Auditing the Settlements of Loan Liabilities in Accordance with International Standards: Methodological Approach

The article deals with selected issues of the application of international standards of audit in domestic practice. The source of the main problem, which hinders the development of a unified methodological approach to the application of international standards, is determined, and proposals for its solution are provided. Particular attention is paid to the methodological recommendations for reflecting the requirements of international standards in the auditor’s working papers. The investment activity of foreign partners in Ukraine is conditional on the financial statement clarity for domestic business entities and their trust in them. While the former can achieved by the application of International Financial Reporting Standards, the latter is dependent on the application of International Standards of Auditing (ISA). The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach to the application of ISA, based on clarification of their essence and nature. The study of audit practice and opinions of users of audit reports shows that one of the key issues is compliance with the going concern basis of accounting by management personnel in preparing financial statements. It can be concluded from the study that ISA do not conform to the definition of “standards”, being more similar with some kind of “rules”. It means that ISA constitute the rules for performing audit by focusing the auditor attention on a specific set of issues and objects. This approach allows for a certain extent of control over the completeness the audit process and for assuring selected aspects of quality.

Download Full-text

Constructing a Set of Indicators for Performance Assessment in Higher Education Establishments

Statistics of Ukraine ◽

10.31767/su.4(83)2018.04.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

L. M. Shablysta

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Performance Assessment ◽

Professional Education ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

International Standards ◽

Current Phase ◽

Task Completion ◽

Higher Education System ◽

Higher Professional Education

The current phase of the socio-economic development in Ukraine is marked by the transformation in the national higher education system in order to harmonize it with international standards. These standards are based on the basically new competence-oriented paradigm of the higher education, making emphasis on the quality of higher professional education. An important component of the education quality is the performance of a higher education establishment (HEE), which significance is growing given the increasing competition among HEEs and stricter requirements to the transparence and information openness of their operation. This raises the relevance of the problem related with selection of indicators for assessment of HEE performance. It is pointed out that methodical approaches to quality assessment of HEEs for official accreditation and ranking purposes, practiced in Ukraine now, include the indicators capable for only fragmented assessment of HEE results and focused on education processes. These approaches to performance assessment in HEEs cause a gap between the quality of HEE performance and the quality of education provided by them. It is found that variations between indicators of domestic and international rankings by which HEE performance is assessed occur because international rankings, in contrast to domestic ones, account only for HEE performance, including job placement of graduates or applications of R&D, whereas ways to achieve the performance are considered as a matter of HEE choice. A theoretical and methodological approach to constructing a set of indicators of HEE performance is justified, which is based on the principle that a set of these indicators must provide as full as possible coverage of goals and operative tasks of HEEs, specified in the Law of Ukraine “Higher Education”. It is argued that the result of education process as a propriety operative task of HEE must be specific achievements of graduates, expected and measurable. A set of the indicators measuring results of education activities is proposed. A number of new indicators in addition to R&D spending are proposed for assessment of R&D in HEEs. Also, specific indicators are proposed for assessment of task completion: established international relations and performed international actions in the field of education; the increased education and cultural level of citizens. It is concluded that assessment of HEE performance need to be made by multi-criteria set of components and be based on a system of estimates.

Download Full-text

A Methodological Approach to Selecting a Location for a Waste Disposal Terminal for Vessels on the Section of the Pan-European Waterway Corridor VII in the Republic of Serbia

Energy and Environment Research ◽

10.5539/eer.v6n2p14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Boško Josimovic ◽

Marina Ilic ◽

Ljubisa Bezbradica

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

International Standards ◽

Danube River ◽

The European Union ◽

Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽

Starting Point ◽

Promethee Method ◽

The Republic ◽

Control And Management

The section of the Pan-European Corridor VII waterway flowing through Serbia is of exceptional international significance, as well as significance to the Republic of Serbia, both in the domains of transport and of environmental protection. In this part of the Pan-European Corridor VII waterway, there is development of both passenger and freight traffic without an established system of control and management of solid waste and wastewater from vessels, which directly threatens the environment, as well as the safety of traffic and people. The crews of international and domestic vessels are faced with the problem of disposing of solid waste, waste oil and waste water, due to the lack of adequate waste terminals in this section of waterway corridor VII (The Danube River). For this reason, the construction of a waste terminal is a priority and an unavoidable necessity as a starting point for establishing a sustainable system of managing waste from vessels in the Republic of Serbia. This paper presents a methodological approach for selecting an optimal location for the construction of such a terminal in the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia (a case study). The method of multi-criteria evaluation of potential locations was used, as well as the method of evaluating various locations under different scenarios. The specificity of the method used can be seen in the selection of criteria for comparative evaluation of the potential locations, as well as in the evaluation of the potential sites under different scenarios and with weight categories based on the PROMETHEE method. The results presented in this paper make it possible for decision makers to consider different aspects and scenarios when selecting the most appropriate location for the terminal, whilst taking into account the international standards and principles governing this field in the European Union.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Land-Use Change in Shortandy District in Terms of Sustainable Development

Land ◽

10.3390/land9050147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Onggarbek Alipbeki ◽

Chaimgul Alipbekova ◽

Arnold Sterenharz ◽

Zhanat Toleubekova ◽

Saule Makenova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

International Standards ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Large Cities ◽

Development Indicators ◽

Main Tendency ◽

Systematic Collection

The suburban territories of large cities are transitional zones where intensive transformations in land use are constantly taking place. Therefore, the presented work is devoted to an integrated assessment of land use changes in the Shortandy district (Kazakhstan) based on an integrated study of the dynamics of land use and sustainable development indicators (SDIs). It was found that the main tendency in the land use of this Peri-urban area (PUA) during 1992–2018 is their intensification, through an increase in arable lands. Kazakhstan only recently started the systematic collection of SDIs according to international standards. Therefore, to assess the sustainable development of the study area, limited amounts of information were available. Nevertheless, the use of SDIs from 2007 to 2017 showed that the growth of economic development inthe study area is almost adequately accompanied by an increase in the level of social and environmental development. The methodological approach used can be widely used to assess the sustainable development of specific territories in general and the development of the capital of Kazakhstan and their PUA, in particular.

Download Full-text

Meta-evaluation of baseline studies of the Brazilian Family Health Strategy Expansion Project: a participatory and formative approach

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2010001200006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2270-2278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Cláudia Figueiró ◽

Zulmira Maria de Araújo Hartz ◽

Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler ◽

André Luiz Freitas Dias

Keyword(s):

Methodological Approach ◽

Family Health ◽

International Standards ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Multiple Points ◽

Health Strategy ◽

Family Health Strategy ◽

Final Score ◽

Selection Of

A participatory, formative meta-evaluation of baseline studies in Brazil is presented. International standards recommended by associations of evaluators were used, along with "specificity" criteria built up using the terms of reference for proposals for the selection of studies. The methodological approach combined a "peer review" of baseline study reports, with a participatory (self) assessment for "primary" evaluators, the average of which provided the final score. Results revealed a classification of "good" and "very good" for the set of standards. The differences between the attribution of scores further highlight the importance of taking into account multiple points of view. Given the lack of pre-existing standards for the reports, the absence of standards and the incipient nature of evaluation focusing on utility, this meta-evaluation does not adequately reflect the quality or potential utility of the baseline studies, however, it will certainly contribute to overcoming these limitations and improving future impact studies of the Brazilian Family Health Strategy Expansion Project (PROESF).

Download Full-text

Original, Original Document and Authentic Document: Revisiting the Relationship of Concepts

Herald of an Archivist ◽

10.28995/2073-0101-2020-1-102-115 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 102-115

Author(s):

Nataliya G. Surovtseva ◽

Keyword(s):

Methodological Approach ◽

International Standards ◽

Records Management ◽

Continued Use ◽

Execution Environment ◽

Paper Documentation ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Digital Record ◽

Trusted Execution Environment

Within the framework of the traditional methodology of records appraisal, tasks of transferring digital records, created without prior paper documentation, to archival storage present archivists with a dilemma of storing an original of a digital record. However, in electronic environment storing the original as the first and only copy of the record is fundamentally impossible. The article strives to substantiate the methodological approach generated in international practice to ensure storage of digital records. The article considers the origin and development of the concept of “original” in national terminological standards, meaning first or only copy of a record. The author draws attention to the fact that this term was introduced and used in conjunction with the term “official record.” It was not universal in its nature, only to be used in the field of management. Concurrently, the term “original document” was used; this was associated with possibility of the author identifying the record. The analysis concludes that under modern conditions, the context for the term “original document” has been lost, and, therefore, its continued use is impracticable. Information technology induces to introduce the term “authentic document.” In recent years, it has been used due to studying international standards of records management. The concept of “authentic document” is usually translated as “original,” however, these concepts are not completely synonymous. Authenticity of a record implies not simply availability of information about its author, time and place of creation, but also a need to properly certify them. The introduction of the term “authentic record” allows to create a new methodological paradigm of storing digital records in a trusted execution environment, using migration and conversion procedures and creating legal conditions for usage of digital duplicates of paper records.

Download Full-text

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IN PREVENTING A COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Management ◽

10.30857/2415-3206.2021.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

Pavlo Dudko

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Information Needs ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

International Standards ◽

Information Support ◽

Social Reporting ◽

Conceptual Approach ◽

The Government ◽

System Of Parameters ◽

Fundamental Categories

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. To build an effective market economy and democratic society, Ukraine needs to create a platform for dialogue between the government, business and civil society. Social responsibility of business is one of the key factors for building such a dialogue. The main problem of modern information support of social responsibility of business is the lack of a mechanism for its formation, which served as the basis for the improvement of methodological foundations for the formation of information support of social responsibility of business.METHODS. The proposed system of parameters and criteria is the basis of a survey (using the method of hierarchy analysis), to assess the state of information support for social responsibility of business in the enterprises of the Kyiv region (Ukraine).FINDINGS. A conceptual approach to the development of social responsibility in business has been formed, the implementation of which is based on the development of a methodological framework in three areas. The first one is implemented in the work by adapting the provisions of international standards of social responsibility. The second direction is represented by the development of the mechanism of formation of information support of social responsibility of business, which provides, on the one hand, monitoring in the implementation of quality assessment of information support of social responsibility of business, and, on the other hand, optimization of the process of formation of information on social responsibility of the enterprise for stakeholders. The third direction of the conceptual approach is implemented in the work through the formation of the relationship between financial and social reporting indicators, which promotes consistent disclosure of non-financial and financial information in social reporting for stakeholders, which in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is of particular importance.CONCLUSION. The formation of information support for social responsibility of business should be seen as a combination of three pillars: theoretical, structural and process. The implementation of the mechanism is aimed at unifying the structure and content of social reporting and meeting the information needs of stakeholders, the implementation of international standards of social responsibility of business, based on the results of evaluation of their provisions and the development of terminology of the fundamental categories of the "open society". Implementation of the methodological approach will allow to form the enterprise's development priorities in terms of social responsibility of business, minimise conflicts of stakeholders and ensure the formation of interrelation between financial and social reporting indicators.

Download Full-text

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Sinks of an Italian Natural Park

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.706880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Giampiero Grossi ◽

Andrea Vitali ◽

Umberto Bernabucci ◽

Nicola Lacetera ◽

Alessandro Nardone

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

International Standards ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

The Other ◽

Biogeochemical Model ◽

Primary Role ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Wide Range

Natural parks (NPs) have a primary role in supporting people’s welfare by maintaining natural and cultural resources. Various activities, such as those related to conservation of flora and fauna, forestry, agriculture and livestock, residential, and tourism, coexist within the boundaries of NPs. All these activities may contribute as a source or sink of carbon dioxide and, despite some NPs having started to promote their environmental services, there is currently a lack of information on their carbon footprint (CF). Although various international standards have provided guidelines to assess the CF of organizations, a lack of explicit formulation and procedure in these standards makes them difficult to apply, especially when the organizations to be evaluated embed a wide range of biological and anthropogenic activities. The framework proposed in this paper provides for the first time a holistic methodological approach to quantitatively and qualitatively estimate the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals occurring in NPs. The main data needed for the NP’s GHG inventory were directly collected on-site. The activity data and emissions factors as well as the methodologies involved were all referenced to their data sources, including the use of a biogeochemical model, IPCC equations, Ecoinvent database, and a literature review. This method highlighted that, by emitting 0.55 Mg CO2e ha−1 year−1, the NP generates an annual CF of about 3,300 Mg of CO2e. The agricultural activities with 43.4% of share showed the largest incidence, followed by wild fauna (17.8%), tourism (15.1%), and, to a lesser extent, all the other sectors considered in the assessment. On the other hand, when the annual soil and forest C sequestration rates were included in the balance, the NP contributes to sequester about 3.7 Mg CO2e ha−1 year−1, thus resulting in it being an important C-sink site (i.e., about 22,000 Mg CO2e year−1). By providing granular information on GHG emissions and carbon removals trend, the methodological approach involved in this study could help NPs in both planning effective mitigation strategies and supporting environmental certification processes. CF of NPs could increase tourists’ awareness of the important role that these protected natural areas have in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Download Full-text

STRUCTURED FORMATION OF RESERVES FOR FUTURE EXPENSES AND PAYMENTS AT THE ENTERPRISE: ACCOUNTING MOMENTS

Social and Economic Aspects of Education in Modern Society ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25052021/7560 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iryna Troxymenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Economic Security ◽

International Standards ◽

Strategic Development ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Economic Information ◽

Control Regulation ◽

Management Functions ◽

Selection Of

The method of accounting is clarified operations of formation of collateral of the following costs and payments. The task of accounting in the work the use of existing mechanisms is determined formation of collateral and selection of the best option to create such reserves. The methodological approach to the formation of reserves in the traditional models of accounting in agricultural enterprises is analyzed. Generalized concepts of formation and use of reserves in national regulations (standards) of accounting and international standards of financial reporting. The conceptual direction in accounting provides economic information on costs, which is used in management functions, namely in planning, analysis, control, regulation, incentives, justification of decisions on strategic development and financial and economic security.

Download Full-text

IMPROVEMENT OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR COMPLETENESS AND TIMELINESS OF FORMATION OF RESERVES AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30032021/7427 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Trokhymenko Iryna

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Economic Security ◽

International Standards ◽

Strategic Development ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Agricultural Enterprise ◽

Control Regulation ◽

Analytical Procedures ◽

Management Functions

The article is devoted to the substantiation of scientific and theoretical provisions and recommendations for the improvement of accounting and analytical procedures for the formation of reserves at an agricultural enterprise to ensure the reliability of determining the financial results of their activities. The methodological approach to the formation of reserves in the traditional models of accounting in agricultural enterprises is analyzed. Generalized concepts of formation and use of reserves in national regulations (standards) of accounting and international standards of financial reporting. The conceptual direction in accounting provides economic information on costs, which is used in management functions, namely in planning, analysis, control, regulation, incentives, justification of decisions on strategic development and financial and economic security. Documentary provision of the reserve of vacations and the reserve of doubtful debts, the use of which is a priority of effective stable activity and management of the enterprise, is offered. The prepayment document is an alternative primary document for the correct calculation and generalization of the amount of the reserve at the agricultural enterprise.

Download Full-text