Relationships and Centrality in a Cluster of the Milk Production Network in the State of Parana/Brazil

Background: Contagious agalactia is an infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae (M. agalactiae) that occurs in small ruminants leading to productive and economic losses. Due to the similarity of clinical signs presented in Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), which is a viral disease, a differential diagnosis is important. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-Mycoplasma agalactiae antibodies in dairy goat flocks in Ceará State and possible correlation with CAE.Materials, Methods & Results: The research was performed in four mesoregions in Ceará State (Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza-MRF; Northeast Ceará - NeC; North Ceará - NC; Sertões in Ceará - SC), from which 16 productions located in 10 cities with the highest representativeness for goat milk production within the State or mesoregion were sampled. A total of 417 females and 69 males (486 animals) of breeds with dairy production aptitude, pure or crossbreed, maintained in semi-intensive or intensive systems, were tested. Blood serum was obtained by venipuncture of the jugular vein with vacuum pressure syringe followed by centrifugation at 1,500 g for 10min. Antibodies against the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) were detected with micro technique of agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and Western Blot (WB). The anti-Mycoplasma agalactiae antibodies were detected with commercial kit of enzymatic immunoassay (IDEXX Laboratories™). Seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in dairy goat flocks in Ceará State was 0.62% (3/486). From the total of 16 visited productions, 18.75% (3/16) had seropositive animals for M. agalactiae located in MRF, NC and SC mesoregions. CAE was diagnosed in 56.25% (9/16) of productions with AGID and in 81.25% (13/16) with WB. In addition, 5.2% (25/486) of animals were seropositive for CAE with AGID and 16.6% (80/486) with WB. Animals that reacted positive for M. agalactiae were all females of pure breed with milk production aptitude in distinct mesoregions submitted to intensive rearing system. None of these animals was positive in neither test (AGID or WB) for CAE. Therefore, no correlation of results obtained in diagnosis of M. agalactiae by ELISA and CAEV by AGID or WB (P < 0.05) was identified. However, two out of three productions that were positive for M. agalactiae presented positive results for CAEV with frequencies of 10% and 20%.Discussion: Seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in Ceará State was low in comparison with other Brazilian states and even other countries. However, the presence of the pathogen in more than one mesoregion indicates that the disease occurs in different locations within the State. Therefore, flocks in Ceará are susceptible to the infection, which may be favored by uncontrolled commerce that occurs with deficient surveillance, associated with the importation of animals to improve flock genetic quality. The presence of the pathogen in dairy goats may contribute to significant losses in the local production. On the other hand, CAE was diagnosedin nearly all productions proving the dissemination of this lentivirus infection among dairy goat flocks in Ceará State. Although an association between these diseases was not identified, the presence of a retrovirus in the organism may favor co-infection with another micro-organism, promoting the deficiency in the immune system of the host. In conclusion, M. agalactiae is present in different mesoregions of the Ceará State and control measures should be adopted in short term to prevent pathogen dissemination and, consequently reduce economic and productive losses in the local dairy goat production. No correlation was identified between the prevalence of infection by CAEV and M. agalactiae in this study.Keywords: correlation, diagnosis, caprine lentivirus, mycoplasmosis.

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DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF THE DAIRY COMPLEX

Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics ◽

10.36887/2415-8453-2019-4-1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

Vitalii NITSENKO ◽

Yuriy I. DANKO

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

The State ◽

Small Scale ◽

Economic Sustainability ◽

Scale Production ◽

Economic Stability ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Starting Point

The aim of the study was to develop theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for achieving the economic sustainability of dairy products by enterprises. The structure of the dairy subcomplex in terms of supply chain management is disclosed. This methodological approach made it possible to outline the external environment of the milk production and the dairy industry as a whole. We consider the category «economic sustainability» as the system ability to maintain its working condition in order to achieve the planned results in the presence of various perturbation effects (destabilizing internal and external factors). The starting point was the hypothesis that the economic sustainability of the dairy subcomplex as a whole depends on the economic sustainability of milk production entities (agricultural enterprises and households). Comparing the profitability level that has the potential to provide dynamic economic stability with the average in the dairy industry proves - without active state support the dairy industry in Ukraine is in danger of phasing out. The analysis of economic practices in Ukraine (in particular, data of the State Statistics Service) allowed to formulate the author's vision of the directions of achieving the dairy sub-sector of the state of dynamic economic stability. They include: the development of industrial dairy cattle as opposed to the dominance of small-scale production; changes in pricing policy, as well as the calculation of government subsidies by reformatting approaches to determining the cost of milk production, which will allow to adjust the reproduction system of own livestock and will increase the profitability of the dairy industry; achievement of higher quality of dairy raw materials by means of logistical re-equipment of farms, improvement of personnel qualification, provision of high sanitary standards, improvement of veterinary services; diversification of milk distribution channels in order to reduce the market power of the processing industry enterprises. Key words: milk production, economic sustainability, dairy subcomplex, industrial cattle breeding, dairy cattle breeding.

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Fitting mathematical models to lactation curves from holstein cows in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520130514 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 503-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abílio G.T. Ferreira ◽

Douglas S. Henrique ◽

Ricardo A.M. Vieira ◽

Emilyn M. Maeda ◽

Altair A. Valotto

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Milk Production ◽

Information Criterion ◽

The State ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Almost All ◽

Quality Of Fit ◽

Wood Model

The objective of this study was to evaluate four mathematical models with regards to their fit to lactation curves of Holstein cows from herds raised in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Initially, 42,281 milk production records from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from "Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH)". Data lacking dates of drying and total milk production at 305 days of lactation were excluded, resulting in a remaining 15,142 records corresponding to 2,441 Holstein cows. Data were sorted according to the parity order (ranging from one to six), and within each parity order the animals were divided into quartiles (Q25%, Q50%, Q75% and Q100%) corresponding to 305-day lactation yield. Within each parity order, for each quartile, four mathematical models were adjusted, two of which were predominantly empirical (Brody and Wood) whereas the other two presented more mechanistic characteristics (models Dijkstra and Pollott). The quality of fit was evaluated by the corrected Akaike information criterion. The Wood model showed the best fit in almost all evaluated situations and, therefore, may be considered as the most suitable model to describe, at least empirically, the lactation curves of Holstein cows raised in Southwestern Parana.

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Correlations between Environmental Factors and Milk Production of Holstein Cows

Data ◽

10.3390/data4030103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roman Mylostyvyi ◽

Olexandr Chernenko

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Global Climate ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

The State ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Mathematical Functions ◽

Temperature Humidity Index ◽

Starting Point ◽

Humidity Index

Global climate change is a challenge for dairy farming. In this regard, identifying reliable correlations between environmental parameters and animals’ physiological responses is a starting point for the mathematical modeling of their effects on the future welfare and milk production of cows. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between environmental parameters and the milk production of cows in hot period. Archival data from the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center were used to study the state of insolation conditions (IC), wind direction (WD), wind strength (WS), air temperature (AT), and relative humidity (RH). The temperature–humidity index (THI) (Kibler, 1964) and temperature–humidity index in the hangar-type cowshed (THICHT) (Mylostyvyi et al., 2019) served as integral indicators of the state of the cowshed’s microclimate. The daily milk yield (DMY), yield of milk fat (MF) and milk protein (MP), and percentage of milk fat (PMF) and protein (PMP) were taken into account by the DairyComp 305 herd management system (VAS, USA). Statistical data processing was performed using the mathematical functions of Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Inc.) and Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc.). There was a weak correlation between IC and DMY at r = −0.2, between RH and DMY at r = +0.4, and between RH and MF at r = +0.2. Between DMY, MF, MP, and WS made up r = –0.2 to 0.4. Between DMY, MF, MP, and AT made up r = −0.2 to 0.5 (p < 0.05). The effects of weather factors on animal productivity will be the subject of further research.

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ZONEAMENTO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA VACAS LEITEIRAS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA ◽

10.17224/energagric.2017v32n3p221-228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

Zanandra Boff Oliveira ◽

Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽

Alberto Eduardo Knies ◽

Marília Boff De Oliveira ◽

Irajá Jantsch De Souza

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Spatial Dependence ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Spherical Model ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The State ◽

Holstein Cows

O presente estudo teve como objetivo de estabelecer o zoneamento bioclimático para vacas leiteiras no estado do RS a partir do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) e realizar a espacialização do déficit da produção de leite das vacas da raça Holandesa com nível de produção de 20, 25 e 30 kg dia -1. O estudo foi realizado para 27 municípios do estado para os quais foi calculado o ITU a partir de dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes a última normal climatológica (1961 e 1990) disponível no site do INMET. Nos meses em que o ITU foi superior ao de conforto térmico foi calculado a déficit de produção de leite. Uma vez detectada a dependência espacial, produziu-se o mapa temático da distribuição espacial da variável por meio de krigagem ordinária. O modelo esférico foi o que melhor ajustou à semivariância experimental observada para o ITU, que apresentou dependência espacial com correlação significativa negativa entre os valores de altitude. O ITU foi superior a 70, considerado condição de alerta, em 18 municípios dos 27 avaliados, nos meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro, chegando ao valor máximo de 75,4, na faixa de municípios situados na região sudoeste, com altitude de até 100 m. O déficit de produção de leite de vacas Holandesas, para um nível de produção de 20 a 30 kg dia -1, em função de condições climáticas foi de até 4,20 kg dia -1 para o estado do RS.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: conforto térmico; índices de conforto térmico, geoestatística. BIOCLIMATIC ZONING FOR DAIRY COWS IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SULABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to establish the bioclimatic zoning for dairy cows in the state of RS analyzing the temperature and humidity index (THI) and to perform the spatialization of milk production deficit of Holstein cows of 20, 25 and 30 kg day-1. The study was performed in 27 state municipalities for those UTI was calculated from the data of compensated mean temperature (TMC) and compensated relative humidity (URC), referring to the last climatological normal data (1961 and 1990) available on INMET website. Once the spatial dependence was detected, a thematic map of the spatial distribution was generated using ordinary kriging. The spherical model was the best fit for the experimental semivariance observed for THI, which showed spatial dependence with significant negative correlation between altitude values. The THI was above 70, considered an alert condition, in 18 municipalities of the 27 evaluated, in the months of december, january and february, reaching a maximum value of 75.4, in the range of municipalities located in the southwest region, with altitude up to 100 m. The milk production deficit of Holstein cows, for a production yield of 20 to 30 kg day -1, regarding the climatic conditions, was up to 4.20 kg day -1 for the RS state.KEYWORDS: thermal comfort; thermal comfort indexes, geostatistics.

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The state support of the increase of volumes and efficiency of milk production

Research Result Economic Research ◽

10.18413/2409-1634-2015-1-1-80-89 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

T. N. Fliginskih ◽

◽

O. N. Andreeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

The State ◽

State Support

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Economic Impact of Milk Production in the State of New Mexico

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2007-0791 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 2144-2150 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V.E. Cabrera ◽

R. Hagevoort ◽

D. Solís ◽

R. Kirksey ◽

J.A. Diemer

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Milk Production ◽

The State

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Evolution of Dairy Cooperatives in Karnataka: A Special Focus on Women’s Dairy Cooperatives

Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology ◽

10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i930634 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

R. S. Geetha ◽

P. S. Srikantha Murthy

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Milk Production ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The State ◽

Special Focus ◽

Wide Spread ◽

The Past ◽

Set Up ◽

Dairy Cooperatives

The present research is mainly based on secondary data and aimed to study dairy cooperatives’ evolution and especially those involving women in Karnataka. The indicators used in study are growth rate and percentages. In India and Karnataka, the analysis indicated that growth in milk production has increased significantly in the past 3 decades and overall, except during 2000-01 to 2009-10 period for Karnataka. As of July, 2020 there were 14 Milk Unions covering all the districts of the state with 14682 Dairy Cooperatives functioning and 25.30 lakh milk producers. Bengaluru and Kolar milk unions are larger unions in the state contributing around 25 per cent to total dairy cooperatives and milk producers in Karnataka, while contributing around 34 per cent to average milk procurement. The wide spread establishment of WDCs was possible in Karnataka through STEP scheme which was implemented by KMF with the support of Government of Karnataka. The total number of WDCs registered in Karnataka is of 4494 and currently functioning ones among them is 4046. Around 60 per cent of WDCs are set up through STEP in Karnataka over the years.

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CORRELATION BETWEEN ANXIETY AND BREAST MILK PRODUCTION AMONG BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER OF JAGIR, SURABAYA

Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan ◽

10.36720/nhjk.v9i1.151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 50-56

Author(s):

Yurike Septianingrum ◽

Nety Mawarda Hatmanti ◽

Andikawati Fitriasari

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Health Center ◽

Milk Production ◽

State Anxiety ◽

The State ◽

Rank Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Center ◽

Breast Milk Production

Background: The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is caused by several factors, one of which is anxiety. The mother feels anxious because she is unable to provide enough milk for her baby.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between anxiety and breast milk production among breastfeeding mother in Public Health Center of Jagir, Surabaya.Methods: The design of this study was observational analytic with the cross-sectional approach. The study population were all of breastfeeding mothers in Public Health Center of Jagir, Surabaya who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample of this study was recruited through purposive sampling as many as 67 mothers. Data were collected by using the State Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire and the breast milk production observational sheet. The results of Cronbach Alpha test for the State Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire was .619 and the breast milk production observational sheet was .711. Descriptive statistics and Spearmen Rank Test with significance value less than .05 were used to analyzed data.Results: The results showed: 1) most breastfeeding mothers experienced moderate anxiety (91.04%), 2) some breastfeeding mothers showed smooth milk production (61.19%), 3) There was a correlation between anxiety and breast production in breastfeeding mothers (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The more severe anxiety in nursing mothers, the production of breast milk becomes not smooth. Future studies are expected to analyze other factors that can affect breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers.Â Keywords: Anxiety, Breast Milk Production, Breastfeeding Mother

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Factors Associated With Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding and Prelacteal Feeding in North-Central Nigeria

International Journal of Childbirth ◽

10.1891/ijcbirth-d-19-00027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 104-113

Author(s):

Andy Emmanuel ◽

Sheila Elizabeth Clow

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Milk Production ◽

The State ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Timely Manner ◽

Prelacteal Feeding ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Timely Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

OBJECTIVEDelay in initiation of breastfeeding after birth is associated with the introduction of other feeds. It has been recommended that all women should initiate breastfeeding within the first hour after birth. Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding could reasonably reduce neonatal deaths. The aim of this study was to assess the initiation of breastfeeding and prelacteal feeding in Plateau State, Nigeria.MATERIALS AND METHODA cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. A total of 763 women drawn equally from the three senatorial zones of the state voluntarily completed a questionnaire. Results were analyzed using chi-squared statistics and regression analysis.RESULTSFindings show that 33.1% of women initiated breastfeeding in a timely manner. The relationships between the timely initiation of breastfeeding and the use of pain relief, maternal age, maternal employment, economic status, influence of family and friends, and advertisement were found to be statistically significant. Furthermore, 92% gave breast milk for the first feed, while 8% gave infant formula, glucose, herbs, or water. Inadequate breast milk production, delayed initiation of breastfeeding, and health conditions were factors identified as responsible for prelacteal feeding.CONCLUSIONThe proportion of women who initiated feeding in a timely manner was low, which underscores the need to promote and support early initiation of breastfeeding in the state. There is thus a need for a public education campaign, particularly directed at women receiving antenatal care, and focusing on the need for establishing feeding early. Women with health challenges and those with a history of poor milk production may require additional support to breastfeed as recommended.

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