Interplay of State and Local Concern in the Management of Natural Resources: Hydraulics and Forestry in Spain (1855?1936)

GeoJournal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina G�mez Mendoza ◽  
Nicol�s Ortega Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Concern

scholarly journals THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF STATE STIMULATION OF ECO-ORIENTED BUSINESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1(63)) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
S.O. Nikola
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
State Planning ◽  
State Management ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article considers the mechanism of state stimulation of eco-oriented business. The main elements of the environmental management mechanism that combine the methods and functions of organizational management structures are described. The main methods of state management stimulation environmentally oriented business includes: administrative (administrative and enforcement) - are conditioned by the need for state planning and control over the state of the environment in the interests of each producer and each member of society; economic - stimulate the material interest of economic entities in the implementation of the necessary environmental measures, decisions of management bodies in the field of nature management (taxes, subsidies, subsidies, subsidies, government orders for the production of environmentally friendly products, clean equipment and the provision of environmentally friendly services); moral and ethical stimulation - the creation of a cultural, educational, worldview base that forms the conditions for the implementation of moral and ethical incentives in the use of nature; information methods of incentive management - ensuring public access to information of economic and environmental character. Specific incentive functions have been identified that affect the effective implementation of environmental and economic measures. Managing the stimulation of eco-oriented business involves the implementation of a number of specific functions, i.e. Types of activities that affect the effective implementation of environmental and economic relations: standards and legislation in the field of stimulating the rational use of natural resources and environmental protection; certification of natural resources and pollution coming from the subjects of production and economic activities, taking into account natural objects that require priority incentive measures from the state and business; maintenance of ecological territorial cadastres to justify the allocation of funds from the state and local budgets in order to stimulate the conservation of the ecosystem.

FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Olena Suhina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
State And Local

Valuation of natural resources, in particular ecosystem resources, occupies one of the leading places in modern economic theory. It should be noted that all methodological and methodical approaches used in world practice to determine the value of natural resources, in their economic essence evaluate each object of using the nature as a commodity that can be bought, sold, leased, etc. This approach is based on an economic point of view and does not take into account the ecological properties of this resource (for example, forest is evaluated exclusively as wood – raw material for the woodworking industry, and its assimilative and oxygen-producing properties are not taken into account). In the article we propose a methodological approach to the valuation of ecosystem assets of territorial communities that provide assimilation and oxygen production services to society, which is based on the ecological-economic point of view. The essence of this method is that the valuation of ecosystem resources is determined by the cost of their ecosystem services that they provide to society throughout its life cycle. Moreover, when carrying out a summary valuation of various ecosystem assets (forest, water, land), the latter must be valued by the same (identical) method. The paper proposes an algorithm and a specific mathematical apparatus that allows to determine the value of any ecosystem resource and on its basis to determine the complex value of ecosystems owned by local communities. Tables of data on the volumes of carbon dioxide absorption by plants of Ukraine, which most intensively assimilate carbon dioxide, on indicators of oxygen release by plants and on the duration of the life cycle of certain species of trees and shrubs. It is these indicators can be used as performance characteristics in the proposed mathematical apparatus in the valuation of ecosystem assets. It is noted that the availability of valuation of ecosystem assets will allow, both at the state and local levels, to make appropriate management decisions on their effective use.

scholarly journals Fiscal Federalism in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
R. K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
State And Local

The Constitution of Nepal was formally promulgated and it declared the country as a Federal Democratic Republic on September 20, 2015 by the Second CA. Fiscal powers were shared among the federal government, the state governments and the local governments. The Constitution further defined the framework of fiscal federalism within the pattern of income and resource distribution. The primary objectives of this study is to review the modality presented in the new Constitution on the natural resources, economic rights and revenue allocation. The study finds that the fiscal decentralization initiatives have not been successful in minimizing the political, social, economic, regional and ethnic inequalities inherent for nearly 240 years of a unitary system of governance in Nepal. The study recommends that VAT, excise duties and income taxes have to be allocated at the federal, states and local levels in the ratio of 70 percent, 15 percent and 15 percent respectively by the Constitution. Intergovernmental transfer modality has included in the Constitution. Revenue sharing from hydropower has been a controversial issue in Nepal. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission (NNRFC) has been constituted at the central level to make national level development plans and to make recommendations for additional grants and loans for the state and local governments. The Constitution has further defined the framework of fiscal federalism within the pattern of income and resource distribution. The theoretical study indicates that there is various controversial and overlapping issues required clarity in process of implementation in the years to come.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF THE APPLICATION OF ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING THE RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES: THE EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yuliia Leheza ◽  
Olena Surilova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Economic Mechanisms ◽  
State And Local

The purpose of the study is to determine the most optimal ways to solve the problems of financing the implementation of environmental protection measures formulated based on the positive experience of foreign countries in the field of ensuring the rational use of natural resources. Methodology. The method of comparative legal research was used to analyse foreign experience in the application of economic mechanisms for ensuring the rational use of natural resources, and the methods of modelling, analysis, and synthesis allowed determining the directions of increasing the efficiency of economic incentive use in Ukraine. Research results. Based on the studied experience of legal regulation of the application of economic mechanisms for ensuring the rational use of natural resources in the countries of the European Union, the United States of America, Great Britain, Canada, and other foreign countries, it was concluded on the expediency of its implementation in Ukraine. The author determined the appropriateness of the introduction of tax privileges of economic activity of entities that promote the use of advanced technologies, which contribute to reducing the negative impact on the environment. The expediency of application in Ukraine of an extensive system of taxation of activities associated with the use of natural resources by means of activating the introduction of direct taxes paid directly by natural users is substantiated. The practicability of inclusion of payments for obtaining appropriate special permits (licenses), which are granted not only for the use of natural resources but also for the activities related to environmental pollution, in the system of economic mechanisms for ensuring the rational use of natural resources is substantiated. The practical importance of the study. The expediency of introducing in Ukraine the approach of financial substantiation of national and regional programs in the sphere of natural resources utilization, which are realized at the expense of state and local budgets and successfully applied in foreign countries, is proved. The originality of the research. The results and conclusions of th e research can be used in the process of improving the legal regulation of the application of economic mechanisms for ensuring the rational use of natural resources.

Risky business: political risk insurance and the law and governance of natural resources

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Celine Tan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Political Risk ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Risk Insurance ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
Risky Business

AbstractThis paper explores the implications of political risk insurance (PRI) in the regulation and governance of natural resources sectors in developing countries. Operating in a hybrid public–private sphere, PRI arrangements involve a more complex web of contractual and non-contractual relations than commercial insurance products, and parties to such arrangements are inserted into a much more intricate framework of legal and political governance, with correspondingly broader international and domestic implications. The paper argues that PRI represents a form of government rationality that provides a framework for organising and regulating the behaviour of actors involved in natural resource investments in developing countries. In natural resources projects where tensions regularly exist between the interests of the foreign investor, the host state and local communities, PRI arrangements can reframe the terms of engagement between these various stakeholders and redefine the host state's engagement with the broader international community.

Beyond the Crabgrass Frontier

Power Lines ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Needham
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Metropolitan Development ◽  
Metropolitan Growth ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Navajo Reservation ◽  
State And Local

This introductory chapter provides an overview of postwar metropolitan development. The search for the natural resources required for metropolitan growth, and for spaces to discard the waste produced by metropolitan consumption, led federal, state, and local actors to create new infrastructures. These power lines, aqueducts, and landfills reorganized economies, ecologies, and societies in distant landscapes. Once constructed, they shaped possibilities and limited opportunities for change. These infrastructures invested metropolitan actors in the transformation of distant landscapes while drawing distant people into new relationships with metropolitan centers. The result was not only metropolitan sprawl but also the reorganization of politics, society, and nature in new, far-flung regions. This book traces the development of the power lines that ran between Phoenix and the Navajo reservation through time and across space to construct a broad new map of postwar urban, environmental, and political change.

scholarly journals Sustainable development through the prism of ethno-tourism – example of Montenegro

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05078
Author(s):  
Boban Melović ◽  
Dragana Ćirović
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Tourism Potential

This article is exploring the possibilities for sustainable development trough the instignation and improvement of ethnotourism in Montenegro. This article identifies the current level of development of ethnotourism, the forms in which it is being expressed, and gives the recommendations for its improvement. The results show that, despite the significant tourism potential that Montenegro has, this type of tourism is still in its initial phase of development and it takes place within the ethno-villages bussines in the northern region of the country. The tourism offer isn’t diversified enough. It is based on natural resources and traditional cuisine, but it doensn’t contain the elements specific for this type of tourism, wich would convey the spirit of montenegrin culture and tradition to the tourists in a better way. Therefore it is necessary to make additonal efforts in the forthcoming period, in order to develop it. This goal can be achieved trough better cooperation of decision-makers on state and local level, and trough the empowerment of the offerers to take over the initiative in order to enrich their tourism offer with elements from Montenegrin traditon.

TVA-State-Local Relationships

1946 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-949
Author(s):  
M. H. Satterfield
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Tennessee Valley ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
State And Local

Rattling the “superstate skeleton” has become the principal pastime of those who oppose the establishment of regional agencies for the development of the natural resources of the nation. While the superstate argument was used against TVA during its early existence, it forms no part of the present thinking of the people of the Tennessee Valley and their public institutions which have collaborated with TVA for the past thirteen years in the development and utilization of the resources of the region. Any needed proof of the fallacy of the argument that TVA has undermined state and local institutions in the Tennessee Valley is provided by the testimony of the governors of the seven states on the coöperative and profitable relations between their states and TVA.Such misunderstanding as still prevails outside the Valley regarding TVA and its relationships with state and local governments seems to arise, in large measure, from the sedulous spreading of misinformation on the nature of TVA's grant of powers.

scholarly journals Waste Recycling as a Key to Conservation of Natural Resources in Nigeria: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
State And Local

Waste generation in Nigeria is associated with increase in population resulting from economic development in cities, and this depends on high consumption of raw materials, which is gradually leading to the depletion of natural resources. The management of these wastes and there adverse impacts on the environment was observed to be one of the major challenges being tackled by state and local government environmental protection agencies. This paper focuses on recycling practices in Nigeria, which involves the collection and processing of materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash, and how these waste materials can be turned into new products, as a fundamental technique in the recovery of natural resources after use. It also reviews the role of waste recycling and its impact on the sustainability of these endangered raw materials.Thus, recycling accomplishes the dual function of the waste utilization and environmental safety, which is a key tonatural resource conservation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document