becomes biology and embodies social inequalities and health disparities across generations. Ethnographically grounded case studies further highlight the diverse epigenetic logics held by healthcare providers, researchers, and patient communities and how these translations of scientific knowledge shape medical practice and basic research. The growing field of environmental epigenetics also offers a wide range of options for students and practitioners interested in applying the anthropological toolkit in epigenetics-related work.

scholarly journals Corporate Board Committees and Corporate Outcomes: An International Systematic Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Alhossini ◽  
Collins G. Ntim ◽  
Alaa Mansour Zalata
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Applied Theory ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

This paper comprehensively reviews the current body of international accounting literature regarding advisory/monitoring committees and corporate outcomes. Specifically, it synthesizes, appraises, and extends current knowledge on the (a) theoretical (i.e., economic, accounting/corporate governance, sociological and socio-psychological) perspectives and (b) empirical evidence of the observable and less visible attributes at both the individual and committee levels and their link with a wide range (financial/non-financial) of corporate outcomes. Using the systematic literature review method, 304 articles from 59 journals in the fields of accounting and finance that were published between January 1992 and December 2018 are reviewed. The main findings are as follows. First and theoretically, agency theory is the most dominant applied theory/studies with no application of theory at all (descriptive), while the application of integrated theoretical frameworks is lacking in the reviewed articles. Secondly, the existing empirical evidence focusses excessively on (a) monitoring instead of advisory committees and (b) observable rather than less visible committee attributes. Thirdly, scarcity of cross-country studies along with methodological limitations relating to measurement inconsistencies, insufficiency of variables, and dominance of quantitative studies, among others, are identified. Finally, promising future research avenues are outlined.

scholarly journals СТАН ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЇЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Оксана І. Дмитрієва
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Regulation Of Transport ◽  
Development Regulation

The article seeks to explore the state of government regulation of transport infrastructure and to reveal its specifics in ensuring this sector efficiency in the context of economic globalization. The study suggests that the framework of legislative and strategic documents in the area of transport industry and its infrastructure development regulation should be considered at the international, national and the regional levels. The paper also provides insights to the key challenges hindering the innovative development of the transport infrastructure in Ukraine. The research findings have revealed the major gaps in the system of government regulation of the Ukrainian transport infrastructure which refer to: the absence of a single public regulatory authority in the transport sector which is empowered to perform regulatory, monitoring and the control functions; fundamental imbalances in transport infrastructure development (as to different transport categories); the lack of tax incentives for investors in infrastructure facilities; the lack of a balancing mechanism to regulate the number of operators in various transport market sectors through licensing procedures; the absence of an effective mechanism for designing appropriate pricing (tariff) policies in the transport sector focusing on the need to prevent monopolization while promoting competition in adjacent markets etc. It is argued that a strategy to eliminate the above shortcomings in government regulation practices in the area of transport infrastructure should be built through searching a balance between deregulation (decentralization) and excessive centralization in the specified sector. With the purpose of consolidating and structuring the information to ensure the efficiency of transport infrastructure development based on government intervention, the study has identified the following components of a basic government regulation toolkit which involves a wide range of organizational, regulatory, social, economic, innovative, market-based, informational and analytical instruments.

scholarly journals Metacognition: A new cognitive paradigm

Psihologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kankaras
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Metacognitive Experiences

This article reviews concept of metacognition, defined as: (a) knowledge about ones own cognitive activity, (b) strategies to monitor and regulate cognitive activity and behavior, and (c) subjective or metacognitive experiences which comes from some changes or temporary difficulties in cognitive functioning. While describing different conceptualizations of metacognition, its development, fields of application, relation with intelligence, and its constrictions and ambiguity, we attempt to present new and emerging metacognitive paradigm, which is, for a relatively short period, succeeded to improve, expand, and redefine wide range of theoretical and practical fields in psychology, on new and original way. How do we become conscious of our own cognitive processes? What role and significance that consciousness has, what is the functional level above thinking processes and how that level, which monitor and control cognitive activity, works. Metacognition is concept that presents, as so far, the most important insight in those human mind areas, which, although very important, remained on the margin of psychological investigations until now.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ ЧИННИКІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ІНТЕГРОВАНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Danyil V. Laponoh
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings

This study focuses on a wide range of issues related to the effects of integration process on the development of economic relations, in particular, in the road transport services market. Special emphasis is put on the critical role of integration in contributing to building circular technological supply chains, ensuring sales coordination and management, reducing unit costs and increasing labor productivity. It is argued that the outcome of integration translates into a cohesive economic mechanism which in addition to its integrated elements is characterized by the presence of a core coordination element. The article offers a definition to a public-private partnership phenomenon, identifies its advantages and disadvantages, explores the mechanisms of public-private partnership implementation as well as suggests a toolkit to optimize the partnership functioning for integrated structures. This is a pioneering study that provides a rationale for the need to use several public-private partnership patterns simultaneously together with developing a mechanism for carrying out public-private partnership which is proposed to be consolidated into the mechanism of integrated partnership viewed as the most preferable one to be implemented in the market of road transport services. It has been verified that the integrated partnership pattern provides an opportunity to develop competitive advantages of all its participants. The research findings have enabled to make the following generalizations: the existing partnerships differ in types of arrangements and institutional support; prior to making a decision to launch a specific integrated partnership project, the mechanism of its implementation should be envisaged; to enhance the efficiency of the integrated partnership project implementation, building relevant infrastructure facilities is paramount; the prospects for further integrated partnership project operation assume the utilization of a network mechanism of public-private partnership which best meets the needs and the specifics of the road transport services market.

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